openstack 使用pbr配置,setup.cfg的格式与含义

Posted 2020-06-13

pbr - Python Build Reasonableness

A library for managing setuptools packaging needs in a consistent manner.

pbr reads and then filters the setup.cfg data through a setup hook to fill in default values and provide more sensible behaviors, and then feeds the results in as the arguments to a call to setup.py - so the heavy lifting of handling python packaging needs is still being done by setuptools.

Note that we don’t support the easy_install aspects of setuptools: while we depend on setup_requires, for any install_requires we recommend that they be installed prior to running setup.py install - either by hand, or by using an install tool such as pip.

翻译：

pbr -python 合理编译工具

这是一个一致的管理python setuptools 的工具库

pbr模块读入setup.cfg文件的信息，并且给setuptools 中的setup hook 函数填写默认参数，提供更加有意义的行为，然后使用setup.py来条用，因此setuptools工具包依然是必须的。

注意，我们并不支持setuptools包中的easy_install工具集，当我们依赖于安装需求前提软件，我们推荐使用setup.py install方式或者pip方式安装。

What It Does

PBR can and does do a bunch of things for you:

• Version: Manage version number based on git revisions and tags
• AUTHORS: Generate AUTHORS file from git log
• ChangeLog: Generate ChangeLog from git log
• Manifest: Generate a sensible manifest from git files and some standard files
• Sphinx Autodoc: Generate autodoc stub files for your whole module
• Requirements: Store your dependencies in a pip requirements file
• long_description: Use your README file as a long_description
• Smart find_packages: Smartly find packages under your root package

翻译：

它能干什么

PBR包可以做以下事情

版本：可以基于git版本和标签信息管理版本号

作者:从git的日志信息产生作者信息

更改日志：从git日志中产生软件包日志

manifest:从git以及其他标准文档中产生一个manifest文件

Sphinx Autodoc:自动产生stub files

需求：生成requirements需求文件

详细描述：使用你的README文件作为包的描述

聪明找包：从你的包的根目录下聪明的找到包

Version

Versions can be managed two ways - postversioning and preversioning. Postversioning is the default, and preversioning is enabeld by setting version in the setup.cfg metadata section. In both cases version strings are inferred from git.

If a given revision is tagged, that’s the version.

If it’s not, then we take the last tagged version number and increment it to get a minimum target version.

We then walk git history back to the last release. Within each commit we look for a Sem-Ver: pseudo header, and if found parse it looking for keywords. Unknown symbols are not an error (so that folk can’t wedge pbr or break their tree), but we will emit an info level warning message. Known symbols: feature, api-break, deprecation, bugfix. A missing Sem-Ver line is equivalent to Sem-Ver: bugfix. The bugfix symbol causes a patch level increment to the version. The feature and deprecation symbols cause a minor version increment. The api-break symbol causes a major version increment.

If postversioning is in use, we use the resulting version number as the target version.

If preversioning is in use - that is if there is a version set in setup.cfg metadata - then we check that that version is higher than the target version we inferred above. If it is not, we raise an error, otherwise we use the version from setup.cfg as the target.

We then generate dev version strings based on the commits since the last release and include the current git sha to disambiguate multiple dev versions with the same number of commits since the release.

Note

pbr expects git tags to be signed for use in calculating versions

The versions are expected to be compliant with Linux/Python Compatible Semantic Versioning 3.0.0.

The version.SemanticVersion class can be used to query versions of a package and present it in various forms - debian_version(), release_string(), rpm_string(), version_string(), or version_tuple().

AUTHORS and ChangeLog

Why keep an AUTHORS or a ChangeLog file when git already has all of the information you need? AUTHORS generation supports filtering/combining based on a standard .mailmap file.

