verilog写的LCD1602 显示

Posted 2020-08-05 aslmer

在读本文之前，请先阅读 LCD1602 的 datasheet（百度到处都是） ,熟悉有关的11条指令集。

LCD1602的11个指令集链接 http://www.cnblogs.com/aslmer/p/5801363.html（这是我总结的11条指令集，中英文结合）

---

1、LCD1602基础知识

 

 

 （2）LCD1602操作流程

 

 

---

 2、代码：

module lcd_1602_driver(
                clk    ,
                rst_n  ,
                lcd_en ,
                lcd_rw ,  //因为只执行写操作，所以永远为0.
                lcd_rs ,
                lcd_data

              );
input        clk    ;
input        rst_n  ;

output       lcd_en ;
output       lcd_rw ;
output       lcd_rs ;
output [7:0] lcd_data;
wire         clk ;
wire         rst_n  ;
wire         lcd_en ;
wire         lcd_rw;
reg  [7:0]   lcd_data;
reg          lcd_rs  ;
reg [5:0]    c_state ;
reg [5:0]    n_state ;
wire  [127:0]  row_1;
wire  [127:0]  row_2;
assign row_1 ="i am liu xiao yi" ;  //第一行显示的内容
assign row_2 ="happy everyday !";  //第二行显示的内容
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
//initialize
//first step is waitng more than 20 ms. 数据手册要求的，目的是等待系统上电稳定。
parameter TIME_20MS = 1000_000 ; //20000000/20=1000_000
//parameter TIME_15MS = 9\'h100 ; //just for test
parameter TIME_500HZ= 100_000  ; //
//parameter TIME_500HZ= 4\'hf;  //just for test
//use gray code   
parameter         IDLE=    8\'h00  ;  //因为此状态机一共有40个状态，所以这里用了格雷码，一次只有1位发生改变。00 01 03 02                      
parameter SET_FUNCTION=    8\'h01  ;       
parameter     DISP_OFF=    8\'h03  ;
parameter   DISP_CLEAR=    8\'h02  ;
parameter   ENTRY_MODE=    8\'h06  ;
parameter   DISP_ON   =    8\'h07  ;
parameter    ROW1_ADDR=    8\'h05  ;       
parameter       ROW1_0=    8\'h04  ;
parameter       ROW1_1=    8\'h0C  ;
parameter       ROW1_2=    8\'h0D  ;
parameter       ROW1_3=    8\'h0F  ;
parameter       ROW1_4=    8\'h0E  ;
parameter       ROW1_5=    8\'h0A  ;
parameter       ROW1_6=    8\'h0B  ;
parameter       ROW1_7=    8\'h09  ;
parameter       ROW1_8=  8\'h08  ;
parameter       ROW1_9=    8\'h18  ;
parameter       ROW1_A=    8\'h19  ;
parameter       ROW1_B=    8\'h1B  ;
parameter       ROW1_C=    8\'h1A  ;
parameter       ROW1_D=    8\'h1E  ;
parameter       ROW1_E=    8\'h1F  ;
parameter       ROW1_F=    8\'h1D  ;

parameter    ROW2_ADDR=    8\'h1C  ;
parameter       ROW2_0=    8\'h14  ;
parameter       ROW2_1=    8\'h15  ;
parameter       ROW2_2=    8\'h17  ;
parameter       ROW2_3=    8\'h16  ;
parameter       ROW2_4=    8\'h12  ;
parameter       ROW2_5=    8\'h13  ;
parameter       ROW2_6=    8\'h11  ;
parameter       ROW2_7=    8\'h10  ;
parameter       ROW2_8=    8\'h30  ;
parameter       ROW2_9=    8\'h31  ;
parameter       ROW2_A=    8\'h33  ;
parameter       ROW2_B=    8\'h32  ;
parameter       ROW2_C=    8\'h36  ;
parameter       ROW2_D=    8\'h37  ;
parameter       ROW2_E=    8\'h35  ;
parameter       ROW2_F=    8\'h34  ;


