IOs动画的那些事儿
Posted 红凉梦
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CoreAnimation介绍
1:Core Animation是直接作用在CALayer上的(并非UIView上)非常强大的跨Mac OS X和ios平台的动画处理API,Core Animation的动画执行过程都是在后台操作的,不会阻塞主线程。CAAnimation分为这4种,他们分别是:
- CABasicAnimation---基本动画
- CAKeyframeAnimation---关键帧动画
- CAAnimationGroup---动画组
- CATransition---转场动画
CABasicAnimation(基本动画)
属性说明:
keyPath :要改变的属性名称(传字符串)
fromValue:keyPath相应属性的初始值
toValue:keyPath相应属性的结束值
动画过程说明:
随着动画的进行,在长度为duration的持续时间内,keyPath相应属性的值从fromValue渐渐地变为toValue
keyPath内容是CALayer的动画Animatable属性
animationWithKeyPath的值:
transform.rotation.x 围绕x轴翻转 参数:角度 angle2Radian(4)
transform.rotation.y 围绕y轴翻转 参数:同上
transform.rotation.z 围绕z轴翻转 参数:同上
transform.rotation 默认围绕z轴
transform.scale.x x方向缩放 参数:缩放比例 1.5
transform.scale.y y方向缩放 参数:同上
transform.scale.z z方向缩放 参数:同上
transform.scale 所有方向缩放 参数:同上
transform.translation.x x方向移动 参数:x轴上的坐标 100
transform.translation.y x方向移动 参数:y轴上的坐标
transform.translation.z x方向移动 参数:z轴上的坐标
transform.translation 移动 参数:移动到的点 (100,100)
opacity 透明度 参数:透明度 0.5
backgroundColor 背景颜色 参数:颜色 (id)[[UIColor redColor] CGColor]
cornerRadius 圆角 参数:圆角半径 5
borderWidth 边框宽度 参数:边框宽度 5
bounds 大小 参数:CGRect
contents 内容 参数:CGImage
contentsRect 可视内容 参数:CGRect 值是0~1之间的小数
hidden 是否隐藏
实例:
CALayer *myLayer = [CALayer layer];
myLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor].CGColor;
myLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 100, 120, 120);
myLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
[self.view.layer addSublayer:myLayer];
//移动
CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
animation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:myLayer.position];
animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(myLayer.position.x+100, 100)];
//以X轴旋转
CABasicAnimation *rotationAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.x"];
rotationAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0];
rotationAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:6.0*M_PI];
//放大缩小
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale.x"];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:2];
//组合动画
CAAnimationGroup *group = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
group.autoreverses = YES; //完成动画后同样反向也执行动画
group.duration = 2.0; //动画时间
group.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:animation,rotationAnimation,scaleAnimation, nil];
group.repeatCount = 3;
/**
* PS:动画结束以后,他会返回到自己原来的frame,如果想保持动画结束时的状态
* 添加下面属性,并且此时要保证autoreverses属性为NO,另外组合动画的属性设
* 置同样也适用于单个动画的设置
* group.removedOnCompletion = NO;
* group.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
*/
//添加动画
[myLayer addAnimation:group forKey:@"MyLayerAnimation"];
CAKeyframeAnimation关键帧动画
CABasicAnimation只能从一个数值(fromValue)变到另一个数值(toValue),而CAKeyframeAnimation会使用一个NSArray保存这些数值
属性说明:
values:上述的NSArray对象。里面的元素称为“关键帧”(keyframe)。动画对象会在指定的时间(duration)内,依次显示values数组中的每一个关键帧
path:可以设置一个CGPathRef、CGMutablePathRef,让图层按照路径轨迹移动。path只对CALayer的anchorPoint和position起作用。如果设置了path,那么values将被忽略
keyTimes:可以为对应的关键帧指定对应的时间点,其取值范围为0到1.0,keyTimes中的每一个时间值都对应values中的每一帧。如果没有设置keyTimes,各个关键帧的时间是平分的,CABasicAnimation可看做是只有2个关键帧的CAKeyframeAnimation。Timing Function的作用:
Timing Function的会被用于变化起点和终点之间的插值计算.形象点说是Timing Function决定了动画运行的节奏(Pacing),比如是均匀变化(相同时间变化量相同),先快后慢,先慢后快还是先慢再快再慢.