Manifest

Just like AUTHORS and ChangeLog, why keep a list of files you wish to include when you can find many of these in git. MANIFEST.in generation ensures almost all files stored in git, with the exception of .gitignore, .gitreview and .pyc files, are automatically included in your distribution. In addition, the generated AUTHORS and ChangeLog files are also included. In many cases, this removes the need for an explicit ‘MANIFEST.in’ file

Sphinx Autodoc

Sphinx can produce auto documentation indexes based on signatures and docstrings of your project but you have to give it index files to tell it to autodoc each module: that’s kind of repetitive and boring. PBR will scan your project, find all of your modules, and generate all of the stub files for you.

Sphinx documentation setups are altered to generate man pages by default. They also have several pieces of information that are known to setup.py injected into the sphinx config.

See the pbr section for details on configuring your project for autodoc.

Requirements

You may not have noticed, but there are differences in how pip requirements.txt files work and how distutils wants to be told about requirements. The pip way is nicer because it sure does make it easier to populate a virtualenv for testing or to just install everything you need. Duplicating the information, though, is super lame. To solve this issue, pbr will let you use requirements.txt-format files to describe the requirements for your project and will then parse these files, split them up appropriately, and inject them into the install_requires, tests_require and/or dependency_links arguments to setup. Voila!

You can also have a requirement file for each specific major version of Python. If you want to have a different package list for Python 3 then just drop a requirements-py3.txt and it will be used instead.

Finally, it is possible to specify groups of optional dependencies, or “extra” requirements, in your setup.cfg rather than setup.py.

long_description

There is no need to maintain two long descriptions- and your README file is probably a good long_description. So we’ll just inject the contents of your README.rst, README.txt or README file into your empty long_description. Yay for you.

Usage

pbr is a setuptools plugin and so to use it you must use setuptools and call setuptools.setup(). While the normal setuptools facilities are available, pbr makes it possible to express them through static data files.

setup.py

pbr only requires a minimal setup.py file compared to a standard setuptools project. This is because most configuration is located in static configuration files. This minimal setup.py file should look something like this:

#!/usr/bin/env python

from setuptools import setup

setup(
    setup_requires=[‘pbr‘],
    pbr=True,
)

Note

It is necessary to specify pbr=True to enabled pbr functionality.

Note

While one can pass any arguments supported by setuptools to setup(), any conflicting arguments supplied in setup.cfg will take precedence.

setup.cfg

The setup.cfg file is an ini-like file that can mostly replace the setup.py file. It is based on the distutils2 setup.cfg file. A simple sample can be found in pbr‘s own setup.cfg (it uses its own machinery to install itself):

[metadata]
name = pbr
author = OpenStack Foundation
author-email = [email protected]
summary = OpenStack‘s setup automation in a reusable form
description-file = README
home-page = https://launchpad.net/pbr
license = Apache-2
classifier =
    Development Status :: 4 - Beta
        Environment :: Console
        Environment :: OpenStack
        Intended Audience :: Developers
        Intended Audience :: Information Technology
        License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
        Operating System :: OS Independent
        Programming Language :: Python
keywords =
    setup
    distutils
[files]
packages =
    pbr
data_files =
    etc/pbr = etc/*
    etc/init =
        pbr.packaging.conf
        pbr.version.conf
[entry_points]
console_scripts =
    pbr = pbr.cmd:main
pbr.config.drivers =
    plain = pbr.cfg.driver:Plain

There are a number of sections in these documents. These are:

• metadata
• files
• entry_points
• pbr

files

The files section defines the install location of files in the package using three fundamental keys: packages, namespace_packages, and data_files.

packages is a list of top-level packages that should be installed. The behavior of packages is similar to setuptools.find_packages in that it recurses the python package hierarchy below the given top level and installs all of it. If packages is not specified, it defaults to the value of the name field given in the [metadata] section.

namespace_packages is the same, but is a list of packages that provide namespace packages.

data_files lists files to be installed. The format is an indented block that contains key value pairs which specify target directory and source file to install there. More than one source file for a directory may be indicated with a further indented list. Source files are stripped of leading directories. Additionally, pbr supports a simple file globbing syntax for installing entire directory structures, thus:

[files]
data_files =
    etc/pbr = etc/pbr/*
    etc/neutron =
        etc/api-paste.ini
        etc/dhcp-agent.ini
    etc/init.d = neutron.init

will result in /etc/neutron containing api-paste.ini and dhcp-agent.ini, both of which pbr will expect to find in the etc directory in the root of the source tree. Additionally, neutron.init from that dir will be installed in /etc/init.d. All of the files and directories located under etc/pbr in the source tree will be installed into /etc/pbr.

