Java的每个Thread都希望拥有自己的名称
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一. 介绍
平时工作中可能会碰到排查多线程的bug,而在排查的时候,如果线程(单个线程或者是线程池的线程)没有一个比较明确的名称,那么在排查的时候就比较头疼,因为排查问题首先需要找出“问题线程”,如果连“问题线程”都找不到,就很难找出问题原因,本文就针对多线程中涉及到的线程池、线程组、线程名称,介绍如果对其进行设置名称,方便排查问题时快速定位。
二. 设置线程名称
2.1 使用Thread+Runnable接口形式
如果是使用实现Runnable接口,然后使用Thread构造器来直接创建线程时,有两种方式设置线程名称:
1.在调用Thread的构造器时,传入第二个参数即可,构造器定义如下
Thread Thread(Runnable target, String threadName)
2.调用Thread对象的setName方法,设置线程名称即可;
上面两种方法的示例代码如下:
package cn.ganlixin; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; @Slf4j public class DefineThreadName { /** * 不设置线程名称,使用默认的线程名称 */ @Test public void defaultThreadName() { new Thread(() -> { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); }).start(); // 输出 threadName:Thread-1, threadGroupName:main, threadId:13 } /** * 自定义线程的名称 */ @Test public void customThreadName() { // 方式一:指定Thread构造方法的第二个参数,也就是线程的名称 new Thread(() -> { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); }, "my-custom-thread-name-1").start(); // 输出 threadName:my-custom-thread-name-1, threadGroupName:main, threadId:13 // 方式二:使用Thread对象的setName方法,设置线程名称 Thread thread = new Thread(() -> { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); }); thread.setName("my-custom-thread-name-2"); thread.start(); // 输出 threadName:my-custom-thread-name-2, threadGroupName:main, threadId:14 } }
2.2 继承Thread类的形式
如果是继承Thread类,那么可以在子类中调用Thread仅接受一个字符串作为线程名称的构造器,像下面这么做:
package cn.ganlixin; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; @Slf4j public class DefineThreadName { /** * 自定义的继承自Thread的线程类 */ private static class MyThread extends Thread { private MyThread(String threadName) { super(threadName); // Thread有一个构造器接收一个字符串类型的参数,作为线程名称 } @Override public void run() { // 因为继承自Thread,所以下面可以直接调用这些方法,而不需要通过Thread.currentThread()获取当前线程 String threadName = getName(); String threadGroupName = getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); } } /** * 测试设置、更改线程名称 */ @Test public void testInheritThread() { MyThread t1 = new MyThread("my-extends-thread-name-1"); t1.start(); // 输出 threadName:my-extends-thread-name-1, threadGroupName:main, threadId:13 MyThread t2 = new MyThread("my-extends-thread-name-2"); t2.setName("changed-thread-name"); // 手动修改线程名称 t2.start(); // 输出 threadName:changed-thread-name, threadGroupName:main, threadId:14 } }
三. 设置线程组的名称
线程组名称需要在创建线程组的时候进行指定,然后使用线程组的时候将线程组作为Thread类的构造器参数传入即可,示例代码如下:
package cn.ganlixin.name; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; @Slf4j public class ThreadGroupName { @Test public void defineThreadGroupName() { // 定义一个线程组,传入线程组的名称(自定义) ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("my-thread-group-name"); Runnable runnable = () -> { String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadGroupName:{}, threadName:{}, threadId:{}", threadGroupName, threadName, threadId); }; Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, runnable); t1.start(); // 输出 threadGroupName:my-thread-group-name, threadName:Thread-1, threadId:13 // 第三个参数是线程名称 Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, runnable, "my-thread-name"); t2.start(); // threadGroupName:my-thread-group-name, threadName:my-thread-name, threadId:14 } }
四. 设置线程池名称
4.1 创建线程池的两种途径
创建线程池,有两种方式:
1.实例化ThreadPoolExecutor来创建线程池,可以指定相关的参数,方法定义如下:
2.使用Executors的静态方法创建线程池,实际是对ThreadPoolExecutor对象的创建过程进行了封装,可用的方法定义如下:
上面的诸多定义中,提到了一个ThreadFactory,“线程工厂”,这是一个接口,定义了创建线程的统一规范,实现类需要重写newThread方法,定义如下:
package java.util.concurrent; public interface ThreadFactory { Thread newThread(Runnable r); }
当我们调用Executors或者使用ThreadPoolExecutor来创建线程池,如果没有指定ThreadFactory,那么就会使用默认的Executors.DefaultThreadFactory:
