netmiko初窥

Posted 2020-08-05 Vooom

paramiko 和 pexpect在笔记里被跳过

因为，他们都可以被netmiko所取代，不想在他们身上浪费太多时间

补一个地方就是，如果用paramiko遇到了connection莫名自己关闭的情况，参考下面的代码

def create_a_conn(ip_addr, port, username, password):
  \'\'\'
  creat a conn to router using paramiko.SSHClient()
  \'\'\'
  conn_session = paramiko.SSHClient()
  conn_session.load_system_host_keys()
  conn_session.connect(ip_addr, port, username, password, look_for_keys = Fals
e, allow_agent = False)
  conn = conn_session.invoke_shell()# to keep the session go on
  conn.keep_this = conn_session

  time.sleep(1)
  conn.send("terminal length 0\\n")
  time.sleep(1)

  if conn.recv_ready():
  conn.recv(65535)

  return conn

注意conn.keep_this = conn_session 这一句是解决connection莫名自己关闭的情况的关键

没有这一句会报如下错误

  File "/home/hsun/applied_python/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/channel.py", line 715, in send
  return self._send(s, m)
  File "/home/hsun/applied_python/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/channel.py", line 1075, in _send
  raise socket.error(\'Socket is closed\')
socket.error: Socket is closed

netmiko

总体来讲还是很简单的，因为比较人性化

• 创建conn

  1 #!/usr/bin/env python
  2
  3 from netmiko import ConnectHandler
  4
  5 pynet1 = {
  6 \'device_type\': \'cisco_ios\',
  7 \'ip\': \'184.105.247.70\',
  8 \'username\': \'pyclass\',
  9 \'password\': \'88newclass\',
 10 }
 11
 12 conn1 = ConnectHandler(**pynet1)
 13 outp = conn1.send_command("show run | inc logging")
 14 print outp

就这么简单就可以输出了

要注意它的ConnectHandler括号里的俩星号，标示用的，不能少

• 利用dir()探索一个全新的library

>>> dir(netmiko)
[\'ConnectHandler\', \'FileTransfer\', \'NetMikoAuthenticationException\', \'NetMikoTimeoutException\', \'NetmikoAuthError\', \'NetmikoTimeoutError\', \'SCPConn\', \'__all__\', \'__builtins__\', \'__doc__\', \'__file__\', \'__name__\', \'__package__\', \'__path__\', \'__version__\', \'a10\', \'alcatel\', \'arista\', \'avaya\', \'base_connection\', \'brocade\', \'cisco\', \'dell\', \'enterasys\', \'extreme\', \'f5\', \'fortinet\', \'hp\', \'huawei\', \'juniper\', \'linux\', \'netmiko_globals\', \'ovs\', \'paloalto\', \'platforms\', \'quanta\', \'scp_handler\', \'ssh_connection\', \'ssh_dispatcher\', \'ssh_exception\']
>>>

>>> dir(netmiko.ConnectHandler)
[\'__call__\', \'__class__\', \'__closure__\', \'__code__\', \'__defaults__\', \'__delattr__\', \'__dict__\', \'__doc__\', \'__format__\', \'__get__\', \'__getattribute__\', \'__globals__\', \'__hash__\', \'__init__\', \'__module__\', \'__name__\', \'__new__\', \'__reduce__\', \'__reduce_ex__\', \'__repr__\', \'__setattr__\', \'__sizeof__\', \'__str__\', \'__subclasshook__\', \'func_closure\', \'func_code\', \'func_defaults\', \'func_dict\', \'func_doc\', \'func_globals\', \'func_name\']
>>>
>>>

• find_prompt()

 print conn1.find_prompt()

• send_config_set()
  命令是以数组的形式pass进去的，它的优点是可以替你跳过configure terminal这一步，并且数组里可以放多个命令，如下面的这个config_commands数组
  但是要注意的是，它不会替你write，如果想write，还需要再加一条命令

 18 config_commands = [\'logging buffered 19999\', \'no logging console\']
 19 outp = conn1.send_config_set(config_commands)
 20 print outp

• 连接juniper设备

以srx为例

 21
 22 srx = {
 23 \'device_type\': \'juniper\',
 24 \'ip\': \'184.105.247.76\',
 25 \'username\': \'pyclass\',
 26 \'port\': 22,
 27 \'password\': \'88newclass\',
 28 }
 29
 30 conn2 = ConnectHandler(**srx)
 31 outp = conn2.send_command("show arp")
 32 print outp
 33
 34 print dir(conn2)
 35 print dir(conn1)

可以看到conn1 conn2这俩connection的命名空间是不太一样的

注意看config_mode()和check_config_mode()

• config_mode() and check_config_mode()
  check_config_mode()返回布尔值, True就说明现在正在config mode

config_mode()进入cofig mode
exit_config_mode退出config mode

• commit()

这个就是juniper的commit

 conn2.commit()

​