UVa1601 The Morning after Halloween (双向广度优先搜索)
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链接:http://acm.hust.edu.cn/vjudge/problem/51163
分析:已知起点和终点可以利用双向广度优先搜索,正向扩展一层,反向扩展一层,为防止退化,优先扩展结点数多的方向。因为障碍物很多防止TLE,可以先把图除了‘#’抠下来,用cnt给位置编号,x[cnt],y[cnt]为编号为cnt的格子的横纵坐标,id记录坐标为x,y格子的编号,然后找这些格子周围能走的格子,用deg[cnt]保存编号为cnt的格子周围能走的格子数,用G[cnt][i]保存编号为cnt的格子周围能走的第i个格子的编号,如果鬼的数量不足3,可以通过增加虚拟的格子,凑3个鬼,用来凑的鬼放在这个虚拟的格子里,并且设起点终点都是这个虚拟格子,且移动的方式只能原地不动。最后两个方向相遇两个d相加即求出最短路。
1 #include <cstdio> 2 #include <cctype> 3 #include <queue> 4 #include <cstring> 5 using namespace std; 6 7 const int maxn = 150; 8 const int maxs = 20; 9 int w, h, n, deg[maxn], G[maxn][5], s[3], t[3]; 10 char maze[20][20]; 11 int d[maxn][maxn][maxn]; 12 int d2[maxn][maxn][maxn]; 13 14 inline int ID(const int& a, const int& b, const int& c) { 15 return (a << 16) | (b << 8) | c; 16 } 17 18 inline bool conflict(const int& a, const int& b, const int& a2, const int& b2) { 19 return a2 == b2 || (a2 == b && b2 == a); 20 } 21 22 int DBfs() { 23 queue<int> q; 24 queue<int> q2; 25 queue<int> nxt; 26 memset(d, -1, sizeof(d)); 27 memset(d2, -1, sizeof(d2)); 28 q.push(ID(s[0], s[1], s[2])); 29 q2.push(ID(t[0], t[1], t[2])); 30 d[s[0]][s[1]][s[2]] = 0; 31 d2[t[0]][t[1]][t[2]] = 0; 32 while (!q.empty() && !q2.empty()) { 33 if (q.size() > q2.size()) swap(q, q2), swap(d, d2); 34 for (int ii = 0, sz = q.size(); ii < sz; ii++) { 35 int u = q.front(); q.pop(); 36 int a = (u >> 16) & 0xff; int b = (u >> 8) & 0xff; int c = u & 0xff; 37 for (int i = 0; i < deg[a]; i++) { 38 int a2 = G[a][i]; 39 for (int j = 0; j < deg[b]; j++) { 40 int b2 = G[b][j]; 41 if (conflict(a, b, a2, b2)) continue; 42 for (int k = 0; k < deg[c]; k++) { 43 int c2 = G[c][k]; 44 if (conflict(a, c, a2, c2)) continue; 45 if (conflict(b, c, b2, c2)) continue; 46 if (d[a2][b2][c2] != -1) continue; 47 d[a2][b2][c2] = d[a][b][c] + 1; 48 if (d2[a2][b2][c2] >= 0) return d[a2][b2][c2] + d2[a2][b2][c2]; 49 nxt.push(ID(a2, b2, c2)); 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 } 54 swap(q, nxt); 55 } 56 return -1; 57 } 58 59 const int dx[5] = {1, -1, 0, 0, 0}; 60 const int dy[5] = {0, 0, 1, -1, 0}; 61 void init() { 62 int cnt = 0, x[maxn], y[maxn], id[maxs][maxs]; 63 for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) 64 for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) 65 if (maze[i][j] != ‘#‘) { 66 x[cnt] = i; y[cnt] = j; id[i][j] = cnt; 67 if (islower(maze[i][j])) s[maze[i][j] - ‘a‘] = cnt; 68 else if (isupper(maze[i][j])) t[maze[i][j] - ‘A‘] = cnt; 69 cnt++; 70 } 71 for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) { 72 deg[i] = 0; 73 for (int dir = 0; dir < 5; dir++) { 74 int nx = x[i] + dx[dir], ny = y[i] + dy[dir]; 75 if (nx < 0 || nx >= h || ny < 0 || ny >= w) continue; 76 if (maze[nx][ny] != ‘#‘) G[i][deg[i]++] = id[nx][ny]; 77 } 78 } 79 if (n <= 1) { deg[cnt] = 1; G[cnt][0] = cnt; s[1] = t[1] = cnt++; } 80 if (n <= 2) { deg[cnt] = 1; G[cnt][0] = cnt; s[2] = t[2] = cnt++; } 81 } 82 83 int main() { 84 while (scanf("%d%d%d\n", &w, &h, &n) == 3 && n) { 85 for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) 86 fgets(maze[i], 20, stdin); 87 init(); 88 printf("%d\n", DBfs()); 89 } 90 return 0; 91 }
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