英语语法最终珍藏版笔记-10动名词

Posted 2020-06-13

动名词

 

动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。 动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。

（一）做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：

Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。

Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。

It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。

My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps .  ?我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。

在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：

It’s no use /good ringing her up now.  现在给她打电话没用了。

Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? ???为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗？

It’s wise trying again.  再试一次是明智的。

It is of great importance fighting against pollution. ?制止污染有重要意义。

It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。

It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.    吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。

 

（二）动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t  help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成， contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止， dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢， escape逃脱，excuse 原谅， fancy想象，feel like 想要， finish结束， 严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止， recall 回忆， report报告，resent 怨恨， resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。

例如：

He avoided giving me a definite answer.   他避免给我一个正确答案。

David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. ?戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。

（我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ）

I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。

 

下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语：

abhor憎恶，attempt 试图，begin 开始，cannot bear 无法忍受，cannot stand无法忍受，cease停止，continue，继续,，decline 拒绝，deserve值得，disdain蔑视，dread害怕，endure忍耐，forget忘记，hate 痛恨，intend打算，learn学，like 喜欢，loathe厌恶，love喜欢，mean意思是、意味着，need需要，neglect疏忽，omit省略，忽略，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，propose建议，regret后悔，remember记得，require需要，scorn蔑视、瞧不起，start开始，try尝试，努力，entail必须，involve涉及，necessitate使成为必要，等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样，个别不同。

 

（三）动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如：

The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。

Are you interested in going to the show?  你有兴趣去看演出吗？

Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.  ?托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。

我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.

Excuse me for interrupting you.  请原谅我打扰你，

Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy.  从西安回来后，他一直很忙。

He warned me against swimming in this lake. ??他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。

改为不定式短语：He warned me not to swim in this lake.

We came out without being seen.  我们出来没被人看见。

Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out. ?做完作业之前，你最好别出去。

改为用before 作连词：Before you finish your homework, you’d better not go out.

 

（四）动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。带逻辑主语的动名词短语可做主语，宾语，表语等。在非正式文体当中，经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词，把名词所有格简化为名词。例如：

I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。

I can hardly imagine Peter(Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我简直不能想象彼得会在五天内横渡大西洋。

Linda’s coming will do you good.（主语）  林达的到来对你有好处。

What made him angry was their (them) laughing.（表语）使他生气的是他们笑。

 

（五）动名词的完成式和被动语态：

（1）完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如：

I apologize for having broken my promise.  我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。

I don’t remember having talked with him before.   ??我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。

恨不相逢未嫁时。 → I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.

（2）当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时，动名词要用被动语态。例如：

I could no longer stand being treated like that.  我再也不能忍受被那样对待。

She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训，她感到自豪。

他不喜欢嘲笑别人。  →He doesn’t like laughing at others.

他不喜欢被人嘲笑。→He doesn’t like being laughed at.

 

（六）某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语，但意义有差别。

（1）like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱，厌恶的动词后面，可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语，意义差别不大。但当这些词前面有should或would时，一定要用动词不定式作宾语。表示想要，愿意，打算。例如：

She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you. 她喜欢跳舞。（泛指）但他不喜欢和你跳。（特指）

He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him. 他看上去很累，我不想打扰他。

I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight. 我不喜欢看书，但是今天晚上倒想躺在床上看本杂志。

Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. 小吉姆今晚喜欢被带去看戏。

The reporter would /should like to see you again. 那位记者还想见见你。

We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.我们不喜欢背后议论人。

hate to do sth 表示“真不想做某事，（但不得不做）”。如：

I hate to disturb you now, but I have no choice.  我真不想现在打扰你，但没有办法。

（2） forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）

     forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）

例如：

The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着。她忘记关了。（关灯的动作没做）

The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off. 办公室的灯没亮着。是她关的，但她忘记关过灯。（已关过灯，她忘了）

她昨天又来还我二百元钱。她忘记上个月还我了。→She came to pay back RMB 200 to me again yesterday. She forgot having paid it back to me last month.