时间函数是使用的一段函数来描述的,横座标是时间t取值范围是0.0-1.0,纵座标是变化量x(t)也是取值范围也是0.0-1.0 假设有一个动画,duration是8秒,变化值的起点是a终点是b(假设是透明度),那么在4秒处的值是多少呢? 可以通过计算为 a + x(4/8) * (b-a), 为什么这么计算呢?讲实现的时间映射到单位值的时候4秒相对于总时间8秒就是0.5然后可以得到0.5的时候单位变化量是 x(0.5), x(0.5)/1 = 实际变化量/(b-a), 其中b-a为总变化量,所以实际变化量就是x(0.5) * (b-a) ,最后4秒时的值就是 a + x(0.5) * (b-a),所以计算的本质是映射.
五种预定义的时间函数名字的常量变量分别为
- kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear
- kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseIn
- kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut
- kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut
- kCAMediaTimingFunctionDefault
下图展示了前面四种Timing Function的曲线图,横座标表示时间,纵座标表示变化量,这点需要搞清楚(并不是平面座标系中xy).
实例:分别使用属性values及path两种的效果;围绕的点视图块进行转动效果;
//values方式
-(void)animationValues
{
UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 350, 50, 50)];
myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
[self.view addSubview:myView];
CAKeyframeAnimation *keyAnimation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];
keyAnimation.keyPath = @"position";
NSValue *value1 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(100, 100)];
NSValue *value2 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(200, 100)];
NSValue *value3 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(200, 200)];
NSValue *value4 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(100, 200)];
NSValue *value5 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(100, 100)];
keyAnimation.values = @[value1,value2,value3,value4,value5];
keyAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT; //循环次数
keyAnimation.removedOnCompletion = NO;
keyAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
keyAnimation.duration = 4.0;
keyAnimation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionDefault];
keyAnimation.delegate = self;
[myView.layer addAnimation:keyAnimation forKey:nil];
}
//path方式
-(void)animationPath
{
UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 350, 50, 50)];
myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
[self.view addSubview:myView];
CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];
animation.keyPath = @"position";
CGMutablePathRef path=CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathAddEllipseInRect(path, NULL, CGRectMake(50, 100, 220, 180));
animation.path=path;
CGPathRelease(path);
animation.repeatCount=MAXFLOAT;
animation.removedOnCompletion = NO;
animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
animation.duration = 4.0f;
animation.timingFunction=[CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
animation.delegate=self;
[myView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];
}
CAAnimationGroup(动画组)
动画组,是CAAnimation的子类,可以保存一组动画对象,将CAAnimationGroup对象加入层后,组中所有动画对象可以同时并发运行
属性说明:
animations:用来保存一组动画对象的NSArray
默认情况下,一组动画对象是同时运行的,也可以通过设置动画对象的beginTime属性来更改动画的开始时间
实例:创建一组动画效果,多个动画一起
-(void)animationGroup
{
UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 350, 50, 50)];
myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
[self.view addSubview:myView];
//贝塞尔曲线路径
UIBezierPath *movePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
[movePath moveToPoint:CGPointMake(50.0, 50.0)];
[movePath addQuadCurveToPoint:CGPointMake(130, 350) controlPoint:CGPointMake(300, 100)];
//关键帧动画(位置)
CAKeyframeAnimation * posAnim = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
posAnim.path = movePath.CGPath;
posAnim.removedOnCompletion = YES;
//缩放动画
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform"];
scaleAnim.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DIdentity];
scaleAnim.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DMakeScale(0.1, 0.1, 1.0)];
scaleAnim.removedOnCompletion = YES;
//透明动画
CABasicAnimation *opacityAnim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"alpha"];
opacityAnim.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
opacityAnim.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.1];
opacityAnim.removedOnCompletion = YES;
//动画组
CAAnimationGroup *animGroup = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
animGroup.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:posAnim, scaleAnim, opacityAnim, nil];
animGroup.duration = 5;
animGroup.autoreverses = NO;
animGroup.removedOnCompletion = NO;
animGroup.fillMode = kCAFillModeRemoved;
[myView.layer addAnimation:animGroup forKey:nil];
}
//=+=================================================
