stub 和 skeleton 介绍

Posted 2020-08-09

stub 和 skeleton 介绍
RMI的本质就是实现在不同JVM之间的调用,它的实现方法就是在两个JVM中各开一个Stub和Skeleton，二者通过socket通信来实现参数和返回值的传递。

有关RMI的例子代码网上可以找到不少,但绝大部分都是通过extend the interface java.rmi.Remote实现（基础教程qkxue.net），已经封装的很完善了，不免使人有雾里看花的感觉（腾云科技ty300.com）。下面的例子是我在《Enterprise JavaBeans》即EJB里看到的，虽然很粗糙，但很直观，利于很快了解它的工作原理。

Ⅰ：RMI工作原理(自定义实现一个Stub 和 Skeleton)

1. 定义一个Person的接口，其中有两个business method, getAge() 和getName()

Person代码: 

public interface Person {
public int getAge() throws Throwable;
public String getName() throws Throwable;
} 

2. Person的实现PersonServer类

PersonServer代码: 

public class PersonServer implements Person {
private int age;
private String name;
public PersonServer(String name, int age) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}

3. 好，我们现在要在Client机器上调用getAge()和getName()这两个business method，那么就得编写相应的Stub(Client端)和Skeleton(Server端)程序。这是Stub的实现：

Person_Stub代码:

//存根（stub）Person_Stub的实现: 

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Person_Stub implements Person {
private Socket socket;
public Person_Stub() throws Throwable {
// connect to skeleton
socket = new Socket("computer_name", 9000);
}
public int getAge() throws Throwable {
// pass method name to skeleton
ObjectOutputStream outStream =
new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
outStream.writeObject("age");
outStream.flush();
ObjectInputStream inStream =
new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
return inStream.readInt();
}
public String getName() throws Throwable {
// pass method name to skeleton
ObjectOutputStream outStream =
new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
outStream.writeObject("name");
outStream.flush();
ObjectInputStream inStream =
new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
return (String)inStream.readObject();
}
}

注意，Person_Stub和PersonServer一样，都implements Person。它们都实现了getAge()和getName()两个business method，不同的是PersonServer是真的实现，Person_Stub是建立socket连接，并向Skeleton发请求，然后通过Skeleton调用PersonServer的方法，最后接收返回的结果。

4. 骨架（Skeleton）的实现

Person_Skeleton代码: 

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
public class Person_Skeleton extends Thread {
private PersonServer myServer;
public Person_Skeleton(PersonServer server) {
// get reference of object server
this.myServer = server;
}
public void run() {
try {
// new socket at port 9000
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
// accept stub‘s request
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
while (socket != null) {
// get stub‘s request
ObjectInputStream inStream =
new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
String method = (String)inStream.readObject();
// check method name
if (method.equals("age")) {
// execute object server‘s business method
int age = myServer.getAge();
ObjectOutputStream outStream =
new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
// return result to stub
outStream.writeInt(age);
outStream.flush();
}
if(method.equals("name")) {
// execute object server‘s business method
String name = myServer.getName();
ObjectOutputStream outStream =
new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
// return result to stub
outStream.writeObject(name);
outStream.flush();
}
}
} catch(Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
System.exit(0);
}
}
public static void main(String args []) {
// new object server
PersonServer person = new PersonServer("Richard", 34);
Person_Skeleton skel = new Person_Skeleton(person);
skel.start();
}
}

Skeleton类 extends from Thread，它长驻在后台运行，随时接收client发过来的request。并根据发送过来的key去调用相应的business method。

5. 最后一个，Client的实现

PersonClient 代码: 

public class PersonClient {
public static void main(String [] args) {
try {
Person person = new Person_Stub();
int age = person.getAge();
String name = person.getName();
System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " years old");
} catch(Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Client(PersonClient)的本质是，它要知道Person接口的定义，并实例一个Person_Stub，通过Stub来调用business method,至于Stub怎么去和Server沟通，Client就不用管了。

注意它的写法：

Person person = new Person_Stub();而不是Person_Stub person = new Person_Stub();为什么？因为要面向接口编程嘛，呵呵。

//RMI实质上就是生成2个类stub，skeleton来进行参数和返回值的传递，采用值传递方式

//类似于以前写的聊天室程序，被传递的对象应实现java.io.Serializable接口