第一个爬虫和测试
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一、完善球赛程序,测试球赛程序。
将代码末尾稍作改动即可,若代码正确,则运行,否则输出Error。
from random import random #打印程序介绍信息 def printIntro(): print("19信计2班23号邓若言") print("这个程序模拟两个选手A和B的乒乓球比赛") print("程序运行需要A和B的能力值(以0到1之间的小数表示)") #获得程序运行参数 def printInputs(): a = eval(input("请输入选手A的能力值(0-1): ")) b = eval(input("请输入选手B的能力值(0-1): ")) n = eval(input("模拟比赛的场次: ")) return a, b, n # 进行N场比赛 def simNGames(n, probA, probB): winsA, winsB = 0, 0 for i in range(n): for j in range(7): #进行7局4胜的比赛 scoreA, scoreB = simOneGame(probA, probB) if scoreA > scoreB: winsA += 1 else: winsB += 1 return winsA,winsB #进行一场比赛 def simOneGame(probA, probB): scoreA, scoreB = 0, 0 #初始化AB的得分 serving = "A" while not gameOver(scoreA, scoreB): #用while循环来执行比赛 if scoreA==10 and scoreB==10: return(simOneGame2(probA,probB)) if serving == "A": if random() < probA: ##用随机数生成胜负 scoreA += 1 else: serving="B" else: if random() < probB: scoreB += 1 else: serving="A" return scoreA, scoreB def simOneGame2(probA,probB): scoreA,scoreB=10,10 serving = "A" while not gameOver2(scoreA, scoreB): if serving == "A": if random() < probA: scoreA += 1 else: serving="B" else: if random() < probB: scoreB += 1 else: serving="A" return scoreA, scoreB #比赛结束 def gameOver(a,b): #正常比赛结束 return a==11 or b==11 def gameOver2(a,b): #进行抢12比赛结束 if abs((a-b))>=2: return a,b #输出数据 def printSummary(winsA, winsB): n = winsA + winsB print("竞技分析开始,共模拟{}场比赛".format(n)) print("选手A获胜{}场比赛,占比{:0.1%}".format(winsA, winsA/n)) print("选手B获胜{}场比赛,占比{:0.1%}".format(winsB, winsB/n)) #主体函数 def main(): printIntro() probA, probB, n = printInputs() winsA, winsB = simNGames(n, probA, probB) printSummary(winsA, winsB) try: main() except: print("Error!")
结果如下:
则测试得代码无误。
二、用requests库的get()函数访问必应搜狗主页20次,打印返回状态,text内容,并且计算text()属性和content属性返回网页内容的长度。
关于requests库的内容可戳以下链接
https://www.cnblogs.com/deng11/p/12863994.html
import requests for i in range(20): r=requests.get("https://www.sogou.com",timeout=30) #网页链接可换 r.raise_for_status() r.encoding=\'utf-8\' print(\'状态={}\'.format(r.status_code)) print(r.text) print(\'text属性长度{},content属性长度{}\'.format(len(r.text),len(r.content)))
结果如下(取20次中的其中一次,text属性内容太长所以不展示出来):
三、根据所给的html页面,保持为字符串,完成如下要求:
(1)打印head标签内容和你学号的后两位
(2)获取body标签的内容
(3)获取id的first的标签对象
(4)获取并打印html页面中的中文字符
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title> </head> <body> <h1>我的第一个标题</h1> <p id="first">我的第一个段落。</p> </body> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> </table> </html>
代码如下:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup r = \'\'\' <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com) 23号的作业</title> </head> <body> <h1>我的第一个标题</h1> <p id="first">我的第一个段落。</p> </body> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> </table> </html> \'\'\' demo = BeautifulSoup(r,"html.parser") print(demo.title) print(demo.body) print(demo.p) print(demo.string)
效果如下:
四、爬取中国大学排名(年费2016),将数据存为csv文件。
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup ALL = [] def getHTMLtext(url): try: r = requests.get(url,timeout = 30) r.raise_for_status() r.encoding = \'utf-8\' return r.text except: return "" def fillUni(soup): data = soup.find_all(\'tr\') for tr in data: td1 = tr.find_all(\'td\') if len(td1) == 0: continue Single = [] for td in td1: Single.append(td.string) ALL.append(Single) def printUni(num): print("{1:^2}{2:{0}^10}{3:{0}^6}{4:{0}^6}{5:{0}^6}{6:{0}^6}{7:{0}^6}{8:{0}^6}{9:{0}^5}{10:{0}^6}{11:{0}^6}{12:{0}^6}{13:{0}^6}".format(chr(12288),"排名","学校名称","省市","总分",\\ "生源质量","培养结果","科研规模","科研质量",\\ "顶尖成果","顶尖人才","科技服务",\\ "产学研究合作","成果转化")) for i in range(num): u = ALL[i] print("{1:^4}{2:{0}^10}{3:{0}^6}{4:{0}^8}{5:{0}^9}{6:{0}^9}{7:{0}^7}{8:{0}^9}{9:{0}^7}{10:{0}^9}{11:{0}^8}{12:{0}^9}{13:{0}^9}".format(chr(12288),u[0],\\ u[1],u[2],eval(u[3]),\\ u[4],u[5],u[6],u[7],u[8],\\ u[9],u[10],u[11],u[12])) def main(num): url = "http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2016.html" html = getHTMLtext(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser") fillUni(soup) printUni(num) main(10)
效果:
将爬取到的数据存为csv文件,只需将printUni()函数换掉。
改动后的代码如下:
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import csv import os ALL = [] def getHTMLtext(url): try: r = requests.get(url,timeout = 30) r.raise_for_status() r.encoding = \'utf-8\' return r.text except: return "" def fillUni(soup): data = soup.find_all(\'tr\') for tr in data: td1 = tr.find_all(\'td\') if len(td1) == 0: continue Single = [] for td in td1: Single.append(td.string) ALL.append(Single) def writercsv(save_road,num,title): if os.path.isfile(save_road): with open(save_road,\'a\',newline=\'\')as f: csv_write=csv.writer(f,dialect=\'excel\') for i in range(num): u=ALL[i] csv_write.writerow(u) else: with open(save_road,\'w\',newline=\'\')as f: csv_write=csv.writer(f,dialect=\'excel\') csv_write.writerow(title) for i in range(num): u=ALL[i] csv_write.writerow(u) title=["排名","学校名称","省市","总分","生源质量","培养结果","科研规模","科研质量","顶尖成果","顶尖人才","科技服务","产学研究合作","成果转化"] save_road="C:\\\\Users\\\\邓若言\\\\Desktop\\\\html.csv" def main(num): url = "http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2016.html" html = getHTMLtext(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser") fillUni(soup) writercsv(save_road,num,title) main(10)
效果:
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