oracle 网络配置

Posted 2020-08-07

网络：

服务器端：一定要启动监听程序
无配置启动监听程序：rm -f $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
查看监听状态：lsnrctl status
启动监听：lsnrctl start

客户端：使用服务命名（网络连接字符串）
cat /etc/hosts
------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1        localhost.localdomain localhost
::1        localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

172.25.254.250 foundation0.ilt.example.com
------------------------------------------------------------
客户端使用简单连接：
sqlplus scott/[email protected]:1521/primary
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使用监听配置文件：可以控制IP、端口、监听名字
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=1521))
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

使用客户端配置文件：
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
250=
  (DESCRIPTION=
     (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=1521))
     (CONNECT_DATA=
       (SERVICE_NAME = primary)
     )
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------
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修改监听的端口号：
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

pmon默认情况只能向1521注册实例！
使用local_listener指明注册实例的详细信息：
alter system set local_listener=‘(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788)))‘;

使用remote_listener将实例注册到远程监听
alter system set remote_listener=‘(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.0.10)(PORT=1521)))‘;

客户端的端口号需要同步修改：
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
250=
  (DESCRIPTION=
     (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
     (CONNECT_DATA=
       (SERVICE_NAME = primary)
     )
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

修改监听的名字：对客户端没有任何影响
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENER_DB01 =
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------
操作非默认命名的监听：
lsnrctl status LISTENER_DB01
lsnrctl status LISTENER_DB01
lsnrctl status LISTENER_DB01

激活pmon注册实例信息到监听程序
SQL> alter system register;

使用pmon注册实例信息到监听程序，属于动态注册，没有实例的情况下是不能使用oracle的网络！！
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在数据库停止的状态如果向使用oracle的网络，需要静态注册
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary) #数据库唯一名+域名,db_unique_name+db_domain
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = db01) # $ORACLE_SID,决定寻找口令文件和参数文件的后缀
    )
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

客户端的故障转移配置：服务器异常时客户端的连接不中断
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
250=
  (DESCRIPTION=
     (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
     (CONNECT_DATA=
        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
        (SERVICE_NAME = primary)
        (FAILOVER_MODE =
          (TYPE = select)
          (METHOD = basic)
          (RETRIES = 180)
          (DELAY = 5)
        )
     )
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

查看会话是否支持故障转移：
select USERNAME,FAILOVER_TYPE,FAILOVER_METHOD,FAILED_OVER
from v$session where username=‘SCOTT‘;

预衍生服务进程：
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = db01)
      (PRESPAWN_MAX = 10)
      (PRESPAWN_LIST =
        (PRESPAWN_DESC =
          (PROTOCOL = tcp)
          (POOL_SIZE = 10)
          (TIMEOUT = 1)
        )
      )
    )
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

配置共享连接：
1.允许服务器启动共享服务进程
alter system set shared_servers=5;

2.允许client端以共享方式连接服务器
alter system set shared_server_sessions=2000;

3.允许服务器启动调度器
SQL> select * from v$dispatcher;

alter system set dispatchers=‘(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=56352)(DISPATCHERS=5))‘;

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
-------------------------------------------------------------
test =
  (DESCRIPTION=
     (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.254.250)(PORT=7788))
     (CONNECT_DATA=
       #(server = DEDICATED)
       #(server = SHARED)
       (SERVICE_NAME = primary)
     )
  )
-------------------------------------------------------------

数据库链接：可以在sql语句级别建立网络连接同时获得多个数据库中的数据
SQL> grant create database link to scott;
使用本地户名口令到远程进行安全审核：动态安全审核
SQL> create database link link_254_scott using ‘250‘;
静态安全审核
SQL> create database link link_254_scott
connect to scott identified by lion
using ‘250‘;

共有数据库链接：
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> create public database link link_254_scott using ‘250‘;

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