用Pandas数据框中的值注释热图

Posted 2023-01-08

我想用从数据框传递到下面的函数的值来注释热图。我查看了matplotlib.text，但无法在我的热图中以所需的方式从数据框中获取值。我在下面粘贴了用于生成热图的函数，之后是我的数据框和热图调用的输出。我想在热图中每个单元格的中心绘制数据框中的每个值。

生成热图的功能：

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors as mcolors

def heatmap_binary(df,
            edgecolors='w',
            #cmap=mpl.cm.RdYlGn,
            log=False):    
    width = len(df.columns)/7*10
    height = len(df.index)/7*10

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(20,10))#(figsize=(width,height))

    cmap, norm = mcolors.from_levels_and_colors([0, 0.05, 1],['Teal', 'MidnightBlue'] ) # ['MidnightBlue', Teal]['Darkgreen', 'Darkred']

    heatmap = ax.pcolor(df ,
                        edgecolors=edgecolors,  # put white lines between squares in heatmap
                        cmap=cmap,
                        norm=norm)


    ax.autoscale(tight=True)  # get rid of whitespace in margins of heatmap
    ax.set_aspect('equal')  # ensure heatmap cells are square
    ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('top')  # put column labels at the top
    ax.tick_params(bottom='off', top='off', left='off', right='off')  # turn off ticks

    plt.yticks(np.arange(len(df.index)) + 0.5, df.index, size=20)
    plt.xticks(np.arange(len(df.columns)) + 0.5, df.columns, rotation=90, size= 15)

    # ugliness from http://matplotlib.org/users/tight_layout_guide.html
    from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable
    divider = make_axes_locatable(ax)
    cax = divider.append_axes("right", "3%", pad="1%")
    plt.colorbar(heatmap, cax=cax)


plt.show()

Herre是我的数据框的一个示例：

dataframe :

             0-5 km / h  5-40 km / h  40-80 km / h  80-120 km / h  \
NORDIC         0.113955     0.191888      0.017485      -0.277528   
MIDDLE  EU     0.117903     0.197084     -0.001447      -0.332677   
KOREA          0.314008     0.236503     -0.067174      -0.396518   
CHINA          0.314008     0.236503     -0.067174      -0.396518   

             120-160 km / h  160-190 km / h  190 km / h  
NORDIC            -0.054365        0.006107    0.002458  
MIDDLE  EU         0.002441        0.012097    0.004599  
KOREA             -0.087191        0.000331    0.000040  
CHINA             -0.087191        0.000331    0.000040  

生成热图：

heatmap_binary(dataframe)

<< img src =“ https://image.soinside.com/eyJ1cmwiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9pLnN0YWNrLmltZ3VyLmNvbS9oVUxSRi5wbmcifQ==” alt =“在此处输入图像描述”>

有什么想法吗？

---

更新以澄清我的问题

我尝试了从问题中提出的解决方案，该解决方案具有我正在寻找的结果：how to annotate heatmap with text in matplotlib?但是，使用matplotlib.text函数在热图中定位值仍然存在问题：这是我尝试此解决方案的鳕鱼：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


data = dataframe.values
heatmap_binary(dataframe)

for y in range(data.shape[0]):
    for x in range(data.shape[1]):
        plt.text(data[y,x] +0.05 , data[y,x] + 0.05, '%.4f' % data[y, x], #data[y,x] +0.05 , data[y,x] + 0.05
                 horizontalalignment='center',
                 verticalalignment='center',
                 color='w')

#plt.colorbar(heatmap)

plt.show()

添加图：（不同的颜色，但同样的问题）

答案

for循环中用于坐标的值已被破坏。另外，您使用的是plt.colorbar而不是类似fig.colorbar的清洁剂。尝试一下（它可以完成工作，而无需花费任何精力清理代码）：

def heatmap_binary(df,
            edgecolors='w',
            #cmap=mpl.cm.RdYlGn,
            log=False):    
    width = len(df.columns)/7*10
    height = len(df.index)/7*10

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(20,10))#(figsize=(width,height))

    cmap, norm = mcolors.from_levels_and_colors([0, 0.05, 1],['Teal', 'MidnightBlue'] ) # ['MidnightBlue', Teal]['Darkgreen', 'Darkred']

    heatmap = ax.pcolor(df ,
                        edgecolors=edgecolors,  # put white lines between squares in heatmap
                        cmap=cmap,
                        norm=norm)
    data = df.values
    for y in range(data.shape[0]):
        for x in range(data.shape[1]):
            plt.text(x + 0.5 , y + 0.5, '%.4f' % data[y, x], #data[y,x] +0.05 , data[y,x] + 0.05
                 horizontalalignment='center',
                 verticalalignment='center',
                 color='w')


    ax.autoscale(tight=True)  # get rid of whitespace in margins of heatmap
    ax.set_aspect('equal')  # ensure heatmap cells are square
    ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('top')  # put column labels at the top
    ax.tick_params(bottom='off', top='off', left='off', right='off')  # turn off ticks

    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(len(df.index)) + 0.5)
    ax.set_yticklabels(df.index, size=20)
    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(len(df.columns)) + 0.5)
    ax.set_xticklabels(df.columns, rotation=90, size= 15)

    # ugliness from http://matplotlib.org/users/tight_layout_guide.html
    from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable
    divider = make_axes_locatable(ax)
    cax = divider.append_axes("right", "3%", pad="1%")
    fig.colorbar(heatmap, cax=cax)

然后

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.choice([0, 0.75], size=(4,5)), columns=list('ABCDE'), index=list('WXYZ'))
heatmap_binary(df1)

给予：

另一答案

此功能由seaborn软件包提供。它可以产生类似

的地图

seaborn的示例用法是>

import seaborn as sns
sns.set()

# Load the example flights dataset and conver to long-form
flights_long = sns.load_dataset("flights")
flights = flights_long.pivot("month", "year", "passengers")

# Draw a heatmap with the numeric values in each cell
sns.heatmap(flights, annot=True, fmt="d", linewidths=.5)

另一答案

这是因为您添加了另一个轴后正在使用plt.text。

另一答案

您还可以使用plotly.figure_factory