如何在Django中创建从Abstract User继承的多个用户配置文件？

Posted 2021-04-04

Original Question

我想为3种类型的用户创建3个UserProfile。起初，我做了一个CharFiled作为区分它们的标记，但后来我意识到我必须放一些ForeignKey来关联这些用户。至于这一步，我不知道如何实现它。

---

具体来说：

• 从AbstractUser继承的3种类型的用户，每个用户都可以登录系统
• 它们之间有层次结构，很像：

AdminstratorA（not a superuser）
AdminstratorB
    |--TeacherA
    |--TeacherB
         |--StudentA
         |--StudentB|

以下是我的失败（简化版），使用Django2.1 python3.7

• 遇到了问题，因为我只能在AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'设置一个mysite\settings.py

apps\users\model

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models

class AdministratorUser(AbstractUser):
    pass


class TeacherUser(AbstractUser):
    administrator = models.ForeignKey(AdministratorUser, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class StudentUser(AbstractUser):
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(TeacherUser, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

• 我将主表和其他3个表设置为补码。基于此，我基于xadmin设计了我的管理站点，数据并不代表。我不知道。所以我尝试重新设计我的模型，这是我在顶部描述的计划。

apps\users\model

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models


class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    user_type_choices = (
        ('student', 'student'),
        ('teacher', 'teacher'),
        ('teacher', 'teacher'),
    )
    identity = models.CharField(choices=user_type_choices, max_length=100, default='student')


class AdministratorUser(models.Model):
    user_profile = models.OneToOneField(UserProfile, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class TeacherUser(models.Model):
    user_profile = models.OneToOneField(UserProfile, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    administrator = models.ForeignKey(AdministratorUser, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class StudentUser(models.Model):
    user_profile = models.OneToOneField(UserProfile, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(TeacherUser, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

答案

这实际上取决于你想要实现的目标，但最简单的方法类似于标准is_staff模型中的is_superuser和User字段。

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    is_type1_user = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_type2_user = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_type3_user = models.BooleanField(default=False)

另一答案

你可以通过以下方式定制Django's generic relations模型以及User来利用UserManager：

首先，您需要导入相关的东西：

from django.apps import apps

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, UserManager as OriginalUserManager

UserManager：

class UserManager(OriginalUserManager):

    def _create_user(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields):
        """
        Create and save a user with the given username, email, and password.
        """
        if not username:
            raise ValueError('The given username must be set')

        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        username = self.model.normalize_username(username)
        user = self.model(username=username, email=email, **extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)

        # handle profile creation at user creation
        profile_model = User.TYPE_MODELS.get(user.user_type)
        profile_model = apps.get_model(app_label='app1', model_name=profile_model)

        if profile_model is None:
            raise Exception(
                "Profile model has not been set in User.TYPE_MODELS for user type {}".format(user.user_type))

        profile = profile_model.objects.create()

        user.content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(profile_model)
        user.object_id = profile.id
        user.content_object = profile

        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

User模型：

class User(AbstractUser):
    TYPE_1 = 0
    TYPE_2 = 1

    TYPE_CHOICES = (
        (TYPE_1, "Type 1"),
        (TYPE_2, "Type 2"),
    )

    TYPE_MODELS = dict((
        (TYPE_1, "ProfileType1"),
        (TYPE_2, "ProfileType2"),
    ))

    user_type = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=TYPE_CHOICES, default=TYPE_1)

    # Below the mandatory fields for generic relation
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    content_object = GenericForeignKey()

    objects = UserManager()

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ('content_type', 'object_id',)

    @property
    def profile(self):
        return self.content_object

然后您可以定义您的配置文件（例如）：

class BaseProfileModel(models.Model):
    _user = GenericRelation(User)

    @property
    def user(self):
        ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(self.__class__)
        try:
            event = User.objects.get(content_type__pk=ctype.id, object_id=self.id)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            return None

        return event


class ProfileType1(BaseProfileModel):
    x = models.IntegerField(default=0)


class ProfileType2(BaseProfileModel):
    y = models.IntegerField(default=0)

现在您可以使用它们的方式如下：

使用默认用户类型创建用户：

user = User.objects.create_user("someusername")
user.profile --> will yield a ProfileType1 instance

创建具有特定用户类型的用户

user = User.objects.create_user("someothername", user_type=User.TYPE_2)
user.profile --> will yield a ProfileType2 instance

在这两种情况下，如果我们掌握了配置文件实例，我们可以通过以下方式获取用户：

profile.user --> will yield our original user instance