一个简单的接口测试案例

Posted 2021-03-12 小贝书屋

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比如，我们需要实现百度某一只股票，查询出股票的当前价格和市值

我们查询”600754“这只股票的当前价格和市值

实现步骤如下：

1、导入request库，还需要额外导入lxml库（后面使用的到）

import requests   #倒入requests库
from lxml import etree  #倒入lxml 库（没有这个库，pip install lxml安装）

2、构造请求数据，百度搜索发起请求的数据比较多

cookies = {
    \'BIDUPSID\': \'90EF3BD78F53BC8C96DF84CD3854CA2D\',
    \'PSTM\': \'1578233930\',
    \'BD_UPN\': \'12314753\',
    \'BAIDUID\': \'885754C8E6BD7B1A771802631815CC6D:FG=1\',
    \'BDORZ\': \'B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598\',
    \'BDUSS\': \'mxYdVpwOEx0eGJsT3VUYTJXbkZJYWhKSGpQWnlqaVBwMlExTWNNRkR4cWtabHRlSVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAACRJsY-cGlwacnxu7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKTZM16k2TNeV\',
    \'COOKIE_SESSION\': \'7_0_5_3_11_3_0_0_4_2_1_0_73199_0_169_0_1580456363_0_1580456194%7C9%23622712_32_1580376248%7C6\',
    \'cflag\': \'13%3A3\',
    \'BD_HOME\': \'1\',
    \'BDRCVFR[feWj1Vr5u3D]\': \'I67x6TjHwwYf0\',
    \'delPer\': \'0\',
    \'BD_CK_SAM\': \'1\',
    \'PSINO\': \'3\',
    \'H_PS_PSSID\': \'1438_21104_26350\',
    \'H_PS_645EC\': \'29b8ZVy4WP7OUTz6%2FjeON9IexqLhOnMXkLTzhD5NfPu4fH%2FPZmThFknleY0LwzNQZ8j8\',
    \'BDSVRTM\': \'121\',
    \'WWW_ST\': \'1580466352318\',
}

headers = {
    \'is_xhr\': \'1\',
    \'Accept-Encoding\': \'gzip, deflate, br\',
    \'Accept-Language\': \'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\',
    \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\',
    \'is_pbs\': \'600754\',
    \'Accept\': \'*/*\',
    \'Referer\': \'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=600754&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0xa5a17c8700013159&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&rqlang=cn&tn=baiduhome_pg&rsv_enter=0&rsv_dl=tb&oq=600754&rsv_t=29b8ZVy4WP7OUTz6%2FjeON9IexqLhOnMXkLTzhD5NfPu4fH%2FPZmThFknleY0LwzNQZ8j8&rsv_pq=b379448d00013935\',
    \'X-Requested-With\': \'XMLHttpRequest\',
    \'Connection\': \'keep-alive\',
    \'is_referer\': \'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=600754&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0xa5a17c8700013159&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&tn=baiduhome_pg&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_n=2&rsv_sug3=1&rsv_sug1=1&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&inputT=359&rsv_sug4=359\',
}

params = (
    (\'ie\', [\'utf-8\', \'utf-8\']),
    (\'newi\', \'1\'),
    (\'mod\', \'1\'),
    (\'isbd\', \'1\'),
    (\'isid\', \'b379448d00013935\'),
    (\'wd\', \'600754\'),
    (\'rsv_spt\', \'1\'),
    (\'rsv_iqid\', \'0xa5a17c8700013159\'),
    (\'issp\', \'1\'),
    (\'f\', \'8\'),
    (\'rsv_bp\', \'1\'),
    (\'rsv_idx\', \'2\'),
    (\'rqlang\', \'cn\'),
    (\'tn\', \'baiduhome_pg\'),
    (\'rsv_enter\', \'0\'),
    (\'rsv_dl\', \'tb\'),
    (\'oq\', \'600754\'),
    (\'rsv_t\', \'29b8ZVy4WP7OUTz6/jeON9IexqLhOnMXkLTzhD5NfPu4fH/PZmThFknleY0LwzNQZ8j8\'),
    (\'rsv_pq\', \'b379448d00013935\'),
    (\'bs\', \'600754\'),
    (\'rsv_sid\', \'1438_21104_26350\'),
    (\'_ss\', \'1\'),
    (\'clist\', \'\'),
    (\'hsug\', \'\'),
    (\'f4s\', \'1\'),
    (\'csor\', \'6\'),
    (\'_cr1\', \'29647\'),
)

3、发起请求，且结果转化为text（后面分析返回数据需要读取text内容）

response = requests.get(\'https://www.baidu.com/s\', headers=headers, params=params, cookies=cookies).text

4、分析结果（分析数据用的是Xpath爬虫）具体使用方法博客有其他文章讲解：https://www.cnblogs.com/becks/p/11335493.html

html = etree.HTML(response)
a = html.xpath(\'//span[@class = "op-stockdynamic-moretab-cur-num c-gap-right-small"]/text()\')
print(\'当前价格:\',a[0])#当前价格
b = html.xpath(\'//ul[@class = "op-stockdynamic-moretab-info"]/li[8]/span[2]/text()\')
print(\'当前市值:\',b[0])#当前市值

