ubuntu编译安装postgresql及主从配置

Posted 2020-08-07

操作系统版本    Ubuntu 14.04

数据库软件版本     postgresql-9.4.7.tar.gz

安装方式    编译安装

软件安装目录    /usr/local/pgsql

数据存放目录    /service/postgresql/data

日志存放目录    /service/postgresql/archive

1、安装依赖包

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install  libreadline6-dev

sudo apt-get install  zlib1g-dev

sudo apt-get install  openssl

sudo apt-get install  libssl-dev

sudo apt-get install  libpam-dev

sudo apt-get install  libxml2-dev 

sudo apt-get install  libxslt1-dev

sudo apt-get install  tcl-dev

sudo apt-get install  libperl-dev

sudo apt-get install  python-dev

2、编译安装软件和第三方工具

cd /usr/local/src

sudo wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.7/postgresql-9.4.7.tar.gz

sudo tar xf  postgresql-9.4.7.tar.gz

cd  postgresql-9.4.7

./configure\

  --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql\

  --with-pgport=5432\

  --with-perl\

  --with-tcl\

  --with-python\

  --with-openssl\

  --with-pam\

  --without-ldap\

  --with-libxml\

  --with-libxslt\

  --with-blocksize=8\

  --enable-thread-safety

sudo make -j 4 && sudo make install

cd /usr/local/src/postgresql-9.4.7/contrib

make -j 4

sudo make install 

3、创建postgresql用户并设置密码 （密码需要记录）

sudo useradd  postgres

sudo passwd   postgres  

4、安装第三方工具

cd /usr/local/src/postgresql-9.4.7/contrib/pg_stat_statements/

sudo make -j 4 && sudo make install

5、创建目录

sudo mkdir  -p  /var/run/postgresql/9.4-main.pg_stat_tmp/

sudo mkdir  -p  /service/postgresql/data

sudo mkdir  -p  /service/postgresql/archive

sudo chown  postgres.postgres /var/run/postgresql/ -R 

sudo chown  postgres.postgres /service/postgresql/data -R 

sudo chown  postgres.postgres /service/postgresql/archive -R

6、初始化数据库

su postgres

cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/

initdb -D /service/postgresql/data/ -E UTF-8  --locale=en_US.UTF-8

7、编辑配置文件

（1）修改主库的配置文件

vim /service/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf

# -----------------------------

# PostgreSQL configuration file

# -----------------------------

#

# This file consists of lines of the form:

#

#   name = value

#

# (The "=" is optional.)  Whitespace may be used.  Comments are introduced with

# "#" anywhere on a line.  The complete list of parameter names and allowed

# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.

#

# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.

# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;

# you need to reload the server.

#

# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP

# signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the

# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload".  Some

# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to

# take effect.

#

# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,

# "postgres -c log_connections=on".  Some parameters can be changed at run time

# with the "SET" SQL command.

#

# Memory units:  kB = kilobytes        Time units:  ms  = milliseconds

#                MB = megabytes                     s   = seconds

#                GB = gigabytes                     min = minutes

#                TB = terabytes                     h   = hours

#                                                   d   = days

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# FILE LOCATIONS

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line

# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

data_directory = ‘/service/postgres/data‘ # use data in another directory

# (change requires restart)

hba_file = ‘/service/postgres/data/pg_hba.conf‘ # host-based authentication file

# (change requires restart)

ident_file = ‘/service/postgres/data/pg_ident.conf‘ # ident configuration file

# (change requires restart)

# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.

external_pid_file = ‘/var/run/postgres/9.4-main.pid‘ # write an extra PID file

# (change requires restart)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Connection Settings -

listen_addresses = ‘*‘ # what IP address(es) to listen on;

# comma-separated list of addresses;

# defaults to ‘localhost‘; use ‘*‘ for all

# (change requires restart)

port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

max_connections = 1000 # (change requires restart)

# Note:  Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per

# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).

