python day18
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Web框架
请求周期
处理用户请求 放置html模版 操作数据库
Controllers Views Modals
Views Template Modals
MVC/MTV
Django => MTV
Django
1.安装
pip3 install Django==1.10 或 pip3 install Django
2.创建project
django-admin.py startproject mysite
目录结构
mysite
mysite
- settings.py # 配置文件
- urls.py # 路由系统(调度)
- wsgi.py # WSGI
managel.py # django程序启动文件
3.创建APP
所有APP共享project
cd mysite
python3 manage.py startapp cmdb
cmdb
__init__.py
admin.py # WEB后台管理
apps.py # 当前app配置文件
models.py # 数据库管理，自动创建数据结构
tests.py # 单元测试，测试你的某个功能
views.py # 业务请求处理
4.编写代码
urls.py
views.py
(1) 配置路由关系 urls.py
urls.py
from cmdb import views #导入views模块
urlpatterns = [
# url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
url(r\'^index/\', views.index), # 配置映射关系,逗号前是url，逗号后为交给某一函数(view模块的index函数)
]
(2) 配置业务请求处理 views.py
views.py 创建对应自己的函数
cmdb 的 views 处理用户请求，必须为函数
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse # 导入处理模块
# Create your views here.
# 处理用户请求
def index(request): # 处理函数，用户请求放入request中
return HttpResponse(\'123\') # 处理字符串，必须放在HttpResponse才能识别
5.启动Django程序
python3 manage.py runserver 8000
python manage.py runserver #测试 启动web服务器，只允许本地访问
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080 #允许所有
6.访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
7.使用模板
settings配置
指定Template目录，告诉django配置文件在那里
render传递数据给html (request,\'路径\')
(1) Template # 放置HTML模版，可新建
index.html # 手动创建
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: red">123</h1>
</body>
</html>
(2) views #配置业务请求处理，指定html文件，在cmdb目录下
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse(\'123\')
return render(request,\'index.html\') #使用render方法指定html
(3) 启动并访问
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
8. 静态文件配置
(1) statics # 手动创建，在mysite主目录创建
jquery-1.8.2.min.js # 存入jquery文件
(2) index.html 指定statics
<script src="/statics/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
(3) settings 指定statics,在文件最后添加
(1) 指定静态文件目录
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,\'statics\'),
)
(2) 指定HTML引用静态文件的前缀，可选项，非必选
STATIC_URL = \'/fff/\' #指定前缀为fff
(4) index.html 引用前缀
<script src="/fff/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
(5) 访问
F12 --- Elements----/fff/jquery-1.1.8.2.min.js----右键---open link in new tab打开成功即可
9.表单操作及页面展示(内存版)
(1)表单页面
<body>
<h1>用户输入：</h1>
{#以POST方式提交#}
<form action="/index/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="user"/>
<input type="test" name="email"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
(2)views处理
# 判断用户是否是POST请求
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse(\'123\')
# 判断
if (request.method == \'POST\'):
user = request.POST.get(\'user\', None)
email = request.POST.get(\'email\', None)
print(user, email)
return render(request,\'index.html\')
直接访问会提交会报错，是DJANGO提供的跨站请求伪造，可以通过settings修改处理
Forbidden (403)
CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.
(3)settings修改
MIDDLEWARE 或 MIDDLEWARE-CLASSES 列表注释掉 django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware 这一行
MIDDLEWARE = [
\'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware\',
\'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware\',
\'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware\',
# \'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware\',
\'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\',
\'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware\',
\'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware\',
]
(4)页面提交
提交内容为 123 123
后台接收到数据
123 123
[31/Aug/2016 23:13:28] "POST /index/ HTTP/1.1" 200 339
(5)数据展示
(1)views 处理数据
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# 1. 处理用户请求 u1和e1为两列，u1和u2为两行
USER_INPUT = [
{\'user\':\'u1\', \'email\': \'e1\'},
{\'user\':\'u2\', \'email\': \'e2\'},
]
def index(request):