（3）remember to do sth.记着去做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

例如：

Do you remember meeting me at a party last year? 你记得去年一次宴会上见过我吗？（已见过面）

You must remember to leave tomorrow。  你一定要记着明天离开。（还没离开）

（4）stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事    

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

例如：

She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她停下来，在路边的一块大石头上休息。

As long as you live, your heart never stops beating, 只要你活着，你的心脏就永远不会停止跳动。

（5） regret to do sth. 对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;

regret doing sth. 对已做的事情表示后悔

例如：

I regret saying that.  ?我后悔说了那话。

I regret to tell you the following truth.  ?我非常遗憾地告诉你下面这个事实。

（6）try to do sth努力去做某事     

try doing sth.做某事试一试

例如：

You must try to do it again. 你必须想方设法再做一次。

Let’s try doing the work in some other way. 咱们用另一种方法做这工作试试。

（7） mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事   

mean doing sth.意味着做某事

例如：

If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait. 如果这意味着拖延一个多星期，我就不等了。

I mean to help you, and nothing else.  我想帮助你们，没别的。

我不是想伤害你，对不起。→I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.

宣布台独就是对中国宣战。→Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.

（8） go on to do sth.做了一件事又去做另一件

go on doing sth继续做原来的事情

例如：

After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.  他作完数学后，接着又做物理。

I hope it won’t go on raining all day long.     ?我希望这雨别一天下个没完。

 

现在做一些练习：

1．根据括号里的汉语意思用动名词填空：

1)（游泳）is a very enjoyable exercise. (Swimming)

2) His work is (修自行车). (Repairing bicycles)

3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork (吃肉). （for eating meat）

4) We will only succeed by (努力工作）. (working hard)

5) I don‘ t want to force you into (做违反你愿意做的事情). (doing something against your will)

6) Tom hates (早晨9点以后起床). (getting up before 9 o‘ clock)

7) I could‘ t help (迟到). (being late)

8) (等着没用) there won‘ t be another bus. (It‘s no use waiting)

9) Are you against (今天开会). (having the meeting today)

10) Instead of (挨批评), she ought to be praised. (being criticized)

2. 用动名词结构将下列句子译成英语：

1）她听见敲门声，停止了工作去开门。

When she heard the knocking at the door, she stopped working to open the door.

2）谢谢你给我写信。

Thank you for writing to me.

3）雨停了，太阳开始出来了。

It stopped raining and the sun began to shine.

4）希望你原谅我问了这么多问题。

I hope you will excuse me for having asked all these questions.

5）你要吃点什么，别不好意思说。

If you want something to eat, don’t be shy of saying so.

6）我一向很喜欢在这里工作。

I have always enjoyed working here.

7）我建议再等半个小时。

I suggest waiting for another half an hour.

8）我不得不认为（believe）又一不幸事件将要发生。

I can’t help believing that another unlucky event will happen.

9）我盼望着收到他的信。

I am looking forward to receiving his letters.

10）那辆汽车需要修理。

That car wants fixing up (repairing).

11）我记得我们离开房间之前把灯关上了。

I remember switching off the lights before we left the room.

12）你对早起已经很习惯了。

You are quite used to getting up early.

13）中国球迷们正盼望见到这些足球明星。

Chinese football (soccer) fans are looking forward to seeing the football stars.

14）光线够好的，可以看书。

The light is good enough for reading.

15）作为一个中国人，他感到骄傲。

He is proud of being a Chinese.

16）我善于游泳。

I am good at swimming.

17）他尝试过(try one’s hand at)写一本书。

He has tried his hand at writing a book.

18）我真的记得去年和他见过面。

I do remember meeting him last year.

19）把门打开，让猫出去好吗？(Do you mind…)

Do you mind opening the door to let the cat out?

20）这个电影很值得一看。

This film is well worth seeing.

3. 用动词不定式或动名词填空：

1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought.

→ to see

2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down.

→ walking

3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out.

→  to see

4) In 1969, the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface.

→ sending; landing

5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday.

→ to put

6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing.

→  see

7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak), we will ask him a question.

→ speaking

8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay).

→ go; to stay

9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter.

→  to give

10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more.

→ say; going

11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside.

→ playing

12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine.

→ to take

13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter.

→ take

14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.

→ going

15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen.

→ wash

16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse.

→ saying

17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it.

→ steal

18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job.

→ to help

19) You had better ____ (go) home now. It looks like rain.

→  go

20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go).

→ know; to go

21) He promised ___ (come) to our party.

→ to come

22) I forget ____ (see) you there.

→ seeing

23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday.

→ to see

24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier.

→ letting