ng-style 的坑 - 对性能的影响
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熟悉 angular 的前端对ng-style 一定不陌生，这个家伙可以绑定一个函数，使得我们可以在函数中根据不同的参数返回不同的样式，如下是一个简单的实例：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body onselectstart=\'return false\'> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl" style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <span ng-repeat="idx in data" ng-style="setStyle(idx)"> {{idx+\',\'}} </span> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var app = angular.module(\'myApp\', []); app.controller(\'myCtrl\', function($scope) { $scope.data = []; for(var i=1;i<=10000;i++){ $scope.data.push(i); } $scope.setStyle = function(idx){ switch(idx%4){ case 1:return {"color":"red"}; case 2: return {"color":"chartreuse"}; case 3:return {"color":"yellow"}; case 0:return {"color":"blue"}; default : return {}; } } }); </script> </body> </html>
在该实例中，我们通过 $index 绑定不同的文字颜色，是不是感觉很方便呢，程序猿和代码其乐融融，相处的很好嘛O(∩_∩)O
直到有一天......业务提出这么一个需求：在成千上万的 span 上拖动鼠标选择区域设置背景色！
拖动鼠标嘛，简单！我们有 ng-mouseenter、ng-mouseleave、ng-mousemove、ng-mouseup 、ng-mousedown！挽起袖子搞起！
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body onselectstart=\'return false\' style="-moz-user-select:none;"> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl" style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <span ng-repeat="idx in data" ng-style="setStyle(idx)" ng-mousedown="mousedown($event)" ng-mouseup="mouseup($event)" ng-mouseenter="mouseenter($event)"> {{idx+\',\'}} </span> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var app = angular.module(\'myApp\', []); app.controller(\'myCtrl\', function($scope) { $scope.data = []; for(var i=1;i<=10000;i++){ $scope.data.push(i); } $scope.setStyle = function(idx){ switch(idx%4){ case 1:return {"color":"red"}; case 2: return {"color":"chartreuse"}; case 3:return {"color":"yellow"}; case 0:return {"color":"blue"}; default : return {}; } } //识别鼠标是否按下 $scope.isdown = false; //鼠标按下 $scope.mousedown = function(e){ $scope.isdown = true; } //鼠标抬起 $scope.mouseup = function(e){ $scope.isdown = false; } //鼠标进入 $scope.mouseenter = function(e){ if($scope.isdown){ console.log(e.target.style.backgroundColor = "#eeeeee"); } } }); </script> </body> </html>
好像也没有什么问题嘛 →.→ 其实业务给的需求场景比这个复杂的多，这里只是举例说明所以目前没有感觉出现问题，那么ng-style 是在什么时候绑定控件的 style 样式呢？于是给$scope.setStyle 添加输出：console.log(idx); 结果刚才较流畅的界面卡出翔了 ←.←
好吧，我们把数字改小点看看效果 ↓ . ↓
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body onselectstart=\'return false\' style="-moz-user-select:none;"> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl" style="overflow-wrap:break-word;background-color: #dddddd;"> <span ng-repeat="idx in data" ng-style="setStyle(idx)" ng-mousedown="mousedown($event)" ng-mouseup="mouseup($event)" ng-mouseenter="mouseenter($event)"> {{idx+\',\'}} </span> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var app = angular.module(\'myApp\', []); app.controller(\'myCtrl\', function($scope) { $scope.data = []; for(var i=1;i<=100;i++){ $scope.data.push(i); } $scope.setStyle = function(idx){ console.log(idx + " -- "+ (new Date()).getMilliseconds()); switch(idx%4){ case 1:return {"color":"red"}; case 2: return {"color":"chartreuse"}; case 3:return {"color":"yellow"}; case 0:return {"color":"blue"}; default : return {}; } } //识别鼠标是否按下 $scope.isdown = false; //鼠标按下 $scope.mousedown = function(e){ $scope.isdown = true; } //鼠标抬起 $scope.mouseup = function(e){ $scope.isdown = false; } //鼠标进入 $scope.mouseenter = function(e){ if($scope.isdown){ console.log(e.target.style.backgroundColor = "red"); } } }); </script> </body> </html>
按下 F12 查看控制台 ，鼠标移入数字区，可以看到console.log 不停的输出，也就是说此时 ng-style 是不停的重复绑定的，这显然是耗费资源的，在某些实时要求高的界面就会导致卡顿现象，为了避免这种重复的资料消耗决定换个方式绑定style，且要只绑定一次，想来想去决定还是用 for 遍历控件绑定
$scope.data = []; for(var i=1;i<=100;i++){ $scope.data.push(i); } var spans = document.querySelectorAll("span"); for(var j=0;j<spans.length;j++){ var span = spans[j]; console.log(span); }
然而这样获取到 spans 为[] ，因为此时ng-repeat 还没有渲染完 span ，根据js单线程原理，此时应该用$timeout(function(){},0); 原理请阅读：setTimeout 的黑魔法
看来以后要弃用 ng-style 的使用了。
全部实现代码如下：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body onselectstart=\'return false\' style="-moz-user-select:none;"> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl" style="overflow-wrap:break-word;background-color: #dddddd;"> <!--<span ng-repeat="idx in data" ng-style="setStyle(idx)" ng-mousedown="mousedown($event)" ng-mouseup="mouseup($event)" ng-mouseenter="mouseenter($event)"> {{idx+\',\'}} </span>--> <span ng-repeat="idx in data" test-index ={{idx}} ng-mousedown="mousedown($event)" ng-mouseup="mouseup($event)" ng-mouseenter="mouseenter($event)"> {{idx+\',\'}} </span> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var app = angular.module(\'myApp\', []); app.controller(\'myCtrl\', function($scope,$timeout) { $scope.data = []; for(var i=1;i<=100;i++){ $scope.data.push(i); } $timeout(function(){ var spans = document.querySelectorAll("span"); for(var j=0;j<spans.length;j++){ var span = spans[j]; console.log(span.style.color =$scope.setStyle(span.attributes["test-index"].value)); } },0); $scope.setStyle = function(idx){ console.log(idx + " -- "+ (new Date()).getMilliseconds()); switch(idx%4){ case 1:return "red"; case 2: return "chartreuse"; case 3:return "yellow"; case 0以上是关于ng-style 的坑 - 对性能的影响的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章