//20ms的计数器，即初始化第一步
reg [19:0] cnt_20ms ;
always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(rst_n==1\'b0)begin
        cnt_20ms<=0;
    end
    else if(cnt_20ms == TIME_20MS -1)begin
        cnt_20ms<=cnt_20ms;
    end
    else
        cnt_20ms<=cnt_20ms + 1 ;
end
wire delay_done = (cnt_20ms==TIME_20MS-1)? 1\'b1 : 1\'b0 ;
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
//500ns  这里是分频，因为LCD1602的工作频率是500HZ,而FPGA是50Mhz,所以要分频
reg [19:0] cnt_500hz;
always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(rst_n==1\'b0)begin
        cnt_500hz <= 0;
    end
    else if(delay_done==1)begin
        if(cnt_500hz== TIME_500HZ - 1)
            cnt_500hz<=0;
        else
            cnt_500hz<=cnt_500hz + 1 ;
    end
    else
        cnt_500hz<=0;
end

assign lcd_en = (cnt_500hz>(TIME_500HZ-1)/2)? 1\'b0 : 1\'b1;  //下降沿
assign write_flag = (cnt_500hz==TIME_500HZ - 1) ? 1\'b1 : 1\'b0 ;

//set_function ,display off ，display clear ,entry mode set
//----------------------------------------------------------------------状态机
always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(rst_n==1\'b0)begin
        c_state <= IDLE    ;
    end
    else if(write_flag==1) begin
        c_state<= n_state  ;
    end
    else
        c_state<=c_state   ;
end

always  @(*)begin
    case (c_state)
        IDLE: n_state = SET_FUNCTION ;
SET_FUNCTION: n_state = DISP_OFF     ;
    DISP_OFF: n_state = DISP_CLEAR   ;
  DISP_CLEAR: n_state = ENTRY_MODE   ;
  ENTRY_MODE: n_state = DISP_ON      ;
  DISP_ON   : n_state = ROW1_ADDR    ;
   ROW1_ADDR: n_state = ROW1_0       ;
      ROW1_0: n_state = ROW1_1       ;
      ROW1_1: n_state = ROW1_2       ;
      ROW1_2: n_state = ROW1_3       ;
      ROW1_3: n_state = ROW1_4       ;
      ROW1_4: n_state = ROW1_5       ;
      ROW1_5: n_state = ROW1_6       ;
      ROW1_6: n_state = ROW1_7       ;
      ROW1_7: n_state = ROW1_8       ;
      ROW1_8: n_state = ROW1_9       ;
      ROW1_9: n_state = ROW1_A       ;
      ROW1_A: n_state = ROW1_B       ;
      ROW1_B: n_state = ROW1_C       ;
      ROW1_C: n_state = ROW1_D       ;
      ROW1_D: n_state = ROW1_E       ;
      ROW1_E: n_state = ROW1_F       ;
      ROW1_F: n_state = ROW2_ADDR    ;

   ROW2_ADDR: n_state = ROW2_0       ;
      ROW2_0: n_state = ROW2_1       ;
      ROW2_1: n_state = ROW2_2       ;
      ROW2_2: n_state = ROW2_3       ;
      ROW2_3: n_state = ROW2_4       ;
      ROW2_4: n_state = ROW2_5       ;
      ROW2_5: n_state = ROW2_6       ;
      ROW2_6: n_state = ROW2_7       ;
      ROW2_7: n_state = ROW2_8       ;
      ROW2_8: n_state = ROW2_9       ;
      ROW2_9: n_state = ROW2_A       ;
      ROW2_A: n_state = ROW2_B       ;
      ROW2_B: n_state = ROW2_C       ;
      ROW2_C: n_state = ROW2_D       ;
      ROW2_D: n_state = ROW2_E       ;
      ROW2_E: n_state = ROW2_F       ;
      ROW2_F: n_state = ROW1_ADDR    ;
     default: n_state = n_state      ;
   endcase 
   end   

   assign lcd_rw = 0;
   always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
       if(rst_n==1\'b0)begin
           lcd_rs <= 0 ;   //order or data  0: order 1:data
       end
       else if(write_flag == 1)begin
           if((n_state==SET_FUNCTION)||(n_state==DISP_OFF)||
              (n_state==DISP_CLEAR)||(n_state==ENTRY_MODE)||
              (n_state==DISP_ON ) ||(n_state==ROW1_ADDR)||
              (n_state==ROW2_ADDR))begin
           lcd_rs<=0 ;
           end 
           else  begin
           lcd_rs<= 1;
           end
       end
       else begin
           lcd_rs<=lcd_rs;
       end     
   end                   

   always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
       if(rst_n==1\'b0)begin
           lcd_data<=0 ;
       end
       else  if(write_flag)begin
           case(n_state)