#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)

#unix_socket_directories = ‘/tmp‘ # comma-separated list of directories

# (change requires restart)

unix_socket_directories = ‘/var/run/postgres‘

#unix_socket_group = ‘‘ # (change requires restart)

#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation

# (change requires restart)

#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour

# (change requires restart)

#bonjour_name = ‘‘ # defaults to the computer name

# (change requires restart)

# - Security and Authentication -

#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s

#ssl = off # (change requires restart)

#ssl_ciphers = ‘HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL‘ # allowed SSL ciphers

# (change requires restart)

#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on # (change requires restart)

#ssl_ecdh_curve = ‘prime256v1‘ # (change requires restart)

#ssl_renegotiation_limit = 0 # amount of data between renegotiations

#ssl_cert_file = ‘server.crt‘ # (change requires restart)

#ssl_key_file = ‘server.key‘ # (change requires restart)

#ssl_ca_file = ‘‘ # (change requires restart)

#ssl_crl_file = ‘‘ # (change requires restart)

#password_encryption = on

#db_user_namespace = off

# GSSAPI using Kerberos

#krb_server_keyfile = ‘‘

#krb_caseins_users = off

# - TCP Keepalives -

# see "man 7 tcp" for details

#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;

# 0 selects the system default

#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;

# 0 selects the system default

#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;

# 0 selects the system default

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Memory -

shared_buffers = 1024MB # min 128kB

# (change requires restart)

#huge_pages = try # on, off, or try

# (change requires restart)

#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB

#max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature

# (change requires restart)

max_prepared_transactions = 1500

# Note:  Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory

# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).

# It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you

# actively intend to use prepared transactions.

work_mem = 4MB # min 64kB

maintenance_work_mem = 512MB # min 1MB

#autovacuum_work_mem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem

#max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB

#dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option

# supported by the operating system:

#   posix

#   sysv

#   windows

#   mmap

# use none to disable dynamic shared memory

# - Disk -

#temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-session temp file space

# in kB, or -1 for no limit

# - Kernel Resource Usage -

#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25

# (change requires restart)

#shared_preload_libraries = ‘‘ # (change requires restart)

shared_preload_libraries = ‘pg_stat_statements‘ # (change requires restart)

pg_stat_statements.max = 10000

pg_stat_statements.track = all

# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

#vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds

#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits

#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits

#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits

#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits

# - Background Writer -

#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds

#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round

#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round

# - Asynchronous Behavior -

#effective_io_concurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching

#max_worker_processes = 8

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# WRITE AHEAD LOG

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Settings -

wal_level = hot_standby # minimal, archive, hot_standby, or logical

# (change requires restart)

#fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off

#synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;

# off, local, remote_write, or on

#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option

# supported by the operating system:

#   open_datasync

#   fdatasync (default on Linux)

#   fsync

#   fsync_writethrough

#   open_sync

#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes

#wal_log_hints = off # also do full page writes of non-critical updates

# (change requires restart)

#wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers

# (change requires restart)

#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds

#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds

#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000

# - Checkpoints -

#checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each

#checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h

#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0

#checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables

# - Archiving -

archive_mode = on # allows archiving to be done

# (change requires restart)

archive_command = ‘cp -i %p /service/postgres/archive/%f </dev/null‘ # command to use to archive a logfile segment

# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive

#               %f = file name only

# e.g. ‘test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f‘

archive_timeout = 86400 # force a logfile segment switch after this

# number of seconds; 0 disables

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# REPLICATION

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Sending Server(s) -

# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

max_wal_senders = 15 # max number of walsender processes

# (change requires restart)

wal_keep_segments = 100 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables

#wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables

#max_replication_slots = 0 # max number of replication slots

# (change requires restart)

# - Master Server -

# These settings are ignored on a standby server.

#synchronous_standby_names = ‘‘ # standby servers that provide sync rep

# comma-separated list of application_name

# from standby(s); ‘*‘ = all

#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

# - Standby Servers -

# These settings are ignored on a master server.

#hot_standby = on # "on" allows queries during recovery

# (change requires restart)

#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries

# when reading WAL from archive;

# -1 allows indefinite delay

#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries

# when reading streaming WAL;

# -1 allows indefinite delay

#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often

# 0 disables

#hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent

# query conflicts

#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for

# communication from master

# in milliseconds; 0 disables

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# QUERY TUNING

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Planner Method Configuration -

