你在SQL Server中做什么来创建或改变？

Posted 2023-01-12

这一年是2009年，SQL Server没有CREATE或ALTER / REPLACE。这就是我所做的。

IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES 
           WHERE ROUTINE_NAME = 'SynchronizeRemoteCatalog' 
             AND ROUTINE_SCHEMA = 'dbo' 
             AND ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE')
 EXEC ('DROP PROCEDURE dbo.SynchronizeRemoteCatalog')

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.SynchronizeRemoteCatalog
AS BEGIN
    -- body
END

对于触发器，您必须依赖于专有系统视图。

在此期间，这是最受欢迎的惯例吗？

编辑：正如n8wrl建议的那样，official word认为此功能不是高优先级。因此问题。

答案

本文对在SQL Server中删除对象时丢失权限提出了一个很好的观点。

• Tips ‘N’ Tricks – T-SQL – An Elegant way to CREATE or ALTER Stored Procedures in One-Go for Easy Maintenance

所以这是保留权限的方法：

IF OBJECT_ID('spCallSomething') IS NULL
    EXEC('CREATE PROCEDURE spCallSomething AS SET NOCOUNT ON;')
GO

ALTER PROCEDURE spCallSomething ... 
--instead of DROP/CREATE

也适用于函数，只需在上面的代码中用PROCEDURE替换FUNCTION。

考虑这样做的另一个原因是容忍失败。假设您的DROP成功，但您的CREATE失败 - 您以一个损坏的数据库结束。使用ALTER方法，您将得到该对象的旧版本。

另一答案

我更喜欢CREATE-ALTER方法（不是语法）而不是DROP-CREATE有两个原因：

• 权限（使用DROP-CREATE你必须重新创建它们）
• object_id（改变对象不会改变它）

示例DROP-CREATE：

--Initial creation:
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_proc
AS
SELECT *
FROM dbo.a
WHERE i < 10;
GO

SELECT OBJECT_ID('dbo.my_proc');
GO


-- Recreating
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS dbo.my_proc;
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_proc
AS
-- some meaningless comment
SELECT *
FROM dbo.a
WHERE i < 10;
GO

SELECT OBJECT_ID('dbo.my_proc');
GO

DB Fiddle

我们可以看到object_id发生了变化。

例2：CREATE-ALTER

-- Initial creation
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_proc2
AS
SELECT *
FROM dbo.a
WHERE i < 10;
GO

SELECT OBJECT_ID('dbo.my_proc2');
GO

-- Altering
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.my_proc2
AS
-- some meaningless comment
SELECT *
FROM dbo.a
WHERE i < 10;
GO

SELECT OBJECT_ID('dbo.my_proc2');
GO

DB Fiddle

在这种情况下，object_id保持不变。

---

此示例场景可能会导致一些问题。假设我们使用SQL Server 2016 Query Store并强制对存储过程使用特定的查询计划。

DROP-CREATE

USE T1;
GO
-- make sure that Query Store is READ_WRITE 
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[a]') AND type in (N'U'))
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[a](
    [i] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    [g] [uniqueidentifier] NULL,
    [z] VARCHAR(10)
);
END
GO

-- populate table (15k records)
INSERT INTO dbo.a(g, z)
SELECT NEWID(), number
FROM (SELECT CAST([key] AS INT) AS number 
    FROM OPENJSON( '[1' + REPLICATE(',1',3000-1)+']')
    ) AS num
GO 5

-- initial creation
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_proc
AS
SELECT *
FROM dbo.a
WHERE z LIKE '12%'
AND 1 = (SELECT 1);
GO

-- Clustered Index Scan
EXEC dbo.my_proc;

EXEC sp_query_store_flush_db; 

SELECT qsq.query_id,
    qsq.query_text_id,
    qsq.context_settings_id,
    qsq.[object_id],
    OBJECT_NAME(qsq.[object_id]) AS [object_name],
    qsp.is_forced_plan,
    qsqt.query_sql_text,
    qsrs.count_executions,
    CAST(qsp.query_plan AS XML) AS sql_query_plan
FROM sys.query_store_query qsq
JOIN sys.query_store_query_text qsqt
ON qsq.query_text_id = qsqt.query_text_id
JOIN sys.query_store_plan qsp
ON qsq.query_id= qsp.query_id
JOIN sys.query_store_runtime_stats qsrs
ON qsrs.plan_id = qsp.plan_id
WHERE query_sql_text LIKE '%dbo.a%'
AND qsq.[object_id] <> 0
ORDER BY qsq.query_id;
GO
--dc1

