Python中,添加写入数据到已经存在的Excel的xls文件,即打开excel文件,写入新数据
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背景
Python中,想要打开已经存在的excel的xls文件,然后在最后新的一行的数据。
折腾过程
1.找到了参考资料:
writing to existing workbook using xlwt
其实是没有直接实现:
打开已有的excel文件,然后在文件最后写入,添加新数据
的函数的。
只不过,可以利用:
Working with Excel Files in Python
中的库,组合实现。
2. writing to existing workbook using xlwt
给出了示例代码:
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START_ROW = 297 # 0 based (subtract 1 from excel row number) col_age_november = 1 col_summer1 = 2 col_fall1 = 3 rb = open_workbook(file_path,formatting_info = True ) r_sheet = rb.sheet_by_index( 0 ) # read only copy to introspect the file wb = copy(rb) # a writable copy (I can‘t read values out of this, only write to it) w_sheet = wb.get_sheet( 0 ) # the sheet to write to within the writable copy for row_index in range (START_ROW, r_sheet.nrows): age_nov = r_sheet.cell(row_index, col_age_november).value if age_nov = = 3 : #If 3, then Combo I 3-4 year old for both summer1 and fall1 w_sheet.write(row_index, col_summer1, ‘Combo I 3-4 year old‘ ) w_sheet.write(row_index, col_fall1, ‘Combo I 3-4 year old‘ ) wb.save(file_path + ‘.out‘ + os.path.splitext(file_path)[ - 1 ]) |
3. 刚又看到,有更简洁的代码:
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from xlutils.copy import copy w = copy( ‘book1.xls‘ ) w.get_sheet( 0 ).write( 0 , 0 , "foo" ) w.save( ‘book2.xls‘ ) |
4.现在打算去试试。
先去安装xlrd:
6.再去安装xlutils:
【记录】Python中安装可以读写excel的xls文件的xlutils模块(需依赖于xlrd和xlwt)
7.接着可以去写代码了。
8.先是:
【已解决】Python中使用xlutils.copy出错:AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘copy’
9.后是:
【已解决】Python中使用xlutils的copy出错:AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘datemode’
10.后来是用如下代码:
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import xlwt; import xlrd; #import xlutils; from xlutils.copy import copy; #init xls file #styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf(‘pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;‘); #styleBold = xlwt.easyxf(‘font: bold on‘); styleBoldRed = xlwt.easyxf( ‘font: color-index red, bold on‘ ); headerStyle = styleBoldRed; wb = xlwt.Workbook(); ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘sheetName‘ ]); ws.write( 0 , 0 , "Header" , headerStyle); ws.write( 0 , 1 , "CatalogNumber" , headerStyle); ws.write( 0 , 2 , "PartNumber" , headerStyle); wb.save(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); #open existed xls file #newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst[‘xls‘][‘fileName‘]); #newWb = copy(gConst[‘xls‘][‘fileName‘]); oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940> newWb = copy(oldWb); print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470> newWs = newWb.get_sheet( 0 ); newWs.write( 1 , 0 , "value1" ); newWs.write( 1 , 1 , "value2" ); newWs.write( 1 , 2 , "value3" ); print "write new values ok" ; newWb.save(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); print "save with same name ok" ; |
实现了,打开,刚刚保存的,已经存在的xls文件,
然后写入新数据的目的。
但是有个缺点,
第一次保存时的,带格式(标题内容为红色粗体)的内容:
重新写入新数据,再保存时,却丢失了之前的格式(标题没了红色粗体了):
11.后来还是参考:
writing to existing workbook using xlwt
中的那个标准答案,在用xlrd.open_workbook时,添加对应的参数formatting_info=True,就可以保留原有格式了。
完整代码:
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import xlwt; import xlrd; #import xlutils; from xlutils.copy import copy; #init xls file #styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf(‘pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;‘); #styleBold = xlwt.easyxf(‘font: bold on‘); styleBoldRed = xlwt.easyxf( ‘font: color-index red, bold on‘ ); headerStyle = styleBoldRed; wb = xlwt.Workbook(); ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘sheetName‘ ]); ws.write( 0 , 0 , "Header" , headerStyle); ws.write( 0 , 1 , "CatalogNumber" , headerStyle); ws.write( 0 , 2 , "PartNumber" , headerStyle); wb.save(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); #open existed xls file #newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst[‘xls‘][‘fileName‘]); #newWb = copy(gConst[‘xls‘][‘fileName‘]); oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ], formatting_info = True ); print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940> newWb = copy(oldWb); print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470> newWs = newWb.get_sheet( 0 ); newWs.write( 1 , 0 , "value1" ); newWs.write( 1 , 1 , "value2" ); newWs.write( 1 , 2 , "value3" ); print "write new values ok" ; newWb.save(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); print "save with same name ok" ; |
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最后重新写入的数据,就可以保留之前的格式了(标题为红色粗体):
总结
python中操作,本身就复杂的xls文件,还是有点小麻烦的。
想要,往已经存在的xls文件中,写入新的行,新的数据,对应的逻辑为:
- 用xlrd.open_workbook打开已有的xsl文件
- 注意添加参数formatting_info=True,得以保存之前数据的格式
- 然后用,from xlutils.copy import copy;,之后的copy去从打开的xlrd的Book变量中,拷贝出一份,成为新的xlwt的Workbook变量
- 然后对于xlwt的Workbook变量,就是正常的:
- 通过get_sheet去获得对应的sheet
- 拿到sheet变量后,就可以往sheet中,写入新的数据
- 写完新数据后,最终save保存
相关完整代码为:
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import xlwt; import xlrd; #import xlutils; from xlutils.copy import copy; styleBoldRed = xlwt.easyxf( ‘font: color-index red, bold on‘ ); headerStyle = styleBoldRed; wb = xlwt.Workbook(); ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘sheetName‘ ]); ws.write( 0 , 0 , "Header" , headerStyle); ws.write( 0 , 1 , "CatalogNumber" , headerStyle); ws.write( 0 , 2 , "PartNumber" , headerStyle); wb.save(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); #open existed xls file #newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst[‘xls‘][‘fileName‘]); #newWb = copy(gConst[‘xls‘][‘fileName‘]); oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ], formatting_info = True ); print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940> newWb = copy(oldWb); print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470> newWs = newWb.get_sheet( 0 ); newWs.write( 1 , 0 , "value1" ); newWs.write( 1 , 1 , "value2" ); newWs.write( 1 , 2 , "value3" ); print "write new values ok" ; newWb.save(gConst[ ‘xls‘ ][ ‘fileName‘ ]); print "save with same name ok" ; |
其中,关于如何下载和安装对应的库,可参考:
【记录】Python中安装可以读写excel的xls文件的xlutils模块(需依赖于xlrd和xlwt)
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