laravel 技巧
Posted 代达罗斯之殇
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Eloquent
1.Automatic model validation
class Post extends Eloquent
{
public static $autoValidate = true;
protected static $rules = array();
protected static function boot()
{
parent::boot();
// You can also replace this with static::creating or static::updating
static::saving(function ($model) {
if($model::$autoValidate) {
return $model->validate();
}
});
}
public function validate() { }
}
2.Prevent updating
class Post extends Eloquent
{
protected static function boot()
{
parent::boot();
static::updating(function ($model) {
return false;
});
}
}
3.Conditional relationships
class myModel extents Model
{
public function category()
{
return $this->belongsTo(‘myCategoryModel‘, ‘categories_id‘)->where(‘users_id‘, Auth::user()->id);
}
}
4.Expressive where syntax
$products = Product::where(‘category‘, ‘=‘, 3)->get();
$products = Product::where(‘category‘, 3)->get();
$products = Product::whereCategory(3)->get();
5.Query builder:having raw
SELECT *, COUNT(*) FROM products GROUP BY category_id HAVING count(*) > 1;
DB::table(‘products‘)
->select(‘*‘, DB::raw(‘COUNT(*) as products_count‘))
->groupBy(‘category_id‘)
->having(‘products_count‘, ‘>‘, 1)
->get();
Product::groupBy(‘category_id‘)->havingRaw(‘COUNT(*) > 1‘)->get();
6.Simple date filtering
$q->whereDate(‘created_at‘, date(‘Y-m-d‘));
$q->whereDay(‘created_at‘, date(‘d‘));
$q->whereMonth(‘created_at‘, date(‘m‘));
$q->whereYear(‘created_at‘, date(‘Y‘));
7.Save options
//src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
public function save(array $options = array());
//src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
protected function performUpdate(Builder $query, array $options = [])
{
if($this->timestamps && array_get($options, ‘timestamps‘, true)) {
$this->updateTimestamps();
}
$product = Product::find($id);
$product->updated_at = ‘2015 -01-01 10:00:00‘;
$product->save([‘timestamps‘ => false]);
8.Multilingual support
// database/migrations/create_articles_table.php
public function up()
{
Schema::create(‘articles‘, function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments(‘id‘);
$table->boolean(‘online‘);
$table->timestamps();
});
}
//database/migrations/create_articles_table.php
public function up()
{
$table->increments(‘id‘);
$table->integer(‘article_id‘)->unsigned();
$table->string(‘locale‘)->index();
$table->string(‘name‘);
$table->text(‘text‘);
$table->unique([‘article_id‘, ‘locale‘]);
$table->foreign(‘article_id‘)->references(‘id‘)->on(‘articles‘)->onDelete(‘cascade‘);
}
// app/Article.php
class Article extends Model
{
use \Dimsav\Translatable\Translatable;
public $translatedAttributes = [‘name‘, ‘text‘];
}
// app/ArticleTranslation.php
class ArticleTranslation extends Model
{
public $timestamps = false;
}
// app/http/routes.php
Route::get(‘{locale}‘, function ($locale) {
app()->setLocale($locale);
$article = Article::first();
return view(‘article‘)->with(compact(‘article‘));
});
// resources/views/article.blade.php
<h1>{{ $article->name }}</h1>
{{ $article->text }}
9.Retrieve random rows
$questions = Question::orderByRaw(‘RAND()‘)->take(10)->get();
10.uuid model primary key
use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
trait UUIDModel
{
public $incrementing = false;
protected static function boot()
{
parent::boot();
static::creating(function ($model) {
$key = $model->getKeyName();
if(empty($model->{$key})) {
$model->{$key} = (string)$model->generateNewId();
}
});
}
public function generateNewUuid()
{
return Uuid::uuid4();
}
}
11.Ordered relationships
class Category extends Model
{
public function products()
{
return $this->hasMany(‘App\Product‘)->orderBy(‘name‘);
}
}
12.Simple incrementing & Decrementing
$customer = Customer::find($customer_id);
$loyalty_points = $customer->loyalty_points + 50;
$customer->update([‘loyalty_points‘ => $loyalty_points]);
// adds one loyalty point
Customer::find($customer_id)->increment(‘loyalty_points‘, 50);
// subtracts one loyalty point
Customer::find($customer_id)->decrement(‘loyalty_points‘, 50);
13.List with mutations
$employees = Employee::where(‘branch_id‘, 9)->lists(‘name‘, ‘id‘);
return view(‘customers . create‘, compact(‘employees‘));
{!! Form::select(‘employee_id‘, $employees, ‘‘) !!}