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); private final ThreadGroup group; private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); private final String namePrefix; DefaultThreadFactory() { SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(group, r, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); if (t.isDaemon()) t.setDaemon(false); if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); return t; } }
如果我们要对线程池中的线程创建进行扩展,那么实现ThreadFactory接口,加入自己的扩展即可,此处对于线程池中线程的名称进行设置,也是可以在这里实现。
4.2 自定义线程工厂(ThreadFactory)
自己实现ThreadFactory接口,可以参考Executors.DefaultThreadFactory,做一下细微的修改就行了,下面是我创建的NameableThreadFactory,意为“可命名的线程工厂”:
package cn.ganlixin.name; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import java.util.Objects; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 描述: * 参照Executors.DefaultThreadFactory,自定义ThreadFactory实现类 * * @author ganlixin * @create 2020-05-23 */ public class NameableThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { /** * 对线程池的数量进行计数,注意是类属性 */ private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); /** * 线程组名称 */ private ThreadGroup group; /** * 对线程池中的线程数据进行计数,注意是实例属性 */ private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); /** * 线程名称的前缀 */ private String namePrefix; /** * Executors.DefaultThreadFactory中默认的方式(设置线程组、线程名称前缀) */ public NameableThreadFactory() { SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-"; } /** * 创建线程工厂,指定线程名称前缀 * * @param threadNamePrefix 线程名称前缀 */ public NameableThreadFactory(String threadNamePrefix) { if (StringUtils.isBlank(threadNamePrefix)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("线程名称的前缀不能为空"); } // 线程组,仍旧使用旧规则 SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); // 指定线程的名称前缀,设置为传入的名称前缀 this.namePrefix = threadNamePrefix + "-"; } /** * 创建线程工厂,指定线程组、以及线程名称前缀 * * @param threadGroup 线程组实例 * @param threadNamePrefix 线程名称前缀 */ public NameableThreadFactory(ThreadGroup threadGroup, String threadNamePrefix) { if (Objects.isNull(threadGroup)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("线程组不能为空"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(threadNamePrefix)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("线程名称的前缀不能为空"); } this.group = threadGroup; this.namePrefix = threadNamePrefix + "-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(group, r, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); if (t.isDaemon()) { t.setDaemon(false); } if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) { t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); } return t; } }
进行测试,因为Executors和ThreadPoolExecutor的本质是一样的,所以这里使用Executors进行测试,只需要在用到ThreadFactory的时候,引入自己的创建NameableThreadFactory即可:
package cn.ganlixin.name; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; @Slf4j public class TestNameableThreadFactory { @Test public void test() throws InterruptedException { ExecutorService executorService1 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3, new NameableThreadFactory("自定义线程池one")); Runnable runnable = () -> { String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadGroupName:{}, threadName:{}, threadId:{}", threadGroupName, threadName, threadId); }; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executorService1.submit(runnable); } // 输出 // threadGroupName:main, threadName:自定义线程池one-1, threadId:14 // threadGroupName:main, threadName:自定义线程池one-2, threadId:15 // threadGroupName:main, threadName:自定义线程池one-3, threadId:16 Thread.sleep(100); // 创建线程组 ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("自定义线程组one"); ExecutorService executorService2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3, new NameableThreadFactory(threadGroup, "自定义线程池two")); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executorService2.submit(runnable); } // 输出: // threadGroupName:自定义线程组one, threadName:自定义线程池two-1, threadId:16 // threadGroupName:自定义线程组one, threadName:自定义线程池two-2, threadId:17 // threadGroupName:自定义线程组one, threadName:自定义线程池two-3, threadId:18 Thread.sleep(1000); } }
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