Zabbix Server参数文件详解

Posted 2020-08-01 运维苦旅

Zabbix的配置文件一般有三种：

• zabbix_server.conf：zabbix server的配置文件
• zabbix_proxy.conf：zabbix proxy的配置文件
• zabbix_agentd.conf：zabbix agentd的配置文件

Zabbix安装完成后，服务端默认的配置文件存在安装文件夹中的etc目录中，假设编译的参数是“--prefix=/usr/local/zabbix”，那么服务端的配置文件则保存在“/usr/loca/zabbix/etc/”目录下。zabbix_server.conf参数除了保证服务正常运行外，还会影响服务器的性能。如果参数设定不合理可能会导致zabbix添加主机不正常、代理端数据无法正常收集或是zabbix服务器性能严重下降，经常报告CPU占用过高或是IO占用过高等问题。本文说明了zabbix server的配置文件中的通用参数和大部分高级参数的具体用法，内容如下：

############ GENERAL PARAMETERS #################

### Option: ListenPort
#       Listen port for trapper. 
//该参数用于指定服务端的监听端口，用于监听Proxy或Agent的连接请求。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-32767
# Default:
# ListenPort=10051

### Option: SourceIP
#       Source IP address for outgoing connections.
//该参数用于指定服务端的IP地址。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SourceIP=

### Option: LogType
#       Specifies where log messages are written to://zabbix的日志类型
#               system  - syslog //写入到系统日志
#               file    - file specified with LogFile parameter //写入到指定文件
#               console - standard output //写入到标准输出
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LogType=file

### Option: LogFile
#       Log file name for LogType ‘file‘ parameter.
//日志文件的存储路径
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LogFile=

LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log

### Option: LogFileSize
#       Maximum size of log file in MB.
#       0 - disable automatic log rotation.
//指定日志文件的大小，单位MB。0表示禁用日志轮转
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1024
# Default:
# LogFileSize=1

### Option: DebugLevel
#       Specifies debug level: //指定debug级别
#       0 - basic information about starting and stopping of Zabbix processes //关于进程启动和停止的基本信息
#       1 - critical information //关键信息
#       2 - error information    //错误信息
#       3 - warnings             //警告
#       4 - for debugging (produces lots of information) //调试信息
#       5 - extended debugging (produces even more information) 
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-5
# Default:
# DebugLevel=3

### Option: PidFile
#       Name of PID file.
//pid文件名
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.pid

### Option: DBHost
#       Database host name.
#       If set to localhost, socket is used for mysql.
#       If set to empty string, socket is used for PostgreSQL.
//数据库主机名，如果设置为localhost，mysql必须用socket来连接，否则用ip来连接。若该参数为空，默认连接PostgreSQL
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBHost=localhost


### Option: DBName
#       Database name.
#       For SQLite3 path to database file must be provided. DBUser and DBPassword are ignored.
//数据库名。对SQLite3来说，必须提供数据文件的路径，DBUser和DBPassword参数可忽略
#
# Mandatory: yes
# Default:
# DBName=

### Option: DBSchema
#       Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
//模式名。用于DB2或PostgreSQL数据库
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBSchema=

### Option: DBUser
#       Database user. Ignored for SQLite.
//连接数据库的用户名，SQLite忽略该参数
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBUser=

### Option: DBPassword
#       Database password. Ignored for SQLite.
#       Comment this line if no password is used.
//连接数据库的密码，SQLite忽略该参数
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBPassword=

### Option: DBSocket
#       Path to MySQL socket.
//socket文件的路径
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock

### Option: DBPort
#       Database port when not using local socket. Ignored for SQLite.
//数据库监听端口，SQLite忽略该参数
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-65535
# Default (for MySQL):
# DBPort=3306

############ ADVANCED PARAMETERS ################

### Option: StartPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of pollers.
//系统初始化时，预分配子进程数量。数量越多，则服务端吞吐能力越强，对系统资源消耗越大。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollers=5

### Option: StartIPMIPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of IPMI pollers.
//系统初始化时，预分配的使用ipmi协议获取主机硬件状态的进程数量。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartIPMIPollers=0

### Option: StartPollersUnreachable
#       Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for unreachable hosts (including IPMI and Java).
#       At least one poller for unreachable hosts must be running if regular, IPMI or Java pollers
#       are started.
//系统初始化时，预分配用于探测某些不可达主机的（含IPMI、JAVA）的进程数量；若使用场景中含有代理端，建议保持默认；若Agent较多，可视具体情况调整。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollersUnreachable=1

### Option: StartTrappers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of trappers.
#       Trappers accept incoming connections from Zabbix sender, active agents and active proxies.
#       At least one trapper process must be running to display server availability and view queue
#       in the frontend. 
//系统初始化时，预分配的用于接收zabbix sender提交来数据的进程。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartTrappers=5

### Option: StartPingers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of ICMP pingers. 
//系统初始化时，预分配的icmp ping进程的数量。若单台代理所管理机器超过500台，建议加大此数值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPingers=1

### Option: StartDiscoverers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of discoverers. 
//系统初始化时，预分配的自动发现主机的线程数量。若单台代理所管理机器超过500台，可以考虑加大此数值（仅适用于AGENT场景）
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartDiscoverers=1

### Option: StartHTTPPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of HTTP pollers. 
//系统预分配的用于设置WEB监控进程数，可视具体情况增加或减少此数值。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartHTTPPollers=1

### Option: StartTimers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of timers. 
#       Timers process time-based trigger functions and maintenance periods.
#       Only the first timer process handles the maintenance periods.
//各实例计时器数量
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-1000
# Default:
# StartTimers=1