-- creating index
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_dbo_a_z
ON dbo.a([z] ASC) INCLUDE ([i], [g]);
GO

-- index seek
EXEC dbo.my_proc;

EXEC sp_query_store_flush_db; 

SELECT qsq.query_id,
    qsq.query_text_id,
    qsq.context_settings_id,
    qsq.[object_id],
    OBJECT_NAME(qsq.[object_id]) AS [object_name],
    qsp.is_forced_plan,
    qsqt.query_sql_text,
    qsrs.count_executions,
    CAST(qsp.query_plan AS XML) AS sql_query_plan
FROM sys.query_store_query qsq
JOIN sys.query_store_query_text qsqt
ON qsq.query_text_id = qsqt.query_text_id
JOIN sys.query_store_plan qsp
ON qsq.query_id= qsp.query_id
JOIN sys.query_store_runtime_stats qsrs
ON qsrs.plan_id = qsp.plan_id
WHERE query_sql_text LIKE '%dbo.a%'
AND qsq.[object_id] <> 0
ORDER BY qsq.query_id;

-- forcing plan GUI, clustered scan
-- dc3

EXEC sp_query_store_flush_db; 
SELECT qsq.query_id,
    qsq.query_text_id,
    qsq.context_settings_id,
    qsq.[object_id],
    OBJECT_NAME(qsq.[object_id]) AS [object_name],
    qsp.is_forced_plan,
    qsqt.query_sql_text,
    qsrs.count_executions,
    CAST(qsp.query_plan AS XML) AS sql_query_plan
FROM sys.query_store_query qsq
JOIN sys.query_store_query_text qsqt
ON qsq.query_text_id = qsqt.query_text_id
JOIN sys.query_store_plan qsp
ON qsq.query_id= qsp.query_id
JOIN sys.query_store_runtime_stats qsrs
ON qsrs.plan_id = qsp.plan_id
WHERE query_sql_text LIKE '%dbo.a%'
AND qsq.[object_id] <> 0
ORDER BY qsq.query_id;
-- dc4

-- Clustered Index Scan
EXEC dbo.my_proc;

EXEC sp_query_store_flush_db; 
SELECT qsq.query_id,
    qsq.query_text_id,
    qsq.context_settings_id,
    qsq.[object_id],
    OBJECT_NAME(qsq.[object_id]) AS [object_name],
    qsp.is_forced_plan,
    qsqt.query_sql_text,
    qsrs.count_executions,
    CAST(qsp.query_plan AS XML) AS sql_query_plan
FROM sys.query_store_query qsq
JOIN sys.query_store_query_text qsqt
ON qsq.query_text_id = qsqt.query_text_id
JOIN sys.query_store_plan qsp
ON qsq.query_id= qsp.query_id
JOIN sys.query_store_runtime_stats qsrs
ON qsrs.plan_id = qsp.plan_id
WHERE query_sql_text LIKE '%dbo.a%'
AND qsq.[object_id] <> 0
ORDER BY qsq.query_id;
-- dc5

/* MAIN PART  - DROP - RECREATE */
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS dbo.my_proc;
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_proc
AS
-- some meaningless comment added by developer
SELECT *
FROM dbo.a
WHERE z LIKE '12%'
AND 1 = (SELECT 1);
GO

/* MAIN PART END */

-- Index Seek
EXEC dbo.my_proc;

EXEC sp_query_store_flush_db; 
SELECT qsq.query_id,
    qsq.query_text_id,
    qsq.context_settings_id,
    qsq.[object_id],
    OBJECT_NAME(qsq.[object_id]) AS [object_name],
    qsp.is_forced_plan,
    qsqt.query_sql_text,
    qsrs.count_executions,
    CAST(qsp.query_plan AS XML) AS sql_query_plan
FROM sys.query_store_query qsq
JOIN sys.query_store_query_text qsqt
ON qsq.query_text_id = qsqt.query_text_id
JOIN sys.query_store_plan qsp
ON qsq.query_id= qsp.query_id
JOIN sys.query_store_runtime_stats qsrs
ON qsrs.plan_id = qsp.plan_id
WHERE query_sql_text LIKE '%dbo.a%'
AND qsq.[object_id] <> 0
ORDER BY qsq.query_id;
-- object_id in query store is NULL
-- is_forced_plan flag is ignored !!!  

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