# ...
# 判断用户是否是POST请求
if(request.method == \'POST\'):
user = request.POST.get(\'user\',None)
email = request.POST.get(\'email\',None)
temp = {\'user\': user, \'email\': email}
USER_INPUT.append(temp) # 2. 追加到列表
# request.POST.get(\'pwd\',None)
# return HttpResponse(\'123\')
# 模版引擎
# 获取index.html模版 + {\'data\': USER_INPUT } ==》 渲染
# 字符串
#传递给HTML
return render(request, \'index.html\', {\'data\': USER_INPUT }) # 3. 传递给HTML使用data指定USER_INPUT列表
(2)HTML 编写代码，按django方式对数据进行for循环生成列表(取的是views里的data和USER_INPUT数据)
django的for循环必须有开始有结束{% for item in data %}, {% endfor %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户输入：</h1>
{#以POST方式提交#}
<form action="/index/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="user"/>
<input type="test" name="email"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
<h1>数据展示：</h1>
<table border="1">
{% for item in data %}
{# tr为行，td为列#}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.user }}</td>
<td>{{ item.email }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
<script src="/fff/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
页面初始列表样式
－－－－
｜u1｜e1｜
｜－－－｜
｜u2｜e2｜
－－－－
(3)提交数据到内存，输入内容后提交后在表格显示
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
10.连接数据库
默认使用sqlite数据库
ORM 数据结构管理 models.py
settings
(1)models.py #配置数据库，创建类，生成数据库UserInfo表，指定字符长度
class UserInfo(models.Model):
user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
(2)注册app:
settings.py # 指定APP名字
INSTALLED_APPS = [
\'django.contrib.admin\',
\'django.contrib.auth\',
\'django.contrib.contenttypes\',
\'django.contrib.sessions\',
\'django.contrib.messages\',
\'django.contrib.staticfiles\',
\'cmdb\',
]
(3)执行命令，创建库和表
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
两条命令完自动创建UserInfo表
返回结果：
makemigrations返回结果
Migrations for \'cmdb\':
cmdb\\migrations\\0001_initial.py:
- Create model UserInfo
migrate返回结果
Applying cmdb.0001_initial... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
11.操作数据库
创建：
models.类.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
获取：
models.类.objects.all()
models.UserInfo.objects.all()
(1)views 处理
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from cmdb import models # 1.导入models数据库模块
# 处理用户请求
def index(request):
# ...
# 判断用户是否是POST请求
# return redirect(\'http://baidu.com\')
# return redirect(\'\')
if(request.method == \'POST\'):
u = request.POST.get(\'user\',None)
e = request.POST.get(\'email\',None)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e) # 2. Post提交数据，使数据库出现内容
# request.POST.get(\'pwd\',None)
# return HttpResponse(\'123\')
# 模版引擎
# 获取index.html模版 + {\'data\': USER_INPUT } ==》 渲染
# 字符串
data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() # 3. 取UserInfo表数据,get取数据，对于ORM每一行数据都是它的对像
# [UserInfo对象，UserInfo对象，。。。] 每一行数据里都是一个对像
# for item in data_list:
# print(item.user,item.email)
#传递给HTML
return render(request, \'index.html\', {\'data\': data_list }) # 4. 传递给HTML使用data_list指定USER_INPUT列表
(2)HTML文件
index.html 循环data_list，取每一行对像数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户输入：</h1>
<form action="/index/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="text" name="email" />
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
<h1>数据展示：</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
</tr>
{% for line in data %}
<tr>
<td>{{ line.user }}</td>
<td>{{ line.email }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
<script src="/fff/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
(3)访问提交数据到库
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
django-admin.py startproject mysite
python3 manage.py startapp app1
一、路由系统
二级页面 对应urls函数
urls.py views.py
from app1 import views
1. 配置路由系统urls.py
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
url(r\'^index/\', views.f1),
url(r\'^login/\', views.login),
url(r\'^detail/(\\d+)/\', views.detail),
url(r\'^detail2/(\\d+)/(\\d+)/\', views.detail2),
url(r\'^detail2/(?P<p1>\\d+)/(?P<x2>\\d+)/\', views.detail3),
]
2. 业务处理 views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def f1(request):
return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
def login(request):
return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
def detail(request,nid):
print(nid)
return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
# detail2(1,2)
def detail2(request,xid,nnid):
print(xid,nnid)
return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
# detail3(x2=234,p1=123)
def detail3(request,p1,x2):
print(p1,x2)
return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
3.页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/123/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail2/123/12313/
分页查看，资源信息管理
1.路由系统
--------urls.py
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
# url(r\'^index/\', views.f1),
# url(r\'^login/\', views.login),
# url(r\'^detail/(\\d+)/\', views.detail),
# url(r\'^detail2/(\\d+)/(\\d+)/\', views.detail2),
# url(r\'^detail3/(?P<p1>\\d+)/(?P<x2>\\d+)/\', views.detail3),
url(r\'^index/(\\d+)/\', views.index),