public function getFullNameAttribute() {
return $this->name . ‘ ‘ . $this->surname;
}
[2015-07-19 21:47:19] local.ERROR: exception ‘PDOException‘ with message ‘SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found:
1054 Unknown column ‘full_name‘ in ‘field list‘‘ in
...vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:288
$employees = Employee::where(‘branch_id‘, 9)->get()->lists(‘full_name‘, ‘id‘);
14.Appending mutated properties
function getFullNameAttribute()
{
return $this->first_name . ‘ ‘ . $this->last_name;
}
{
"id":1,
"first_name":"Povilas",
"last_name":"Korop",
"email":"[email protected]
", "created_at":"2015-06-19 08:16:58", "updated_at":"2015-06-19 19:48:09" } class User extends Model { protected $appends = [‘full_name‘]; { "id":1, "first_name":"Povilas", "last_name":"Korop", "email":" [email protected]
", "created_at":"2015-06-19 08:16:58", "updated_at":"2015-06-19 19:48:09", "full_name":"Povilas Korop" }
15.Filter only rows with child rows
class Category extends Model
{
public function products()
{
return $this->hasMany(‘App\Product‘);
}
}
public function getIndex()
{
$categories = Category::with(‘products‘)->has(‘products‘)->get();
return view(‘categories.index‘, compact(‘categories‘));
}
16.Return relations on model save
public function store()
{
$post = new Post;
$post->fill(Input::all());
$post->user_id = Auth::user()->user_id;
$post->user;
return $post->save();
}
Blade
17.Dynamic with
// eloquent
Post::whereSlug(‘slug‘)->get();
// instead of
View::make(‘posts.index‘)->with(‘posts‘, $posts);
// do this
View::make(‘posts.index‘)->withPosts($posts);
18.First/last array element
//hide all but the first item
@foreach ($menu as $item)
<div @if ($item != reset($menu)) class="hidden" @endif>
<h2>{{ $item->title }}</h2>
</div>
@endforeach
//apply css to last item only
@foreach ($menu as $item)
<div @if ($item == end($menu)) class="no_margin" @endif>
<h2>{{ $item->title }}</h2>
</div>
@endforeach
Collections
19.Arrays as collections
$devs = [
[‘name‘ => ‘Anouar Abdessalam‘, ‘email‘ => ‘[email protected]
‘], [‘name‘ => ‘Bilal Ararou‘, ‘email‘ => ‘[email protected]‘] ]; $devs = new Illuminate\Support\Collection($devs); $devs->first(); $devs->last(); $devs->push([‘name‘ => ‘xroot‘, ‘email‘ => ‘ [email protected]
‘]);
20.Collection filters
$customers = Customer::all();
$us_customers = $customers->filter(function ($customer) {
return $customer->country == ‘United States‘;
});
$non_uk_customers = $customers->reject(function ($customer) {
return $customer->country == ‘United Kingdom‘;
});
21.find()
// returns a single row as a collection
$collection = App\Person::find([1]);
// can return multiple rows as a collection
$collection = App\Person::find([1, 2, 3]);
22.where()
$collection = App\Person::all();
$programmers = $collection->where(‘type‘, ‘programmer‘);
$critic = $collection->where(‘type‘, ‘critic‘);
$engineer = $collection->where(‘type‘, ‘engineer‘);
23.implode()
$collection = App\Person::all();
$names = $collection->implode(‘first_name‘, ‘,‘);
24.where() & list()
// returns a collection of first names
$collection = App\Person::all()->where(‘type‘, ‘engineer‘)->lists(‘first_name‘);
// returns all the meta records for user 1
$collection = App\WP_Meta::whereUserId(1)->get();
// returns the first & last name meta values
$first_name = $collection->where(‘meta_key‘, ‘first_name‘)->lists(‘value‘)[0];
$last_name = $collection->where(‘meta_key‘, ‘last_name‘)->lists(‘value‘)[0];
25.order belongs-to-many by pivot table
class Link extends Model
{
public function users()
{
return $this->belongsToMany(‘Phpleaks\User‘)->withTimestamps();
}
}
@if ($link->users->count() > 0)
<strong>Recently Favorited By</strong>
@foreach ($link->users()->orderBy(‘link_user.created_at‘, ‘desc‘)->take(15)->get() as $user)
<a href="{{ URL::Route(‘user.show‘, array(‘id‘ => $user->id)) }}">{{ $user->name }}</a>
@endforeach
@endif
26.sorting with closures
$collection = collect([
[‘name‘ => ‘Desk‘],
[‘name‘ => ‘Chair‘],
[‘name‘ => ‘Bookcase‘]
]);
$sorted = $collection->sortBy(function ($product, $key) {
return array_search($product[‘name‘], [1 => ‘Bookcase‘, 2 => ‘Desk‘, 3 => ‘Chair‘]);
});
27.keying arrays
$library = $books->keyBy(‘title‘);
[
‘Lean Startup‘ => [‘title‘ => ‘Lean Startup‘, ‘price‘ => 10],
‘The One Thing‘ => [‘title‘ => ‘The One Thing‘, ‘price‘ => 15],
