使用linux救援模式恢复rpm软件包

Posted 2020-08-06

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rpm作为linux最重要的软件管理工具，有着不可或缺的地位，连yum都要依赖于rpm的存在才能正常使用，所以掌握rpm的恢复还是很重要的，下面就来看一下如何恢复rpm。

卸载rpm软件包

[[email protected] ~]$ rpm -e rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 is needed by (installed) rpm-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64

rpm is needed by (installed) color-filesystem-1-13.el7.noarch

rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 is needed by (installed) rpm-python-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64

rpm >= 0:4.4.2 is needed by (installed) yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch

rpm >= 4.1.1 is needed by (installed) createrepo-0.9.9-23.el7.noarch

rpm is needed by (installed) policycoreutils-2.2.5-20.el7.x86_64

rpm >= 4.9.0 is needed by (installed) redhat-rpm-config-9.1.0-68.el7.centos.noarch

rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 is needed by (installed) rpm-build-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]$ yum remove rpm

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-17.el7 will be erased

--> Processing Dependency: rpm for package: color-filesystem-1-13.el7.noarch

--> Processing Dependency: rpm >= 4.1.1 for package: createrepo-0.9.9-23.el7.noarch

--> Processing Dependency: rpm >= 4.4.2 for package: yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch

--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 for package: rpm-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 for package: rpm-python-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: rpm for package: policycoreutils-2.2.5-20.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: rpm >= 4.9.0 for package: redhat-rpm-config-9.1.0-68.el7.centos.noarch

...

--> Processing Dependency: totem(x86-64) = 1:3.14.3-5.el7 for package: 1:totem-nautilus-3.14.3-5.el7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gnome-classic-session.noarch 0:3.14.4-13.el7 will be erased

---> Package totem-nautilus.x86_64 1:3.14.3-5.el7 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Error: Trying to remove "yum", which is protected

[[email protected] ~]$ rpm -e rpm --nodeps#使用“--deps”进行卸载

[[email protected] ~]$ rpm -qa

-bash: /usr/bin/rpm: No such file or directory

卸载之后再次是使用rpm工具查看所有的软件包时会报错误的，也就意味rpm软件包已经卸载不能使用了。

恢复rpm软件包

rpm软件包的恢复需要借助于linux系统光盘，首先就是要将linux系统光盘加载到系统中，将启动项改为从光盘启动“CD-ROM Drive”。

在下面的选择界面中选择为“Troubleshooting”——“Rescue a CentOS system”进入到光盘的救援模式中。

在下面的界面中选择第一项“Continue”

进入到救援模式之后，就可以使用linux命令了，使用df可以查看到分区的情况，可能注意到了这里这linux系统里的分区情况不一样，这里显示的不是linux系统的分区，而是光盘中分区情况，叫做伪系统，使用ls可以查看显示所有的目录，其中“/mnt/sysimage”才是linux系统的根目录，进入目录里面查看一下，是不是和linux根目录的目录是一样的呢。