定制RPM包及yum仓库搭建(以安装nginx为例)

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一、前提条件

#下面通过虚拟机准备了一台服务端，一台客户端，基于外网IP测试，以安装nginx为例。

#两台机器公共配置

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -m

x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64

#服务端配置

[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+"‘NR==2{print $4}‘

10.0.0.61

[[email protected] ~]# hostname

m01

#客户端配置

[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F ‘[ :]+‘ ‘NR==2{print$4}‘

10.0.0.8

[[email protected] ~]# hostname

web01

 

#RPM介绍

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-rpm/


二、定制化RPM包

下面是服务端的配置，只要没有标明都是服务端操作

2、1FPM安装

#fpm是ruby写的，因此系统环境需要ruby，且ruby版本号大于1.8.5

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa ruby rubygems ruby-devel

#安装ruby模块

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install ruby rubygems ruby-devel

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa ruby rubygems ruby-devel      

rubygems-1.3.7-5.el6.noarch

ruby-1.8.7.374-4.el6_6.x86_64

ruby-devel-1.8.7.374-4.el6_6.x86_64

#添加阿里云的rubygems仓库，外国的源太慢

[[email protected] ~]# gem sources -ahttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/ added to sources

#移除原生的Ruby仓库

[[email protected] ~]# gem sources --remove http://rubygems.org/

http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources

#安装fpm

#指定安装fpm1.3.3版本的软件，fpm这个工具升级很频繁，而且在每次升级后会出现各种各样的问题。但是老版本的fpm工具能够满足我们的需求，因此就用这个版本了。

#这里一定要指定fpm的版本，不然会报错，报错原因可追溯到版本频繁升级的问题导致。

[[email protected] ~]# gem install fpm -v 1.3.3

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...

Successfully installed json-1.8.3

Successfully installed cabin-0.8.1

Successfully installed backports-3.6.8

Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.10

Successfully installed clamp-0.6.5

Successfully installed ffi-1.9.10

Successfully installed childprocess-0.5.9

Successfully installed fpm-1.3.3

8 gems installed

Installing ri documentation for json-1.8.3...

Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.8.1...

Installing ri documentation for backports-3.6.8...

Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10...

Installing ri documentation for clamp-0.6.5...

Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.10...

Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.5.9...

Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.3.3...

Installing RDoc documentation for json-1.8.3...

Installing RDoc documentation for cabin-0.8.1...

Installing RDoc documentation for backports-3.6.8...

Installing RDoc documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10...

Installing RDoc documentation for clamp-0.6.5...

Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.10...

Installing RDoc documentation for childprocess-0.5.9...

Installing RDoc documentation for fpm-1.3.3...

# rdoc和ri为ruby程序生成文档

[[email protected] ~]# fpm --help|wc -l

175

#最好做下快照，方便还原和测试

2、2定制nginx的RPM包

2、2、1准备操作

#准备好nginx安装包，统一放在/application/tools/目录下。

[[email protected] /]# mkdir -p /application/tools/

[[email protected] /]# cd /application/tools/

[[email protected] tools]# pwd

/application/tools

#上传或下载nginx安装包

#上传使用rz -y命令即可。

#下面使用下载方式获取nginx安装包

[[email protected] tools]# wget -qhttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

[[email protected] tools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr  8  2015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

#开启yum缓存， /etc/yum.conf的解释在4、2

[[email protected] tools]# cp /etc/yum.conf/etc/yum.conf.ori.20160630

[[email protected] tools]# sed ‘s#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g‘/etc/yum.conf

[main]

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

keepcache=1

#主要的是上面两条

[[email protected] tools]# sed -i ‘s#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g‘ /etc/yum.conf

[[email protected] tools]# grep "keepcache=1"/etc/yum.conf

keepcache=1

#清空本机已有yum缓存

[[email protected] tools]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"

[[email protected] tools]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"|xargs rm -f

#最好做下快照，方便还原和测试

-----------------------------------------------------------

#设置yum源为阿里的配置

[[email protected] tools]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Aug  4  2015/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[[email protected] tools]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630

[[email protected] tools]# ls -l/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1991 Jun 29 22:23/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630

[[email protected] tools]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

[[email protected] tools]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2572 May 15  2015 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

#可以通过baseurl过滤一下查看是否配置成功

[[email protected] tools]# grep "baseurl"/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/

-----------------------------------------------------------

2、2、2安装nginx

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -qa pcre-devel openssl-devel

[[email protected] tools]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# rpm -qa pcre-developenssl-devel      

openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64

pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64

-----------------------------------------------------------

#查看yum缓存文件,/var/cache/下的rpm文件千万不要删除,切记！

[[email protected] tools]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# ls /tmp/

[[email protected] ~]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"|xargs cp -t /tmp/

[[email protected] ~]# ls /tmp/

keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm    libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm        openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm

krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm        libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm

krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm          libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm  pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm  libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm    zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm

#下述在安装rpm包的时候会用到

[[email protected] ~]# cd /tmp/ && tar zcfnginx_yum.tar.gz *.rpm

[[email protected] tmp]# ls -l nginx_yum.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4442080 Jun 29 22:31nginx_yum.tar.gz

[[email protected] tmp]# sz nginx_yum.tar.gz

#D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\ nginx_yum.tar.gz

-----------------------------------------------------------

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

nginx:x:502:502::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin

[[email protected] tools]# pwd

/application/tools

[[email protected] tools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr  8  2015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

[[email protected] tools]# tar zxf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

[[email protected] tools]# cd nginx-1.6.3

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# ll

total 624

drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:26 auto

-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 236608 Apr  7  2015CHANGES

-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 360501 Apr  7  2015CHANGES.ru

drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:26 conf

-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001  2369 Apr  7  2015 configure

drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:26 contrib

drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:26 html

-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001  1397 Apr  7  2015 LICENSE

drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:26 man

-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001    49 Apr  7  2015 README

drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:26 src

#安装nginx

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install

[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# cd ..