‘Laravel: Code Bright‘ => [‘title‘ => ‘Laravel: Code Bright‘, ‘price‘ => 20],
‘The 4-Hour Work Week‘ => [‘title‘ => ‘The 4-Hour Work Week‘, ‘price‘ => 5],
]
28.grouped collections
$collection = App\Person::all();
$grouped = $collection->groupBy(‘type‘);
29.collection unions
// the point is to actually combine results from different models
$programmers = \App\Person::where(‘type‘, ‘programmer‘)->get();
$critic = \App\Person::where(‘type‘, ‘critic‘)->get();
$engineer = \App\Person::where(‘type‘, ‘engineer‘)->get();
$collection = new Collection;
$all = $collection->merge($programmers)->merge($critic)->merge($engineer);
30.collection lookaheads
$collection = collect([1 => 11, 5 => 13, 12 => 14, 21 => 15])->getCachingIterator();
foreach ($collection as $key => $value) {
dump($collection->current() . ‘:‘ . $collection->getInnerIterator()->current());
}
Routing
31.nested route groups
Route::group([‘prefix‘ => ‘account‘, ‘as‘ => ‘account.‘], function () {
Route::get(‘login‘, [‘as‘ => ‘login‘, ‘uses‘ => ‘[email protected]‘]);
Route::get(‘register‘, [‘as‘ => ‘register‘, ‘uses‘ => ‘[email protected]‘]);
Route::group([‘middleware‘ => ‘auth‘], function () {
Route::get(‘edit‘, [‘as‘ => ‘edit‘, ‘uses‘ => ‘[email protected]‘]);
});
});
<a href="{{ route(‘account.login‘) }}">Login</a>
<a href="{{ route(‘account.register‘) }}">Register</a>
<a href="{{ route(‘account.edit‘) }}">Edit Account</a>
32.catch-all view route
// app/Http/routes.php
Route::group([‘middleware‘ => ‘auth‘], function () {
Route::get(‘{view}‘, function ($view) {
try {
return view($view);
} catch (\Exception $e) {
abort(404);
}
})->where(‘view‘, ‘.*‘);
});
33.internal dispatch
// api controller
public function show(Car $car)
{
if(Input::has(‘fields‘)) {
// do something
}
}
// internal request to api - fields are lost
$request = Request::create(‘/api/cars/‘ . $id . ‘?fields=id,color‘, ‘GET‘);
$response = json_decode(Route::dispatch($request)->getContent());
// internal request to api - with fields $originalInput = Request::input();
$request = Request::create(‘/api/cars/‘ . $id . ‘?fields=id,color‘, ‘GET‘);
Request::replace($request->input());
$response = json_decode(Route::dispatch($request)->getContent());
Request::replace($originalInput);
Testing
34.evironmental varlables
// phpunit.xml
<php>
<env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
<env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
<env name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
<env name="QUEUE_DRIVER" value="sync"/>
<env name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/>
<env name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/>
<env name="TWILIO_FROM_NUMBER" value="+15005550006"/>
</php>
// .env.test – add to .gitignore
TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID = fillmein
TWILIO_ACCOUNT_TOKEN = fillmein
// access directly from your tests using helper function
env(‘TWILIO_ACCOUNT_TOKEN‘);
// tests/TestCase.php <?php class TestCase extends Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase { /** * The base URL to use while testing the application. * * @var string */ protected $baseUrl = ‘http://localhost‘; /** * Creates the application. * * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application */ public function createApplication() { $app = require __DIR__ . ‘/../bootstrap/app.php‘; if(file_exists(dirname(__DIR__) . ‘/.env.test‘)) { Dotenv::load(dirname(__DIR__), ‘.env.test‘); } $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
return $app;
}
}
35.run tests automatically
// gulpfile.js
var elixir = require(‘laravel-elixir‘);
mix.phpUnit();
$ gulp tdd
36.share cookie between domains
// app/Http/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php
protected $except = [
‘shared_cookie‘
];
Cookie::queue(‘shared_cookie‘, ‘my_shared_value‘, 10080, null, ‘.example.com‘);
37.Easy model & migrations stubs
$ artisan make:model Books -m
38.add spark to existing project
$ composer require genealabs/laravel-sparkinstaller --dev
Laravel\Spark\Providers\SparkServiceProvider::class, GeneaLabs\LaravelSparkInstaller\Providers\LaravelSparkInstallerServiceProvider::class,
// do not run php artisan spark:install
$ php artisan spark:upgrade
// backup /resources/views/home.blade.php or it will be overwritten
