Bash：从一个引用字符串块中的每个带引号的字符串中创建一个变量

Posted 2021-04-04

我正在尝试编写一个脚本，它将遍历Shortcuts > Services的Keyboard Preference Pane部分中的每个服务，并禁用它。

这是禁用服务的基本命令：

defaults write pbs NSServicesStatus -dict-add SERVICE "
<dict>
<key>enabled_context_menu</key><false/>
<key>enabled_services_menu</key><false/>
<key>key_equivalent</key><string>""</string>
</dict>
"  

提前获取所有服务并将它们放入脚本是低效的，因为在安装新软件时会逐步添加许多服务。它必须是某种循环。

到目前为止，我一直在尝试使用defaults和awk来获取包含服务的每一行。

a=$(defaults read pbs NSServicesStatus | awk 'NR%5==2' ) && echo $a

而且，这是输出：

"com.ScooterSoftware.BeyondCompare - Compare Files - bcCompareFiles" = { "com.ScooterSoftware.BeyondCompare - Compare Folders - bcCompareFolders" = { "com.ScooterSoftware.BeyondCompare - Select Left File for Compare - bcSelLeftFile" = { "com.ScooterSoftware.BeyondCompare - Select Left Folder for Compare - bcSelLeftFolder" = { "com.apple.BluetoothFileExchange - Send File To Bluetooth Device - sendFileUsingBluetoothOBEXService" = { "com.apple.ChineseTextConverterService - Convert Text from Simplified to Traditional Chinese - convertTextToTraditionalChinese" = { "com.apple.ChineseTextConverterService - Convert Text from Traditional to Simplified Chinese - convertTextToSimplifiedChinese" = { "com.apple.ChineseTextConverterService - Convert Text to Full Width - convertTextToFullWidth" = { "com.apple.ChineseTextConverterService - Convert Text to Half Width - convertTextToHalfWidth" = { "com.apple.Dictionary - Look Up in Dictionary - doLookupService" = { "com.apple.FolderActionsSetup - Folder Actions Setup - openFilesFromPasteboard" = { "com.apple.Grab - Capture Selection from Screen - variableSelection" = { "com.apple.ImageCaptureService - Import Image - ImportImage" = { "com.apple.QuickTime.service.encodeSelectedAudioFiles - Encode Selected Audio Files - runWorkflowAsService" = { "com.apple.Safari - Add to Reading List - addToReadingList" = { "com.apple.Safari - Search With %WebSearchProvider@ - searchWithWebSearchProvider" = { "com.apple.ScriptEditor2 - Script Editor/Get Result of AppleScript - runAsAppleScript" = { "com.apple.SpotlightService - SEARCH_WITH_SPOTLIGHT - doSearchWithSpotlight" = { "com.apple.Stickies - Make Sticky - makeStickyFromTextService" = { "com.apple.Terminal - New Terminal Tab at Folder - newTerminalAtFolder" = { "com.apple.Terminal - New Terminal at Folder - newTerminalAtFolder" = { "com.apple.Terminal - Open man Page in Terminal - openManPage" = { "com.apple.Terminal - Search man Page Index in Terminal - searchManPages" = { "com.apple.finder - Finder/Open - open" = { "com.apple.finder - Finder/Reveal - reveal" = { "com.apple.finder - Finder/Show Info - showInfo" = { "com.apple.mail - Mail/New Email To Address - mailTo" = { "com.apple.mail - Mail/New Email With Selection - mailSelection" = { "com.apple.services.addToiTunesAsSpokenTrack - Add to iTunes as a Spoken Track - runWorkflowAsService" = { "com.apple.services.encodeSelectedVideoFiles - Encode Selected Video Files - runWorkflowAsService" = { "com.apple.services.setDesktopPicture - Set Desktop Picture - runWorkflowAsService" = { "com.apple.services.showMap - Show Map - runWorkflowAsService" = { "com.apple.systemuiserver - Open URL - openURL" = { "com.evernote.Evernote - ENApplicationServiceMenuItemTitle - serviceCreateNote" = { "com.flexibits.cardhop.mac - Send to Cardhop - sendToCardhop" = { "com.flexibits.fantastical2.mac - Send to Fantastical 2 - sendToFantastical" = { "com.houdah.HoudahSpot4 - New HoudahSpot Search - newSearch" = { "com.houdah.HoudahSpot4 - Search Folders in HoudahSpot - folderSearch" = { "com.houdah.HoudahSpot4 - Search in HoudahSpot - search" = { "com.kapeli.dashdoc - Create Snippet in Dash - createSnippetService" = { "com.kapeli.dashdoc - Look Up in Dash - lookupService" = { "net.pornel.ImageOptim - ImageOptimize - handleServices" = { }

每个引用的字符串代表服务。

这是我的问题：

我试图用这个=命令删除所有无关的数据和空格（{，}和sed），但无法摆脱那个单独的尾随}。

b=$(echo $a | sed -E -e 's/ = { / /g' ) && echo "${b}"

即使没有尾随的}（无论如何只会在最后一次迭代中产生错误，或者我相信），在我所做的循环中没有正确解析单个字符串：

for service in "${b}"; do
defaults write pbs NSServicesStatus -dict-add "${service}" "
<dict>
<key>enabled_context_menu</key><false/>
<key>enabled_services_menu</key><false/>
<key>key_equivalent</key><string>""</string>
</dict>
"
done

我仅使用以下命令进行测试，但未获得有效结果：

/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :NSServicesStatus:${service}" ~/Library/Preferences/pbs.plist

似乎只有服务被正确解析，我不知道哪一个：

Dict {
    key_equivalent = 
    enabled_context_menu = false
    enabled_services_menu = false
}

我该如何解决这个问题？

谢谢！

答案

我实际上并不宽容解析或使用结构不知道的工具生成结构化数据，但忽略了 -

while IFS= read -r service; do
  service=${service%'"'}; service=${service#'"'}
  defaults write pbs NSServicesStatus -dict-add "${service}" '
  <dict>
  <key>enabled_context_menu</key><false/>
  <key>enabled_services_menu</key><false/>
  <key>key_equivalent</key><string>""</string>
  </dict>
  '
done < <(egrep -o '"[^"]+"' <<<"$a")

另一答案

当我正确理解您的数据时，您可以获得服务

echo "$b" | tr '{' '\n' | sed -rn 's/[^"]"(.*)".*/\1/p'

您可以使用回声结构defaults ...

echo "$b" | tr '{' '\n' | sed -rn 's/[^"]"(.*)".*/\1/p' |
   xargs -I xxx echo 'defaults write pbs NSServicesStatus -dict-add "xxx" "
<dict>
<key>enabled_context_menu</key><false/>
<key>enabled_services_menu</key><false/>
<key>key_equivalent</key><string>""</string>
</dict>"
'

当你想要调用程序defaults时，可以删除第二个echo。

echo "$b" | tr '{' '\n' | sed -rn 's/[^"]"(.*)".*/\1/p' | 
   xargs -I xxx defaults write pbs NSServicesStatus -dict-add "xxx" "
<dict>
<key>enabled_context_menu</key><false/>
<key>enabled_services_menu</key><false/>
<key>key_equivalent</key><string>""</string>
</dict>"