url(r\'^detail/(\\d+)/\', views.detail),
]
2.业务函数处理
-------views.py
USER_LIST = []
for item in range(94):
temp = {"id":item,\'username\':\'alex\'+str(item),\'email\':\'email\'+str(item)}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
def index(request,page):
print(page)
# 1,0-9
# 2,10-19
# 3,20-29
page = int(page)
start = (page-1) * 10
end = page * 10
user_list = USER_LIST[start:end]
# return HttpResponse(\'OK\')
return render(request,\'index.html\',{\'user_list\':user_list})
def detail(request,nid):
nid = int(nid)
current_detail_dict = USER_LIST[nid]
return render(request,\'detail.html\',{\'current_detail_dict\':current_detail_dict})
3.两个html
--------index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>ID</td>
<td>用户名</td>
<td>详细</td>
</tr>
{% for item in user_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.id }}</td>
<td>{{ item.username }}</td>
<td><a href="/detail/{{ item.id }}/">查看详细</a></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</body>
</html>
--------detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>
{{ current_detail_dict.id }}
</li>
<li>
{{ current_detail_dict.username }}
</li>
<li>
{{ current_detail_dict.email }}
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
4. 页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/1/ 或 http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/22/
ID 用户名 详细
0 alex0 查看详细
1 alex1 查看详细
2 alex2 查看详细
3 alex3 查看详细
4 alex4 查看详细
5 alex5 查看详细
6 alex6 查看详细
7 alex7 查看详细
8 alex8 查看详细
9 alex9 查看详细
点击“详细信息”
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/0/
0
alex0
email0
自定义方法
filter # 过滤
simple_tag # 帮助标签
1.创建指定文件，名称不能改 templatetags
2.创建任意.py 文件，如：xx.py
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# from django.template.base import resolve_variable,Node,TemplateSyntaxError
# from django.template.base import Node,TemplateSyntaxError
# 必须不变
register = template.Library()
# 创建函数
@register.filter
def f1(value,arg):
return value + "666" + arg
@register.simple_tag
def f2(s1,s2,s3,s4):
return s1 + s2 + s3 + s4
@register.filter
def f3(value):
if value == \'VVV\':
return True
return False
3.在html模板头部执行
加入此内容 {% load xx %}
mysite/template.html
{% load xx %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{{ k1 }}
{{ k2.1 }}
{% for item in k2 %}
<p>{{ item }},{{ forloop.counter }},{{ forloop.counter0 }},{{ forloop.first }},{{ forloop.last }},{{ forloop.revcounter }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% if k1 == \'v1\' %}
<h1>V1</h1>
{% elif k1 == \'v2\' %}
<h1>V2</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>7777</h1>
{% endif %}
{{ k1 }}
{{ k1|lower }}
{{ k1|f1:"alex" }}
{% if k1|f3 %}
<h1>True</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>False</h1>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>
4. setting.py 中注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
\'django.contrib.admin\',
\'django.contrib.auth\',
\'django.contrib.contenttypes\',
\'django.contrib.sessions\',
\'django.contrib.messages\',
\'django.contrib.staticfiles\',
\'app1\'
]
5. views.py
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# from django.template.base import resolve_variable,Node,TemplateSyntaxError
from django.template.base import Node,TemplateSyntaxError
register = template.Library()
@register.filter
def f1(value, arg):
return value + "666" + arg
@register.simple_tag
def f2(s1,s2,s3, s4):
return s1 + s2 + s3 + s4
@register.filter
def f3(value):
if value == \'VVV\':
return True
return False
@register.simple_tag
def f4(value):
if value == \'VVV\':
return True
return False
6.app1创建urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
#路由系统
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r\'^index/(\\d+)/\', views.index),
# url(r\'^detail/(\\d+)/\', views.detail),
url(r\'^template/\', views.template),
]
7.myste的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include #想自定义必须使用include
urlpatterns = [
# url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
# url(r\'^index/\', views.f1),
# url(r\'^login/\', views.login),
# url(r\'^detail/(\\d+)/\', views.detail),
# url(r\'^detail2/(\\d+)/(\\d+)/\', views.detail2),
# url(r\'^detail3/(?P<p1>\\d+)/(?P<x2>\\d+)/\', views.detail3),
# url(r\'^index/(\\d+)/\', views.index),
# url(r\'^detail/(\\d+)/\', views.detail),
url(r\'^web/\', include(\'app1.urls\')),
]
8. mysite的apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class App1Config(AppConfig):
name = \'app1\'
9.页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/web/template/
VVVV 22
11,1,0,True,False,3
22,2,1,False,False,2
33,3,2,False,True,1
7777
VVVV vvvv VVVV666alex
False
后台管理系统,block模板使用
views.py
def assets(request):
assets_list = []
for i in range(10):
&
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