你可能写了个假异步，并不能提高请求线程池的吞吐量

Posted 2020-12-19 秋荷雨翔的博客

不知道用什么词形容，就叫它假异步吧。

写异步方法，async 和 await 要一路写到底，否则就是假异步，并不能提高请求线程池的吞吐量。

真正的异步，我的理解是这样的：比如调用一个查询接口，在当前线程，把SQL扔给数据库，当前线程释放，去干别的事情，数据库查询完了，通知我，我再在另一个线程里(也可能是刚才释放的那个线程，也可能不是)拿查询结果，返回给客户端，数据库查询比较耗时，数据库查询的时候，对线程是0占用。

 

HttpUtil.HttpGet方法：

/// <summary>
/// HttpGet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">url路径名称</param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie</param>
public static string HttpGet(string url, CookieContainer cookie = null, WebHeaderCollection headers = null)
{
    try
    {
        // 设置参数
        HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
        request.CookieContainer = cookie;
        request.Method = "GET";
        request.ContentType = "text/plain;charset=utf-8";

        if (headers != null)
        {
            foreach (string key in headers.Keys)
            {
                request.Headers.Add(key, headers[key]);
            }
        }

        //发送请求并获取相应回应数据
        HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
        //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
        Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream();
        StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8);
        //返回结果网页（html）代码
        string content = sr.ReadToEnd();
        instream.Close();
        return content;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        LogUtil.Error(ex);
        return string.Empty;
    }
}

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HttpUtil.HttpGetAsync方法：

/// <summary>
/// HttpGetAsync
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">url路径名称</param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie</param>
public static async Task<string> HttpGetAsync(string url, CookieContainer cookie = null, WebHeaderCollection headers = null)
{
    try
    {
        // 设置参数
        HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
        request.CookieContainer = cookie;
        request.Method = "GET";
        request.ContentType = "text/plain;charset=utf-8";

        if (headers != null)
        {
            foreach (string key in headers.Keys)
            {
                request.Headers.Add(key, headers[key]);
            }
        }

        //发送请求并获取相应回应数据
        HttpWebResponse response = await request.GetResponseAsync() as HttpWebResponse;
        //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
        Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream();
        StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8);
        //返回结果网页（html）代码
        string content = sr.ReadToEnd();
        instream.Close();
        return content;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        LogUtil.Error(ex);
        return string.Empty;
    }
}

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测试代码：

/// <summary>
/// 测试1
/// </summary>
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    //task是自己写的独立线程池，为了防止测试过程对CLR线程池和异步线程池造成干扰
    _task.Run(() =>
    {
        Thread.Sleep(200);

        int workerThreads1, completionPortThreads1, workerThreads2, completionPortThreads2;
        ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out workerThreads1, out completionPortThreads1);
        ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out workerThreads2, out completionPortThreads2);
        Log("假异步 已使用辅助线程：" + (workerThreads1 - workerThreads2) + ", 已使用异步线程：" + (completionPortThreads1 - completionPortThreads2));
    });

    string str = await GetDataAsync();
}

/// <summary>
/// 测试2 
/// </summary>
private async void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    //task是自己写的独立线程池，为了防止测试过程对CLR线程池和异步线程池造成干扰
    _task.Run(() =>
    {
        Thread.Sleep(200);

        int workerThreads1, completionPortThreads1, workerThreads2, completionPortThreads2;
        ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out workerThreads1, out completionPortThreads1);
        ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out workerThreads2, out completionPortThreads2);
        Log("真异步 已使用辅助线程：" + (workerThreads1 - workerThreads2) + ", 已使用异步线程：" + (completionPortThreads1 - completionPortThreads2));
    });

    string str = await GetDataAsync2();
}

/// <summary>
/// 假异步
/// </summary>
private async Task<string> GetDataAsync()
{
    return await Task.Run<string>(() =>
    {
        //接口耗时大约1秒
        return HttpUtil.HttpGet("http://localhost:8500/api/test/TestGet?val=1", null, null);
    });
}

/// <summary>
/// 真异步
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private async Task<string> GetDataAsync2()
{
    //接口耗时大约1秒
    return await HttpUtil.HttpGetAsync("http://localhost:8500/api/test/TestGet?val=1", null, null);
}

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测试截图：

我想知道 WebRequest 类的 GetResponseAsync 方法是怎么实现的，反正使用.NET提供的类，我是无法实现这样的方法。

这篇随笔如果有错误，请指正，我只是抛砖引玉，提出疑问或者说假设。

async await 要一路写到底啊，重构压力真大。

如果在异步方法中调用同步方法，又不想占用CLR线程池的线程，可以把耗时操作放到自己写的独立线程池中，例如：

/// <summary>
/// 测试GET请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">测试参数</param>
[HttpGet]
[Route("TestGet")]
[SwaggerResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, "返回JSON", typeof(JsonListResult<TestGetResult>))]
public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> TestGetAsync(string val)
{
    var task = TaskHelper.RequestTask.Run(() => //使用自己写的独立线程池
    {
        List<TestGetResult> list = new List<TestGetResult>();

        Thread.Sleep(5000); //模拟耗时

        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
        {
            TestGetResult item = new TestGetResult();
            item.testValue1 = i.ToString();
            item.testValue2 = i;
            item.testValue3 = "这是传入参数：" + val;
            list.Add(item);
        }

        var jsonResult = new JsonListResult<TestGetResult>(list, list.Count);

        return ApiHelper.ToJson(jsonResult);
    });

    return await task;
}

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