如何在不使用全局变量的情况下构建这个程序？

Question

我刚刚创建了我的第一个Python项目。我相信有很多可以改进的地方，但我有一个关于如何改变我的代码的具体问题。

我一直在阅读使用全局变量是不明智的 (出于安全考虑)。但我不知道如何使多个函数一起工作（即使用相同的变量），除非它们是全局的。

下面的程序做了三件事。

生成一个密码
加密该密码。
解密密码。

然而，我只在第2部分声明了全局变量来加密密码。

我的问题是：如何改变代码以避免使用全局变量？我把所有的代码都粘贴到下面，供参考，但是全局变量是在 def listToString() 和 def passEncryptor():.

import random

#variables to hold a list and a string
Password = []
Encrypted = ''

#variables to hold the specific characters
#to use in creating the password
a = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
b = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
c = '0123456789'
d = '!@#$%^&*()'

#variable holds all possible values
#that could be found in the password
e = a + b + c + d

#variables will randomize the password length
sm = random.randint(2,3)
lg = random.randint(3,4)

#function generates a randomized password
def passwordGenerator() :

    #append elements from variables a - d
    #to the Password variable
    for x in range(sm) :
        Password.append(random.choice(a))
    for x in range(sm) :
        Password.append(random.choice(b))
    for x in range(lg) :
        Password.append(random.choice(c))
    for x in range(sm) :
        Password.append(random.choice(d))

    #randomize the order of the elements    
    random.shuffle(Password)

    #ensure the first element is a letter
    Password.insert(0, random.choice(a))

    #print to show that the program worked
    print(Password)

#call function to generate a randomized password
passwordGenerator()

#function to store 5 random elements in a string
def listToString() :

    #can't seem to get this to work
    #without using a global variable
    global rand5
    rand5 = ''
    x = random.choices(e, k=5)
    for val in x :
        rand5 += val
    return rand5

#for each element in the password
#add the random 5 elements from listToString()
def passEncryptor():

    global tempPass
    tempPass = ''
    for val in Password :

        #gets 5 new random elements
        listToString()

        #concatenate the random elements
        #with the real password
        tempPass += val + rand5

    print(tempPass)
passEncryptor()

#function to unencrypt an encrypted password
def passDecryptor():

    #convert the encrypted string to a list
    encryptedList = []
    for val in tempPass :
        encryptedList.append(val)

    #remove the random 5 elements    
    decrypt = encryptedList[::6]
    decrypted = ''
    #convert back to a string
    for val in decrypt :
        decrypted += val

    print(decrypted)

passDecryptor()

Answer 1

另一答案