POJ 3468 A Simple Problem with Integers(树状数组区间更新)
Posted 勿忘初心0924
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Time Limit: 5000MS | Memory Limit: 131072K | |
Total Submissions: 97217 | Accepted: 30358 | |
Case Time Limit: 2000MS |
Description
You have N integers, A1, A2, ... , AN. You need to deal with two kinds of operations. One type of operation is to add some given number to each number in a given interval. The other is to ask for the sum of numbers in a given interval.
Input
The first line contains two numbers N and Q. 1 ≤ N,Q ≤ 100000.
The second line contains N numbers, the initial values of A1, A2, ... , AN. -1000000000 ≤ Ai ≤ 1000000000.
Each of the next Q lines represents an operation.
"C a b c" means adding c to each of Aa, Aa+1, ... , Ab. -10000 ≤ c ≤ 10000.
"Q a b" means querying the sum of Aa, Aa+1, ... , Ab.
Output
You need to answer all Q commands in order. One answer in a line.
Sample Input
10 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Q 4 4 Q 1 10 Q 2 4 C 3 6 3 Q 2 4
Sample Output
4 55 9 15
Hint
Source
但这个题目求的是某一区间的数组和,而且要支持批量更新某一区间内元素的值,怎么办呢?实际上,
还是可以把问题转化为求数组的前缀和。
首先,看更新操作update(s, t, d)把区间A[s]...A[t]都增加d,我们引入一个数组delta[i],表示
A[i]...A[n]的共同增量,n是数组的大小。那么update操作可以转化为:
1)令delta[s] = delta[s] + d,表示将A[s]...A[n]同时增加d,但这样A[t+1]...A[n]就多加了d,所以
2)再令delta[t+1] = delta[t+1] - d,表示将A[t+1]...A[n]同时减d
然后来看查询操作query(s, t),求A[s]...A[t]的区间和,转化为求前缀和,设sum[i] = A[1]+...+A[i],则
A[s]+...+A[t] = sum[t] - sum[s-1],
那么前缀和sum[x]又如何求呢?它由两部分组成,一是数组的原始和,二是该区间内的累计增量和, 把数组A的原始
值保存在数组org中,并且delta[i]对sum[x]的贡献值为delta[i]*(x+1-i),那么
sum[x] = org[1]+...+org[x] + delta[1]*x + delta[2]*(x-1) + delta[3]*(x-2)+...+delta[x]*1
= org[1]+...+org[x] + segma(delta[i]*(x+1-i))
= segma(org[i]) + (x+1)*segma(delta[i]) - segma(delta[i]*i),1 <= i <= x
这其实就是三个数组org[i], delta[i]和delta[i]*i的前缀和,org[i]的前缀和保持不变,事先就可以求出来,delta[i]和
delta[i]*i的前缀和是不断变化的,可以用两个树状数组来维护。
#include<iostream> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #define N 100010 #define ll long long using namespace std; ll c1[N];//c1[i]表示i~n共同增加c1[i] ll c2[N];//c2[i]表示i~n一共增加c1[i]*i=c2[i] ll ans[N];//存放的前缀和 ll n,m; string op; ll lowbit(ll x) { return x&(-x); } void update(ll x,ll val,ll *c) { while(x<=n) { c[x]+=val; x+=lowbit(x); } } ll getsum(ll x,ll *c) { ll s=0; while(x>0) { s+=c[x]; x-=lowbit(x); } return s; } int main() { freopen("C:\\Users\\acer\\Desktop\\in.txt","r",stdin); while(scanf("%lld%lld",&n,&m)!=EOF) { memset(c1,0,sizeof c1); memset(c2,0,sizeof c2); memset(ans,0,sizeof ans); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%lld",&ans[i]); ans[i]+=ans[i-1]; } getchar(); for(int i=1;i<=m;i++) { cin>>op; if(op=="C") { ll s1,s2,s3; scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&s1,&s2,&s3); update(s1,s3,c1);//c1~n共同增加了s3 update(s2+1,-s3,c1);//上一步操作使得s2~n多增加了s3所以这一步要减去 update(s1,s1*s3,c2); update(s2+1,-(s2+1)*s3,c2); } else if(op=="Q") { ll s1,s2; scanf("%lld%lld",&s1,&s2); ll cur=ans[s2]-ans[s1-1];//首先等于s1~s2这个区间的基础值 cur+=getsum(s2,c1)*(s2+1)-getsum(s2,c2);//0~s2对前缀和的影响 cur-=getsum(s1-1,c1)*(s1)-getsum(s1-1,c2);//0~s1对前缀和的影响 printf("%lld\n",cur); } } // for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) // cout<<getsum(i)<<" "; // cout<<endl; } }
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