$ php artisan vendor:publish --tag=spark-full
39.customize the default error page
<?php namespace App\Exceptions; use Exception; use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler; use Symfony\Component\Debug\ExceptionHandler as SymfonyDisplayer; class Handler extends ExceptionHandler { protected function convertExceptionToResponse(Exception $e) { $debug = config(‘app.debug‘, false); if($debug) { return (new SymfonyDisplayer($debug))->createResponse($e);
}
return response()->view(‘errors.default‘, [‘exception‘ => $e], 500);
}
}
40.conditional service providers
// app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
public function register()
{
$this->app->bind(‘Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Registrar‘, ‘App\Services\Registrar‘);
if($this->app->environment(‘production‘)) {
$this->app->register(‘App\Providers\ProductionErrorHandlerServiceProvider‘);
} else {
$this->app->register(‘App\Providers\VerboseErrorHandlerServiceProvider‘);
}
}
43.extending the application
// bootstrap/app.php
// replace this:
$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(realpath(__DIR__ . ‘/../‘));
// with this:
$app = new Fantabulous\Application(realpath(__DIR__ . ‘/../‘));
<?php namespace Fantabulous; class Application extends \Illuminate\Foundation\Application { /** * Get the path to the storage directory. * * @return string */ public function storagePath() { return $this->basePath . ‘/FantabulousStorage‘;
}
}
44.simple chching microservice
class fakeApiCaller
{
public function getResultsForPath($path)
{
return [
‘status‘ => 200,
‘body‘ => json_encode([
‘title‘ => "Results for path [$path]"
]),
‘headers‘ => [
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
];
}
}
$app->get(‘{path?}‘, function ($path) {
$result = Cache::remember($path, 60, function () use ($path) {
return (new fakeApiCaller)->getResultsForPath($path);
});
return response($result[‘body‘], $result[‘status‘], array_only($result[‘headers‘], [
‘Content-Type‘,
‘X-Pagination‘
]));
})->where(‘path‘, ‘.*‘);
45.use bleeding edge version
$ composer create - project laravel / laravel your-project-name-here dev-develop
// composer.json
{
"require": {
"php": ">=5.5.9", "laravel/framework": "5.2.*"
},
"minimum-stability": "dev"
}
$ composer update
46.capture queries
Event::listen(‘illuminate.query‘, function ($query) {
var_dump($query);
});
\DB::listen(function ($query, $bindings, $time) {
var_dump($query);
var_dump($bindings);
var_dump($time);
});
47.authorization without models
// app/Policies/AdminPolicy.php
class AdminPolicy
{
public function managePages($user)
{
return $user->hasRole([‘Administrator‘, ‘Content Editor‘]);
}
}
// app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php
public function boot(\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\GateContract $gate)
{
foreach (get_class_methods(new \App\Policies\AdminPolicy) as $method) {
$gate->define($method, "App\Policies\[email protected]{$method}");
}
$this->registerPolicies($gate);
}
$this->authorize(‘managePages‘); // in Controllers
@can(‘managePages‘) // in Blade Templates
$user->can(‘managePages‘); // via Eloquent
48.efficient file transfer with streams
$disk = Storage::disk(‘s3‘);
$disk->put($targetFile, file_get_contents($sourceFile));
$disk = Storage::disk(‘s3‘);
$disk->put($targetFile, fopen($sourceFile, ‘r+‘));
$disk = Storage::disk(‘s3‘);
$stream = $disk->getDriver()->readStream($sourceFileOnS3);
file_put_contents($targetFile, stream_get_contents($stream), FILE_APPEND);
$stream = Storage::disk(‘s3‘)->getDriver()->readStream($sourceFile);
Storage::disk(‘sftp‘)->put($targetFile, $stream)
49.avoid overflowing log files
$schedule->call(function () {
Storage::delete($logfile);
})->weekly();
50.pipeling
$result = (new Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline($container)
->send($something)
->through(‘ClassOne‘, ‘ClassTwo‘, ‘ClassThree‘)
->then(function ($something) {
return ‘foo‘;
});
51.command handler dispatch
class PurchasePodcastCommand extends Command
{
public $user;
public $podcast;
public function __construct(User $user, Podcast $podcast)
{
$this->user = $user;
$this->podcast = $podcast;
}
}
class PurchasePodcastCommandHandler
{
public function handle(BillingGateway $billing)
{
// Handle the logic to purchase the podcast...