#enable_bitmapscan = on

#enable_hashagg = on

#enable_hashjoin = on

#enable_indexscan = on

#enable_indexonlyscan = on

#enable_material = on

#enable_mergejoin = on

#enable_nestloop = on

#enable_seqscan = on

#enable_sort = on

#enable_tidscan = on

# - Planner Cost Constants -

#seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale

#random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above

#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above

#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above

#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above

effective_cache_size = 4GB

# - Genetic Query Optimizer -

#geqo = on

#geqo_threshold = 12

#geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10

#geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort

#geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort

#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0

#geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0

# - Other Planner Options -

#default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000

#constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition

#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0

#from_collapse_limit = 8

#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit

# JOIN clauses

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Where to Log -

#log_destination = ‘stderr‘ # Valid values are combinations of

# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,

# depending on platform.  csvlog

# requires logging_collector to be on.

# This is used when logging to stderr:

logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog

# into log files. Required to be on for

# csvlogs.

# (change requires restart)

# These are only used if logging_collector is on:

log_directory = ‘pg_log‘ # directory where log files are written,

# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA

log_filename = ‘postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log‘ # log file name pattern,

# can include strftime() escapes

log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,

# begin with 0 to use octal notation

#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file with the

# same name as the new log file will be

# truncated rather than appended to.

# But such truncation only occurs on

# time-driven rotation, not on restarts

# or size-driven rotation.  Default is

# off, meaning append to existing files

# in all cases.

log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will

# happen after that time.  0 disables.

log_rotation_size = 100MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will

# happen after that much log output.

# 0 disables.

# These are relevant when logging to syslog:

#syslog_facility = ‘LOCAL0‘

#syslog_ident = ‘postgres‘

# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):

#event_source = ‘PostgreSQL‘

# - When to Log -

#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:

#   debug5

#   debug4

#   debug3

#   debug2

#   debug1

#   log

#   notice

#   warning

#   error

#log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:

#   debug5

#   debug4

#   debug3

#   debug2

#   debug1

#   info

#   notice

#   warning

#   error

#   log

#   fatal

#   panic

#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:

#   debug5

#   debug4

#   debug3

#   debug2

#   debug1

#   info

#   notice

#   warning

#   error

#   log

#   fatal

#   panic (effectively off)

log_min_duration_statement = 2000 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements

# and their durations, > 0 logs only

# statements running at least this number

# of milliseconds

# - What to Log -

#debug_print_parse = off

#debug_print_rewritten = off

#debug_print_plan = off

#debug_pretty_print = on

#log_checkpoints = off

#log_connections = off

#log_disconnections = off

#log_duration = off

#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages

#log_hostname = off

log_line_prefix = ‘%t [%p-%l] %q%[email protected]%d ‘ # special values:

#   %a = application name

#   %u = user name

#   %d = database name

#   %r = remote host and port

#   %h = remote host

#   %p = process ID

#   %t = timestamp without milliseconds

#   %m = timestamp with milliseconds

#   %i = command tag

#   %e = SQL state

#   %c = session ID

#   %l = session line number

#   %s = session start timestamp

#   %v = virtual transaction ID

#   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)

#   %q = stop here in non-session

#        processes

#   %% = ‘%‘

# e.g. ‘<%u%%%d> ‘

#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout

#log_statement = ‘none‘ # none, ddl, mod, all

#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger

# than the specified size in kilobytes;

# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files

log_timezone = ‘PRC‘

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# RUNTIME STATISTICS

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -

#track_activities = on

#track_counts = on

#track_io_timing = off

#track_functions = none # none, pl, all

#track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)

