ASP.NET MVC 多语言实现——URL路由

Posted 2020-08-05 Cameron

考虑实现一个完整的基于asp.net mvc的多语言解决方案，从路由到model再到view最后到数据库设计(先挖好坑，后面看能填多少)。

我所见过的多语言做得最好的网站莫过于微软的msdn了，就先从模仿它的路由开始

仅实现相同的url格式很简单，只要将默认的路由加上一个表示语言的变量就可以了

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
　　　　　　　//other routes

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{culture}/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                constraints: new { culture = "zh-cn|en-us" },
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }

然后就可以通过类似 /zh-cn/home/index或/en-us/home/index 的url访问相应页面。然而仅是这样肯定没什么实际性的作用，之前浏览过很多多语言站点，发现url里面有代表语言的都是基本都是以zh或zh-cn代表中文，en或en-us代表English，这一定有什么联系；C#有一个表示区域信息的class CultureInfo，通过设置线程的区域信息来调整某些内容的默认展示方式，最常见的就是日期格式的显示。culture的值可参照 http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~lok/csharp/refdocs/System.Globalization/types/CultureInfo.html，当然一个Website没人有精力去支持所有语言，可以通过mvc的路由去限制，上面限制了仅中文简体(zh-cn)和美式英语(en-us)。mvc执行过程中与culture有关的步骤大概有Controller激活(不确定)->Action的Model绑定->Action执行->View呈现，因此只要在asp.net为一个客户端请求调用一个线程到使用该线程执行Controller Action的这段过程中加入设置culture的操作就能达到目的，我用的则是ActionFilter：

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web.Mvc;
/************************************************************************************************************************************************
 * Class Name : InternationalizationAttribute.cs
 * Create Date: Tue, ‎Jan ‎12, ‎2016
 * Last Update: Thur, ‎Jan 12, ‎2016
 * Description: Set Culture. learn from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1560796/set-culture-in-an-asp-net-mvc-app.
 * Author     : Cameron
 ************************************************************************************************************************************************/
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
public sealed class InternationalizationAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
    public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
    {
        bool isSkipInternationalize = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.IsDefined(typeof(WithoutInternationalizationAttribute), inherit: true)
                                        || filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.IsDefined(typeof(WithoutInternationalizationAttribute), inherit: true);
        if (!isSkipInternationalize)
        {
            string culture = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["culture"];
            //if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(culture))
            //{
            //    System.Web.HttpCookie cookieCulture = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Cookies["culture"];
            //    if (cookieCulture == null)
            //        filterContext.RouteData.Values.Add("culture", "zh-cn");
            //    else
            //        filterContext.RouteData.Values.Add("culture", cookieCulture.Value);
            //    filterContext.HttpContext.Response.RedirectToRoute("Default");
            //}
            //else {
            //filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.User
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(culture);
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(culture);
            //}
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Actions and controllers with the WithoutInternationalization attribute are skipped by the InternationalizationAttribute.
/// </summary>
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
public sealed class WithoutInternationalizationAttribute : Attribute
{
}

 相应controller代码：

    [Internationalization]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Login()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Login(LoginViewModel loginModel)
        {
            return View();
        }

        [WithoutInternationalization]
        public ActionResult ChooseCulture(string culture, string returnUrl)
        {
            //string url = GetApplicationPath(HttpContext.Request) + "/aaaa/bbb?c=5";
            //var request = new HttpRequest(null, Request.Url.AbsoluteUri, "");
            //var response = new HttpResponse(new System.IO.StringWriter());
            //var httpContext = new HttpContext(request, response);
            //var routeData = System.Web.Routing.RouteTable.Routes.GetRouteData(new HttpContextWrapper(httpContext));
            //var values = routeData.Values;

            //HttpCookie cookieCulture = Request.Cookies["culture"];
            //var originalCulture = RouteData.Values["culture"];
            //if (cookieCulture == null)
            //{
            //    RouteData.Values.Add("culture", "zh-cn");
            //}
            //else {
            //}
            //写得有点死，有待改进
            if (!returnUrl.EndsWith("/"))
                returnUrl += "/";
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(returnUrl) && returnUrl.Length > 3 && returnUrl.StartsWith("/") && returnUrl.IndexOf("/", 1) > 0 && new string[] { "zh-cn", "en-us" }.Contains(returnUrl.Substring(1, returnUrl.IndexOf("/", 1) - 1)))
                returnUrl = $"/{culture}{returnUrl.Substring(returnUrl.IndexOf("/", 1))}";
            else
                returnUrl = $"/{culture}{returnUrl}";
            return Redirect(returnUrl);
        }
    }

 Layout View 选择语言部分代码：

@using Resources
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>@ViewBag.Title - @Resource1.my_app</title>
    @Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr")
</head>
<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                @Html.ActionLink(Resource1.app_name, "Index", "Home", new { area = "" }, new { @class = "navbar-brand" })
            </div>
            <div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li>@Html.ActionLink(Resource1.home, "Index", "Home")</li>
                    <li>@Html.ActionLink("中文", "ChooseCulture", new { culture = "zh-cn", returnUrl = Request.RawUrl })</li>
                    <li>@Html.ActionLink("English", "ChooseCulture", new { culture = "en-us", returnUrl = Request.RawUrl })</li>
                </ul>
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                    <li>@Html.ActionLink(Resource1.Login, "Login", "Home")</li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container body-content">
        @RenderBody()
        <hr />
        <footer>
            <p>&copy; @DateTime.Now.Year - @Resource1.my_app</p>
        </footer>
    </div>

    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

View Code

This is my first bolg...

附上Artech大神的另一种实现方式,http://www.cnblogs.com/artech/archive/2012/05/04/localization-via-url-routing.html