CATransition(转场动画) 动画属性: type:动画过渡类型 subtype:动画过渡方向 startProgress:动画起点(在整体动画的百分比) endProgress:动画终点(在整体动画的百分比) subtype:动画过渡方向(默认为nil,如果指定了filter,那么该属性无效,kCATransitionFromRight,kCATransitionFromLeft,kCATransitionFromTop,kCATransitionFromBottom;分别表示:过渡从右边、左边、顶部、底部 开始) 转场动画的类型(NSString *type),还有很多私有API类型 fade : 交叉淡化过渡 push : 新视图把旧视图推出去 moveIn: 新视图移到旧视图上面 reveal: 将旧视图移开,显示下面的新视图 cube : 立方体翻滚效果 oglFlip : 上下左右翻转效果 suckEffect : 收缩效果,如一块布被抽走 rippleEffect: 水滴效果 pageCurl : 向上翻页效果 pageUnCurl : 向下翻页效果 cameraIrisHollowOpen : 相机镜头打开效果 cameraIrisHollowClos : 相机镜头关闭效果 实例:两个动画效果,一个向上运动,一个向下运动的效果 //从下往上运动 -(void)animationTransition { //y点就是当要运动后到的Y值 UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.view.bounds.size.height-250, self.view.bounds.size.width, 250)]; myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor]; [self.view addSubview:myView]; CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation]; animation.duration = 1; animation.timingFunction = UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut; animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; animation.type = kCATransitionMoveIn; animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft; //添加动画 [myView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil]; } //从上往下运动 -(void)animationPushTransition { //y点就是当要运动后到的Y值 UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.view.bounds.size.height, self.view.bounds.size.width, 250)]; myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor]; [self.view addSubview:myView]; CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation]; animation.duration = 4.0; animation.timingFunction = UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut; animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; animation.type = kCATransitionPush; animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromBottom; //添加动画 [myView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil]; }
#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () - (IBAction)previous; - (IBAction)next; @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *iconView; /** * 当前图片的索引 */ @property (nonatomic, assign) int index; @end @implementation ViewController - (IBAction)previous{ self.index--; if (self.index == -1){ self.index = 8; } NSString *filename = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg", self.index + 1]; self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:filename]; CATransition *anim = [CATransition animation]; anim.type = @"cube"; // anim.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft; // anim.type = @"pageUnCurl"; anim.duration = 0.5; [self.view.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil]; } - (IBAction)next { self.index++; if (self.index == 9) { self.index = 0; } NSString *filename = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg", self.index + 1]; self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:filename]; // 转场动画 两个界面之间的过渡动画 CATransition *anim = [CATransition animation]; anim.type = @"pageCurl"; /* Common transition subtypes. CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromRight __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0); CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromLeft __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0); CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromTop __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0); CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromBottom __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0);*/ // anim.subtype = kCATransitionFromRight; //方向 anim.duration = 0.5; // anim.startProgress = 0.0; // // anim.endProgress = 0.5; [self.view.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil]; } /*********************************************************/ /* 过渡效果 fade //交叉淡化过渡(不支持过渡方向) kCATransitionFade push //新视图把旧视图推出去 kCATransitionPush moveIn //新视图移到旧视图上面 kCATransitionMoveIn reveal //将旧视图移开,显示下面的新视图 kCATransitionReveal cube //立方体翻滚效果 oglFlip //上下左右翻转效果 suckEffect //收缩效果,如一块布被抽走(不支持过渡方向) rippleEffect //滴水效果(不支持过渡方向) pageCurl //向上翻页效果 pageUnCurl //向下翻页效果 cameraIrisHollowOpen //相机镜头打开效果(不支持过渡方向) cameraIrisHollowClose //相机镜头关上效果(不支持过渡方向)*/ /* 过渡方向 kCATransitionFromRight kCATransitionFromLeft kCATransitionFromBottom kCATransitionFromTop*/ /** CATransition的使用 CATransition *anim = [CATransition animation]; anim.type = @“cube”; // 动画过渡类型 anim.subtype = kCATransitionFromTop; // 动画过渡方向 anim.duration = 1; // 动画持续1s // 代理,动画执行完毕后会调用delegate的animationDidStop:finished: anim.delegate = self; /*******中间穿插改变layer属性的代码 [layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil]; **********/ /*********************************************************/ @end
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