python学习day05

Posted 2020-08-04 小_龟

一、time、datetime

1. 

   1 >>> time.localtime()
   2 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=21, tm_sec=38, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)
   3 >>> time.gmtime()
   4 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=8, tm_min=21, tm_sec=44, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)

   时间戳转换为元组
   

   1 >>> a =time.localtime()
   2 >>> a
   3 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=23, tm_sec=31, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)
   4 >>> time.mktime(a)
   5 1472199811.0

   元组转化为时间戳
   

   1 >> a
   2 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=23, tm_sec=31, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)
   3 >>> time.strptime(\'2016-12-12 12:12:12\',"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
   4 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=12, tm_min=12, tm_sec=12, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=347, tm_isdst=-1)
   5 >>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",a) 
   6 \'2016-08-26 16:23:31\'

   元组和格式化
   

   1 >>> a= time.localtime()
   2 >>> a
   3 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=26, tm_sec=42, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)
   4 >>> time.asctime(a)
   5 \'Fri Aug 26 16:26:42 2016\'

   元组转化为字符串
   

   1 >>> a = time.mktime(time.localtime())
   2 >>> a
   3 1472200092.0
   4 >>> time.ctime(a)
   5 \'Fri Aug 26 16:28:12 2016\'

   时间戳转化为字符串
   

   1 >>> datetime.datetime.now()
   2 datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 26, 16, 29, 6, 74390)
   3 >>> datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-4)
   4 datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 22, 16, 29, 12, 625394)
   5 >>> datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=9)
   6 datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 27, 1, 29, 16, 201594)

   datetime

    

二、random模块

random.randint(1,9) 1和9都在
random.randrange(1,8) 8不在

random.random() 0-1
random.uniform(1,10)

random.randrange(1,8)

random.choice(\'hellp\') 从中随机选一个

random.sample(\'hello\',2)

>>> a=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> random.shuffle(a)
>>> a
[4, 1, 5, 3, 2]

三、os模块
>>> os.getcwd()
\'/root/oldboy\'
>>> os.chdir(\'..\')
>>> os.getcwd()
\'/root\'

>>>os.chdir(r\'\')

>>> os.curdir
\'.\'
>>> os.pardir
\'..\'

os.makedirs() 多级目录
os.removedirs() 删除多级目录，删除后上一级目录为空，照样删除
os.mkdir() 只能创建单级目录
os.rmdir() 只删除单级

os.listdir() 列出当前目录
os.rename(old，new)
os.stat()

 

os.sep
os.pathsep
os.linesep

>>> os.name
\'posix\'

os.system()
os.environ
os.path.abspath(path)

>>> os.path.split(r\'/root/1.c\')
(\'/root\', \'1.c\')

>>> os.path.basename(\'/root/1.c\')
\'1.c\'

>>> os.path.dirname(\'/root/1.c\')
\'/root\'

>>> os.path.exists(\'/root\')
True

os.path.isabs(\'/root/1.c\')

os.path.isfile() 是否是文件
os.path.isdir()
os.path.join([\'\',\'\']) 多个路径组合返回

os.path.getatime()
os.path.getmtime()

四、shutil模块

shutil.rmtree()
shutil.copytree(\'test\',\'newtest\')
shutil.copystat()
shutil.copyfile()
shutil.move()
shutil.make_archive(n)

 

五、shelve模块

import shelve

d = shelve.open(\'shelve_test\') #打开一个文件

class Test(object):
def __init__(self,n):
self.n = n


t = Test(123)
t2 = Test(123334)

name = ["alex","rain","test"]
d["test"] = name #持久化列表
d["t1"] = t #持久化类
d["t2"] = t2

d.close()