event(new PodcastWasPurchased($this->user, $this->podcast));
}
}
class PodcastController extends Controller
{
public function purchasePodcastCommand($podcastId)
{
$this->dispatch(
new PurchasePodcast(Auth::user(), Podcast::findOrFail($podcastId))
);
}
}
52.self handling commands
class PurchasePodcast extends Command implements SelfHandling
{
protected $user;
protected $podcast;
public function __construct(User $user, Podcast $podcast)
{
$this->user = $user;
$this->podcast = $podcast;
}
public function handle(BillingGateway $billing)
{
// Handle the logic to purchase the podcast...
event(new PodcastWasPurchased($this->user, $this->podcast));
}
}
class PodcastController extends Controller
{
public function purchasePodcast($podcastId)
{
$this->dispatch(
new PurchasePodcast(Auth::user(), Podcast::findOrFail($podcastId))
);
}
}
53.automatic dispatch from requests
class PodcastController extends Controller
{
public function purchasePodcast(PurchasePodcastRequest $request)
{
$this->dispatchFrom(‘Fantabulous\Commands\PurchasePodcastCommand‘, $request);
}
}
class PodcastController extends Controller
{
public function purchasePodcast(PurchasePodcastRequest $request)
{
$this->dispatchFrom(‘Fantabulous\Commands\PurchasePodcastCommand‘, $request, [
‘firstName‘ => ‘Taylor‘,
]);
}
}
54.queued commands
class PurchasePodcast extends Command implements ShouldBeQueued, SerializesModels
{
public $user;
public $podcast;
public function __construct(User $user, Podcast $podcast)
{
$this->user = $user;
$this->podcast = $podcast;
}
}
55.commands pipeline
// App\Providers\BusServiceProvider::boot
$dispatcher->pipeThrough([‘UseDatabaseTransactions‘, ‘LogCommand‘]);
class UseDatabaseTransactions
{
public function handle($command, $next)
{
return DB::transaction(function () use ($command, $next) {
return $next($command);
});
}
}
// App\Providers\BusServiceProvider::boot
$dispatcher->pipeThrough([
function ($command, $next) {
return DB::transaction(function () use ($command, $next) {
return $next($command);
});
}
]);
Laravel 5.2
56.implicit model binding
// app/http/routes.php
Route::get(‘/api/posts/{post}‘, function (Post $post) {
return $post;
});
// behind the scenes
Post::findOrFail($post);
57.append scheduler autput to a file
$schedule->command(‘emails:send‘)->hourly()->appendOutputTo($filePath);
58.collections wildcard
// returns titles for all posts
$titles = $posts->pluck(‘posts .*.title’);
59.formarray validation
<input type="text" name="person[1][id]">
<input type="text" name="person[1][name]">
<input type="text" name="person[2][id]"> <input type="text" name="person[2][name]">
$v = Validator:: make($request->all(), [
‘person.*.id‘ => ‘exists:users.id‘,
‘person.*.name‘ => ‘required:string‘,
]);
60.easily clear user sessions
// included in database session driver
user_id
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