Django上自建一个token校验机制
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场景介绍
自己开发的接口有些需要实名认证，不能直接让匿名用户访问，那如果使用django的login_require装饰器设置在接口方法前面 会直接返回登录页面，所以在这个时候，可以考虑自己开发一个验证机制了，防止匿名用户调用。
验证流程
- 先让用户提交用户密码到获取token的接口
- 拿到用户名密码后去后台验证是否有效，如果有效就判断这个用户是否有token在数据库中，有的话就更新这个token，否则就新建一条记录在数据库，然后返回这个新建好的token的给请求者。
- 用户拿到刚才请求到的token后，在请求头或者请求参数里面携带这个token。然后再去请求对应的接口。
- 请求过来以后，首先自建的验证机制会对token进行校验，去请求参数里面找，参数也没有就返回校验失败，找到token以后就去判断这个token是否存在和过期，token无效、过期的话，返回校验失败，只有校验成功以后，才会放行请求到接口上，此时接口才会真正处理用户的请求。
需要做的事
- 新建一个表
- 新建一个创建token的方法
- 新建一个校验token的装饰器
- 接口上使用装饰器即可
以上在你的项目中一个models和views编写即可，编写完以后，哪里需要使用，导入这个装饰器即可。
实操步骤
以下都运行在python3.5.6 和 django 1.11.13 上，无问题。
创建数据库
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from pisces import settings
from datetime import timedelta,datetime
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import pytz
import random
#tzutc_8=pytz.FixedOffset(480)
#tzutc_8=pytz.timezone("UTC")
tzutc_8=pytz.timezone(‘Asia/Shanghai‘)
class user_token(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User,related_name=‘user_profile‘)
utype = models.CharField(max_length=15, default="guest") # ?????? guest access admin
utoken = models.CharField(max_length=256, null=True,blank=True)
utokenCreateTime = models.DateTimeField(null=True,blank=True)
utokenExpire = models.DateTimeField(null=True,blank=True)
def getRandomChar(self,start=None,end=None,length=30):
‘‘‘
get a random int and then translate to char
:param start:
:param end:
:param length:
:return: return a token
‘‘‘
if ( start and not start.isdigit() ) or not start:
start = 65
if ( end and not end.isdigit() ) or not end:
end = 122
randomChar = ""
for i in range(length):
x = random.randint(start,end)
# >>> chr(91)
# ‘[‘
# >>> chr(92)
# ‘\\‘
# >>> chr(93)
# ‘]‘
# >>> chr(94)
# ‘^‘
# >>> chr(95)
# ‘_‘
# >>> chr(96)
# ‘`‘
if x == 91 or x == 92 or x == 93 or x == 94 or x == 95 or x == 96:
continue
randomChar = randomChar + chr(x)
return randomChar
def updateToken(self):
‘‘‘
update the user‘s token ,if the token is exist,it will be update ,else the token is not exist,it will be create
:return:
‘‘‘
utokenDuration = settings.UTOKEN_DURATION
if self.utokenCreateTime: # means it has created,
if not self.utokenExpire:
self.utokenExpire = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=utokenDuration)
self.save()
differenceTime = self.utokenExpire - self.utokenCreateTime
if differenceTime.seconds - utokenDuration <= 60: # update the token before 1 min
randomChar = self.getRandomChar()
self.utoken = randomChar
self.utokenExpire = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=utokenDuration)
self.save()
return {"code":200,"msg":"update utoken successfully!"}
else:
return {"code":301,"msg":"the utoken is not expire!so won‘t update! "}
else:
randomChar = self.getRandomChar()
self.utoken = randomChar
self.utokenCreateTime = datetime.now()
self.utokenExpire = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=utokenDuration)
self.save()
return {"code":200,"msg":"create utoken successfully!"}
def checkUtokenIsValid(self,utoken):
‘‘‘
check the utoken weather is valid or not!