#update_process_title = on

#stats_temp_directory = ‘pg_stat_tmp‘

stats_temp_directory = ‘/var/run/postgres/9.4-main.pg_stat_tmp‘

# - Statistics Monitoring -

#log_parser_stats = off

#log_planner_stats = off

#log_executor_stats = off

#log_statement_stats = off

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess?  ‘on‘

# requires track_counts to also be on.

#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and

# their durations, > 0 logs only

# actions running at least this number

# of milliseconds.

#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses

# (change requires restart)

#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs

#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before

# vacuum

#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before

# analyze

#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum

#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze

#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum

# (change requires restart)

#autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum multixact age

# before forced vacuum

# (change requires restart)

#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for

# autovacuum, in milliseconds;

# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay

#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for

# autovacuum, -1 means use

# vacuum_cost_limit

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Statement Behavior -

#search_path = ‘"$user",public‘ # schema names

#default_tablespace = ‘‘ # a tablespace name, ‘‘ uses the default

#temp_tablespaces = ‘‘ # a list of tablespace names, ‘‘ uses

# only default tablespace

#check_function_bodies = on

#default_transaction_isolation = ‘read committed‘

#default_transaction_read_only = off

#default_transaction_deferrable = off

#session_replication_role = ‘origin‘

#statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

#lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000

#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000

#vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000

#vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000

#bytea_output = ‘hex‘ # hex, escape

#xmlbinary = ‘base64‘

#xmloption = ‘content‘

#gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0

# - Locale and Formatting -

#datestyle = ‘iso, mdy‘

#intervalstyle = ‘postgres‘

#timezone = ‘GMT‘

#timezone_abbreviations = ‘Default‘     # Select the set of available time zone

# abbreviations.  Currently, there are

#   Default

#   Australia (historical usage)

#   India

# You can create your own file in

# share/timezonesets/.

#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3

#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database

# encoding

# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.

#lc_messages = ‘C‘ # locale for system error message

# strings

#lc_monetary = ‘C‘ # locale for monetary formatting

#lc_numeric = ‘C‘ # locale for number formatting

#lc_time = ‘C‘ # locale for time formatting

# default configuration for text search

#default_text_search_config = ‘pg_catalog.simple‘

# - Other Defaults -

#dynamic_library_path = ‘$libdir‘

#local_preload_libraries = ‘‘

#session_preload_libraries = ‘‘

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# LOCK MANAGEMENT

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#deadlock_timeout = 1s

#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10

# (change requires restart)

# Note:  Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are

# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)

# lock table slots.

#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10

# (change requires restart)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -

#array_nulls = on

#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding

#default_with_oids = off

#escape_string_warning = on

#lo_compat_privileges = off

#quote_all_identifiers = off

#sql_inheritance = on

#standard_conforming_strings = on

#synchronize_seqscans = on

# - Other Platforms and Clients -

#transform_null_equals = off

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# ERROR HANDLING

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?

#restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CONFIG FILE INCLUDES

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the

# default postgresql.conf.

#include_dir = ‘conf.d‘ # include files ending in ‘.conf‘ from

# directory ‘conf.d‘

#include_if_exists = ‘exists.conf‘ # include file only if it exists

#include = ‘special.conf‘ # include file

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Add settings for extensions here

vim  /service/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only

local   all             all                                     trust

# IPv4 local connections:

host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32           trust

host    all             all             实际IP地址             md5

host    all             all             实际IP地址             md5

# IPv6 local connections:

host    all             all             ::1/128              trust

# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the

# replication privilege.

#local   replication     postgres                               trust

#host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32              trust

#host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                  trust

host    replication      repl            实际IP地址              trust

host    replication      repl            实际IP地址              trust

8、启动数据库

pg_ctl start

9、创建同步用户

psql

CREATE USER repuser replication LOGIN CONNECTION LIMIT 5 ENCRYPTED PASSWORD ‘root1234’;

10、安装SLAVE数据库软件

注：不要初始化数据库，其它同样操作

11、配置ssh互信

主：

ssh-keygen 

ssh-copy-id -i [email protected]从库IP地址

从：

ssh-keygen 

ssh-copy-id -i [email protected]主库IP地址

12、备份主数据库

在主库上操作

psql -c "SELECT pg_start_backup(‘label‘, true)"

scp -r  /service/postgres/data/*  从库IP地址:/service/postgres/data/

psql -c "SELECT pg_stop_backup()"

13、编辑备库配置文件

vim /service/postgres/data/postgresql.conf

改：#hot_standby = on

为： hot_standby = on

其它配置文件信息相同

vim  /service/postgres/data/recovery.conf

recovery_target_timeline = ‘latest‘

standby_mode = ‘on‘

primary_conninfo = ‘host=实际主库IP地址 port=5432 user=repl password=repl‘

trigger_file = ‘/service/databases/postgresql/data/pg_root/postgresql.trigger.1921‘

14、启动备库

su postgres

pg_ctl  start 

15、检查同步

psql

select * from pg_stat_replication;

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