Note that this behavior is relative to the effective root of the environment into which the packages are installed, so depending on available permissions this could be the actual system-wide /etc directory or just a top-level etc subdirectory of a virtualenv.

entry_points

The entry_points section defines entry points for generated console scripts and python libraries.

The general syntax of specifying entry points is a top level name indicating the entry point group name, followed by one or more key value pairs naming the entry point to be installed. For instance:

[entry_points]
console_scripts =
    pbr = pbr.cmd:main
pbr.config.drivers =
    plain = pbr.cfg.driver:Plain
    fancy = pbr.cfg.driver:Fancy

Will cause a console script called pbr to be installed that executes the main function found in pbr.cmd. Additionally, two entry points will be installed for pbr.config.drivers, one called plain which maps to the Plain class in pbr.cfg.driver and one called fancy which maps to the Fancy class in pbr.cfg.driver.

pbr

The pbr section controls pbr specific options and behaviours.

The autodoc_tree_index_modules is a boolean option controlling whether pbr should generate an index of modules using sphinx-apidoc. By default, setup.py is excluded. The list of excluded modules can be specified with the autodoc_tree_excludes option. See the sphinx-apidoc man page for more information.

The autodoc_index_modules is a boolean option controlling whether pbr should itself generates documentation for Python modules of the project. By default, all found Python modules are included; some of them can be excluded by listing them in autodoc_exclude_modules. This list of modules can contains fnmatch style pattern (e.g. myapp.tests.*) to exclude some modules.

The warnerrors boolean option is used to tell Sphinx builders to treat warnings as errors which will cause sphinx-build to fail if it encounters warnings. This is generally useful to ensure your documentation stays clean once you have a good docs build.

Note

When using autodoc_tree_excludes or autodoc_index_modules you may also need to set exclude_patterns in your Sphinx configuration file (generally found at doc/source/conf.py in most OpenStack projects) otherwise Sphinx may complain about documents that are not in a toctree. This is especially true if the warnerrors=True option is set. See the Sphinx build configuration file documentation for more information on configuring Sphinx.

Comments

Comments may be used in setup.cfg, however all comments should start with a # and may be on a single line, or in line, with at least one white space character immediately preceding the #. Semicolons are not a supported comment delimiter. For instance:

[section]
# A comment at the start of a dedicated line
key =
    value1 # An in line comment
    value2
    # A comment on a dedicated line
    value3

Requirements

Requirement files should be given one of the below names. This order is also the order that the requirements are tried in (where N is the Python major version number used to install the package):

• requirements-pyN.txt
• tools/pip-requires-py3
• requirements.txt
• tools/pip-requires

Only the first file found is used to install the list of packages it contains.

Note

The ‘requirements-pyN.txt’ file is deprecated - ‘requirements.txt’ should be universal. You can use Environment markers for this purpose.

Extra requirements

Groups of optional dependencies, or “extra” requirements, can be described in your setup.cfg, rather than needing to be added to setup.py. An example (which also demonstrates the use of environment markers) is shown below.

Environment markers

Environment markers are conditional dependencies which can be added to the requirements (or to a group of extra requirements) automatically, depending on the environment the installer is running in. They can be added to requirements in the requirements file, or to extras defined in setup.cfg, but the format is slightly different for each.

For requirements.txt:

argparse; python_version==‘2.6‘

This will result in the package depending on argparse only if it’s being installed into Python 2.6

For extras specifed in setup.cfg, add an extras section. For instance, to create two groups of extra requirements with additional constraints on the environment, you can use:

[extras]
security =
    aleph
    bet:python_version==‘3.2‘
    gimel:python_version==‘2.7‘
testing =
    quux:python_version==‘2.7‘