                 IDLE: lcd_data <= 8\'hxx;
         SET_FUNCTION: lcd_data <= 8\'h38; //2*16 5*8 8位数据
             DISP_OFF: lcd_data <= 8\'h08;
           DISP_CLEAR: lcd_data <= 8\'h01;
           ENTRY_MODE: lcd_data <= 8\'h06;
           DISP_ON   : lcd_data <= 8\'h0c;  //显示功能开，没有光标，且不闪烁，
            ROW1_ADDR: lcd_data <= 8\'h80; //00+80
               ROW1_0: lcd_data <= row_1 [127:120];
               ROW1_1: lcd_data <= row_1 [119:112];
               ROW1_2: lcd_data <= row_1 [111:104];
               ROW1_3: lcd_data <= row_1 [103: 96];
               ROW1_4: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 95: 88];
               ROW1_5: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 87: 80];
               ROW1_6: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 79: 72];
               ROW1_7: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 71: 64];
               ROW1_8: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 63: 56];
               ROW1_9: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 55: 48];
               ROW1_A: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 47: 40];
               ROW1_B: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 39: 32];
               ROW1_C: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 31: 24];
               ROW1_D: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 23: 16];
               ROW1_E: lcd_data <= row_1 [ 15:  8];
               ROW1_F: lcd_data <= row_1 [  7:  0];

            ROW2_ADDR: lcd_data <= 8\'hc0;      //40+80
               ROW2_0: lcd_data <= row_2 [127:120];
               ROW2_1: lcd_data <= row_2 [119:112];
               ROW2_2: lcd_data <= row_2 [111:104];
               ROW2_3: lcd_data <= row_2 [103: 96];
               ROW2_4: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 95: 88];
               ROW2_5: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 87: 80];
               ROW2_6: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 79: 72];
               ROW2_7: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 71: 64];
               ROW2_8: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 63: 56];
               ROW2_9: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 55: 48];
               ROW2_A: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 47: 40];
               ROW2_B: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 39: 32];
               ROW2_C: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 31: 24];
               ROW2_D: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 23: 16];
               ROW2_E: lcd_data <= row_2 [ 15:  8];
               ROW2_F: lcd_data <= row_2 [  7:  0];
           endcase                     
       end
       else
              lcd_data<=lcd_data ;
   end

endmodule

 

---

3、testbench

 

`timescale 1 ns/1 ns

module lcd1602_tb();

//时钟和复位
reg clk  ;
reg rst_n;

wire lcd_en ;
wire lcd_rs ;
wire lcd_rw ;
wire [7:0] lcd_data;
        //时钟周期，单位为ns，可在此修改时钟周期。
        parameter CYCLE    = 20;

        //复位时间，此时表示复位3个时钟周期的时间。
        parameter RST_TIME = 3 ;

        //待测试的模块例化
       lcd_1602_driver u1_lcd_1602_driver(
               .clk     (clk     ),
               .rst_n   (rst_n   ),
               .lcd_en  (lcd_en  ),
               .lcd_rw  (lcd_rw  ),
               .lcd_rs  (lcd_rs  ),
               .lcd_data(lcd_data)

              );


            //生成本地时钟50M
            initial begin
                clk = 0;
                forever
                #(CYCLE/2)
                clk=~clk;
            end

            //产生复位信号
            initial begin
                rst_n = 1;
                #2;
                rst_n = 0;
                #(CYCLE*RST_TIME);
                rst_n = 1;
            end


            endmodule

 

---

4、modesim 仿真

---

 5、结果展示及总结

易错之处：1、忽略了lcd1602的正常工作频率

              2、显示地址需要加80

              3、这篇文章只是lcd1602的基本显示，下一目标就是要自定义汉字，会用到CGRAM的相关知识，详情请见下篇文章，链接如下

              　http://www.cnblogs.com/aslmer/p/5819868.html，欢迎提问并给出宝贵意见

　
转载请注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/aslmer/p/5819422.html