[[email protected] tools]# ll

total 792

drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001  4096 Jun 29 22:33 nginx-1.6.3

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr  8  2015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

[[email protected] tools]# pwd

/application/tools

[[email protected] tools]# ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3//application/nginx

-----------------------------------------------------------

#创建rpm包要执行的脚本

[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir -p /server/scripts/

[[email protected] tmp]# cd /server/scripts/

[[email protected] scripts]# cat nginx_rpm.sh

#!/bin/bash

useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin

ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx

#做一次快照

#通过fpm命令打包rpm

[[email protected] tools]# fpm-s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 -d‘pcre-devel,openssl-devel‘ --post-install /server/scripts/nginx_rpm.sh -f/application/nginx-1.6.3/

no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil{:level=>:warn}

no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil{:level=>:warn}

Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}

[[email protected] tools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046824 Jun 29 22:39nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] tools]# sz nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

# D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

-----------------------------------------------------------

#查看rpm包信息

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -qpi nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

Name        :nginx                        Relocations:/

Version     :1.6.3                             Vendor:[email protected]

Release     :1                             Build Date: Wed 29 Jun2016 10:39:39 PM CST

Install Date: (not installed)               Build Host: m01

Group       :default                       Source RPM:nginx-1.6.3-1.src.rpm

Size        :3179846                          License:unknown

Signature   :(none)

Packager    :<[email protected]>

URL         :http://example.com/no-uri-given

Summary     : nodescription given

Description :

no description given

 

#查看rpm包内容

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf.default

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params.default

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-utf

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-win

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types.default

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf.default

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params.default

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params.default

/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/win-utf

/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/50x.html

/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/index.html

/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs

/application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx

 

#查看rpm的包依赖

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -qpR nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

pcre-devel 

openssl-devel 

/bin/sh 

rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1

rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1

 

#查看rpm自带的执行脚本，执行脚本不是以文件的形式存在rpm包中

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -qp --scriptsnginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):

#!/bin/bash

useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin

ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx

 

三、安装rpm包的三种方法(重点是第三种yum仓库)

3、1第一种，yum命令安装rpm包

[[email protected] tools]# yum localinstallnginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

#这个命令会自动先从网络安装rpm包的依赖，然后再安装nginx的rpm包。

 

3、2第二种，rpm命令安装

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

       pcre-develis needed by nginx-1.6.2-1.x86_64

      openssl-devel is needed by nginx-1.6.2-1.x86_64

但会报如上依赖错误，需要先yum安装依赖才能安装rpm包。

解决方案：

1、以第一种yum命令安装rpm包的方式

2、

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

3、如果本机已有所有的依赖包（对应上述中的nginx_yum.tar.gz），那么执行以下操作：

[[email protected] ~]# tar zxf nginx_yum.tar.gz

[[email protected] ~]#rpm -ivh --aid *rpm

#如果报下述错误

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

        file/usr/lib64/libkadm5clnt_mit.so.8.0 from install ofkrb5-libs-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64 conflicts with file from packagekrb5-libs-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64

        file/usr/lib64/libkadm5srv_mit.so.8.0 from install of krb5-libs-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64conflicts with file from package krb5-libs-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64

        file/usr/bin/openssl from install of openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64 conflictswith file from package openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64

        file/usr/lib64/.libcrypto.so.1.0.1e.hmac from install ofopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64 conflicts with file from packageopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64

        file/usr/lib64/.libssl.so.1.0.1e.hmac from install ofopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64 conflicts with file from packageopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64

………………

报错原因：rpm包冲突，使用U参数，因为有些包本地有，需要更新。

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -Uvh --aid *rpm

 

3、3第三种方法，搭建yum仓库（重点）

3、3、1服务端配置

3、3、1、1创建yum仓库

[[email protected] tools]# ls -ld /application/yum/centos6/x86_64

ls: cannot access /application/yum/centos6/x86_64: Nosuch file or directory

[[email protected] tools]# mkdir /application/yum/centos6/x86_64

mkdir: cannot create directory`/application/yum/centos6/x86_64‘: No such file or directory

[[email protected] tools]# mkdir -p /application/yum/centos6/x86_64

[[email protected] tools]# cd /application/yum/centos6/x86_64

[[email protected] x86_64]# pwd

/application/yum/centos6/x86_64

[[email protected] x86_64]# rz -y

#上传rpm包到此目录，此目录下面还可以包括文件夹

#D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

#也可以直接拿过来前面生成的nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] x86_64]# cp/application/tools/nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm /application/yum/centos6/x86_64/

[[email protected] x86_64]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046824 Jun 29 23:04nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm

 

3、3、1、2安装createrepo

[[email protected] x86_64]# rpm -qa createrepo

[[email protected] x86_64]# yum -y install createrepo

 

3、3、1、3初始化repodata索引文件

[[email protected] x86_64]# createrepo -pdo/application/yum/centos6/x86_64/ /application/yum/centos6/x86_64/

Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs

Workers Finished

Gathering worker results

 

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

Generating sqlite DBs

Sqlite DBs complete

 

3、3、1、4提供yum服务

#可以用Apache或nginx提供web服务，但用Python的http模块更简单，适用于内网环境

#先检查nginx服务是否开启

[[email protected] x86_64]# ps -ef|grep nginx

root      8370   1969  0 23:08 pts/1    00:00:00 grep nginx

[[email protected] x86_64]# ps -ef|grep 80

root      8372   1969  0 23:08 pts/1    00:00:00 grep 80

[[email protected] x86_64]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx

#如果开启，那么要先关闭，

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