:return:
‘‘‘
if self.utokenCreateTime and self.utokenExpire: # means it has created,
#print(self.utokenCreateTime.astimezone(tzutc_8), self.utokenCreateTime, datetime.now())
if self.utokenExpire.astimezone(tzutc_8) <= pytz.utc.localize(datetime.now()): # update the token before 1 min
return {"code":400,"msg":"the utoken was expire! please update it! exipre time:%s , system time:%s"%(self.utokenExpire.astimezone(tzutc_8).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),pytz.utc.localize(datetime.now()))}
else:
if utoken == self.utoken:
return {"code":200,"msg":"correct"}
else:
return {"code":401,"msg":"not correct"}
else:
return {"code":400,"msg":"the utoken is not create! please authenticate! "}
def __str__(self):
return "%s-%s"%(self.user.username,self.utype)
编写装饰器与创建token的方法
创建token的方法
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from center.models import user_token
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.contrib.auth import login as auth_login, logout as auth_logout
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from pisces.mylog import writeDebug,writeInfo,writeErr
@csrf_exempt
def get_utoken(request):
‘‘‘
get the user‘s token
:param request:
:return:
‘‘‘
if request.method == ‘POST‘:
username = request.POST.get(‘username‘, ‘‘)
password = request.POST.get(‘password‘, ‘‘)
user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
if user:
writeDebug("center/views","get_utoken","the user[%s] login successfully"%username)
auth_login(request, user, )
userObj = User.objects.filter(username=username)
if not userObj:
writeDebug("center/views","get_utoken","no userObj[%s],begin to create the user"%username)
ux = User.objects.create_user(username,"%s@chanjet.com"%username,password)
utk = user_token(user=ux)
utk.save()
utkobj = user_token.objects.filter(user=ux).first()
updateTokenMsg = utkobj.updateToken()
utoken = utkobj.utoken
else:
utkobj = user_token.objects.filter(user=userObj)
if not utkobj:
utkobj_save = user_token(user=userObj.first())
utkobj_save.save()
#utkObj = user_token.objects.filter(user=userObj)
updateTokenMsg = utkobj.first().updateToken()
utkobj.first().save()
utoken = utkobj.first().utoken
writeInfo("frame/views","login","the username[ {username} ] login and create token successfully!".format(username=username))
return JsonResponse({"utoken":utoken,"code":200,"msg":updateTokenMsg.get("msg")})
writeInfo("frame/views","login","the username[ {username} ] or password is invalied,can‘t login!".format(username=username))
return JsonResponse({"code":401,"msg":"the username or password is not correct!"})
else:
return JsonResponse({"code":402,"msg":"only post method is support"})
校验token的装饰器
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from center.models import user_token
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.contrib.auth import login as auth_login, logout as auth_logout
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from pisces.mylog import writeDebug,writeInfo,writeErr
def checkUserToken(func):
‘‘‘
check if the user has the token
:param func:
:return:
‘‘‘
def warper(*args,**kwargs):
try:
utoken = args[0].POST.get("utoken")
if utoken is None:
utoken = args[0].GET.get("utoken")
except BaseException as e:
try:
utoken = args[0].GET.get("utoken")
except BaseException as e:
return JsonResponse({"code":400,"msg":"can‘t get utoken! please check params"})
if not utoken:
return JsonResponse({"code":400,"msg":"can‘t get utoken! please check params"})
userObj = user_token.objects.filter(utoken=utoken)
if userObj:
ux = userObj.first()
result = ux.checkUtokenIsValid(utoken)
if result.get("code") == 200:
kwargs[‘username‘] = ux.user.username
return func(*args,**kwargs)
else:
return JsonResponse(result)
else:
return JsonResponse({"code":404,"msg":"can‘t find the user by utoken--> %s"%(utoken)})
return warper
使用装饰器
from center.views import checkUserToken
from django.http.response import JsonResponse
@checkUserToken
@csrf_exempt
def create_zk_with_zkjob(request):
‘‘‘
:param request:
:return:
‘‘‘
// 请求参数该怎么获取就怎么获取，并没有改变参数的获取方式
// 以下替换成你的逻辑代码即可。
post_env = request.POST.get("env")
post_cxxx = request.POST.get("cxxx")
post_project_name = request.POST.get("project_enname")
zkop = core.zkopreation(post_env)
zknodename = "%s%s_%s/foo"%(zkop.zkRootPath,post_cxxx,post_project_name)
zkop_result = zkop.createPath(zknodename)
return JsonResponse(zkop_result)
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