快速获取请求头信息可以参考这篇：https://www.cnblogs.com/becks/p/12243014.html

全部代码

#本脚本实现，指定股票代码百度查询出市值和当前股价

import requests   #倒入requests库
from lxml import etree  #倒入lxml 库（没有这个库，pip install lxml安装）

cookies = {
    \'BIDUPSID\': \'90EF3BD78F53BC8C96DF84CD3854CA2D\',
    \'PSTM\': \'1578233930\',
    \'BD_UPN\': \'12314753\',
    \'BAIDUID\': \'885754C8E6BD7B1A771802631815CC6D:FG=1\',
    \'BDORZ\': \'B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598\',
    \'BDUSS\': \'mxYdVpwOEx0eGJsT3VUYTJXbkZJYWhKSGpQWnlqaVBwMlExTWNNRkR4cWtabHRlSVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAACRJsY-cGlwacnxu7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKTZM16k2TNeV\',
    \'COOKIE_SESSION\': \'7_0_5_3_11_3_0_0_4_2_1_0_73199_0_169_0_1580456363_0_1580456194%7C9%23622712_32_1580376248%7C6\',
    \'cflag\': \'13%3A3\',
    \'BD_HOME\': \'1\',
    \'BDRCVFR[feWj1Vr5u3D]\': \'I67x6TjHwwYf0\',
    \'delPer\': \'0\',
    \'BD_CK_SAM\': \'1\',
    \'PSINO\': \'3\',
    \'H_PS_PSSID\': \'1438_21104_26350\',
    \'H_PS_645EC\': \'29b8ZVy4WP7OUTz6%2FjeON9IexqLhOnMXkLTzhD5NfPu4fH%2FPZmThFknleY0LwzNQZ8j8\',
    \'BDSVRTM\': \'121\',
    \'WWW_ST\': \'1580466352318\',
}

headers = {
    \'is_xhr\': \'1\',
    \'Accept-Encoding\': \'gzip, deflate, br\',
    \'Accept-Language\': \'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\',
    \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\',
    \'is_pbs\': \'600754\',
    \'Accept\': \'*/*\',
    \'Referer\': \'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=600754&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0xa5a17c8700013159&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&rqlang=cn&tn=baiduhome_pg&rsv_enter=0&rsv_dl=tb&oq=600754&rsv_t=29b8ZVy4WP7OUTz6%2FjeON9IexqLhOnMXkLTzhD5NfPu4fH%2FPZmThFknleY0LwzNQZ8j8&rsv_pq=b379448d00013935\',
    \'X-Requested-With\': \'XMLHttpRequest\',
    \'Connection\': \'keep-alive\',
    \'is_referer\': \'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=600754&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0xa5a17c8700013159&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&tn=baiduhome_pg&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_n=2&rsv_sug3=1&rsv_sug1=1&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&inputT=359&rsv_sug4=359\',
}

params = (
    (\'ie\', [\'utf-8\', \'utf-8\']),
    (\'newi\', \'1\'),
    (\'mod\', \'1\'),
    (\'isbd\', \'1\'),
    (\'isid\', \'b379448d00013935\'),
    (\'wd\', \'600754\'),
    (\'rsv_spt\', \'1\'),
    (\'rsv_iqid\', \'0xa5a17c8700013159\'),
    (\'issp\', \'1\'),
    (\'f\', \'8\'),
    (\'rsv_bp\', \'1\'),
    (\'rsv_idx\', \'2\'),
    (\'rqlang\', \'cn\'),
    (\'tn\', \'baiduhome_pg\'),
    (\'rsv_enter\', \'0\'),
    (\'rsv_dl\', \'tb\'),
    (\'oq\', \'600754\'),
    (\'rsv_t\', \'29b8ZVy4WP7OUTz6/jeON9IexqLhOnMXkLTzhD5NfPu4fH/PZmThFknleY0LwzNQZ8j8\'),
    (\'rsv_pq\', \'b379448d00013935\'),
    (\'bs\', \'600754\'),
    (\'rsv_sid\', \'1438_21104_26350\'),
    (\'_ss\', \'1\'),
    (\'clist\', \'\'),
    (\'hsug\', \'\'),
    (\'f4s\', \'1\'),
    (\'csor\', \'6\'),
    (\'_cr1\', \'29647\'),
)

response = requests.get(\'https://www.baidu.com/s\', headers=headers, params=params, cookies=cookies).text
html = etree.HTML(response)
a = html.xpath(\'//span[@class = "op-stockdynamic-moretab-cur-num c-gap-right-small"]/text()\')
print(\'当前价格:\',a[0])#当前价格
b = html.xpath(\'//ul[@class = "op-stockdynamic-moretab-info"]/li[8]/span[2]/text()\')
print(\'当前市值:\',b[0])#当前市值

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