### Option: StartEscalators
#       Number of pre-forked instances of escalators.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-100
# Default:
# StartEscalators=1

### Option: StartVMwareCollectors
#       Number of pre-forked vmware collector instances. 
//用于监控VMWARE Esxi主机实例的进程数量，为0则不启用，若要监控ESXI主机，此值最少为1 ；视监控ESXI数量设置对应数值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartVMwareCollectors=0

### Option: VMwareFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain a new data. 
//Zabbix连接WMware service获取新数据的频率
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwareFrequency=60

### Option: VMwarePerfFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain performance data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwarePerfFrequency=60

### Option: VMwareCacheSize
#       Size of VMware cache, in bytes.  
#       Shared memory size for storing VMware data.
#       Only used if VMware collectors are started.
//用于缓存VMware数据的共享内存
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 256K-2G
# Default:
# VMwareCacheSize=8M

### Option: VMwareTimeout
#       Specifies how many seconds vmware collector waits for response from VMware service.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# VMwareTimeout=10

### Option: SNMPTrapperFile
#       Temporary file used for passing data from SNMP trap daemon to the server.
#       Must be the same as in zabbix_trap_receiver.pl or SNMPTT configuration file.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SNMPTrapperFile=/tmp/zabbix_traps.tmp

### Option: StartSNMPTrapper
#       If 1, SNMP trapper process is started.
//是否启用snmptrapper功能 ，默认不启用=0，启用=1
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1
# Default:
# StartSNMPTrapper=0

### Option: ListenIP
#       List of comma delimited IP addresses that the trapper should listen on.
#       Trapper will listen on all network interfaces if this parameter is missing.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ListenIP=0.0.0.0
# ListenIP=127.0.0.1

### Option: HousekeepingFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will perform housekeeping procedure (in hours).
#       Housekeeping is removing outdated information from the database.
#       To prevent Housekeeper from being overloaded, no more than 4 times HousekeepingFrequency
#       hours of outdated information are deleted in one housekeeping cycle, for each item.
#       To lower load on server startup housekeeping is postponed for 30 minutes after server start.
#       With HousekeepingFrequency=0 the housekeeper can be only executed using the runtime control option.
#       In this case the period of outdated information deleted in one housekeeping cycle is 4 times the
#       period since the last housekeeping cycle, but not less than 4 hours and not greater than 4 days. 
//多少小时清理一次数据库的 history, alert, and alarms数据
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-24
# Default:
# HousekeepingFrequency=1

### Option: MaxHousekeeperDelete
#       The table "housekeeper" contains "tasks" for housekeeping procedure in the format:
#       [housekeeperid], [tablename], [field], [value].
#       No more than ‘MaxHousekeeperDelete‘ rows (corresponding to [tablename], [field], [value])
#       will be deleted per one task in one housekeeping cycle.
#       SQLite3 does not use this parameter, deletes all corresponding rows without a limit.
#       If set to 0 then no limit is used at all. In this case you must know what you are doing!
//housekeeping一次删除的数据不能大于MaxHousekeeperDelete
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000000
# Default:
# MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000

### Option: SenderFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will try to send unsent alerts (in seconds).
//指定间隔多少秒后，再尝试发送为发送的报警
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 5-3600
# Default:
# SenderFrequency=30

### Option: CacheSize
#       Size of configuration cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for storing host, item and trigger data. 
//分配多少共享内存用于存储配置信息，HOST,ITEM,TRIGGER数据，视监控主机数量和监控项调整，建议调整到32M或者更大，2.2.3版本之前最大支持2G，目前最大支持8G，一般用不了多少。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-8G
# Default:
# CacheSize=8M

### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will perform update of configuration cache, in seconds. 
//更新系统CACHE频率，若管理页面操作不频繁，可以考虑加大参数值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# CacheUpdateFrequency=60

### Option: StartDBSyncers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of DB Syncers. 
//将采集数据从CACHE同步到数据库线程数量，视数据库服务器I/O繁忙情况，和数据库写能力调整。数值越大，写能力越强。对数据库服务器I/O压力越大。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-100
# Default:
# StartDBSyncers=4

### Option: HistoryCacheSize
#       Size of history cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for storing history data. 
//设置划分多少共享内存用于存储采集的历史数据，此数值越大，数据库读压力越小
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryCacheSize=16M

### Option: HistoryIndexCacheSize
#       Size of history index cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for indexing history cache. 
//历史数据索引缓存
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryIndexCacheSize=4M

### Option: TrendCacheSize
#       Size of trend cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for storing trends data. 
//用于设置划分多少共享内存用于存储计算出来的趋势数据，此参数值从一定程度上可影响数据库读压力
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# TrendCacheSize=4M

### Option: ValueCacheSize
#       Size of history value cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for caching item history data requests.
#       Setting to 0 disables value cache.
//0表示禁用，history value缓存大小，当缓存超标了，将会每隔5分钟往server日志里面记录。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0,128K-64G
# Default:
# ValueCacheSize=8M

### Option: Timeout
#       Specifies how long we wait for agent, SNMP device or external check (in seconds). 
//与AGNET、SNMP设备和其它外部设备通信超时设置，单位为秒；若采集数据不完整或网络繁忙，或从管理页面发现客户端状态变化频繁，可以考虑加大此数值。注意若此数值加大，应该考虑参数StartPollers 是否有相应加大的必要。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-30
# Default:
# Timeout=3

### Option: TrapperTimeout
#       Specifies how many seconds trapper may spend processing new data. 
//启用trapper功能，用于进程等待超时设置。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# TrapperTimeout=300

### Option: UnreachablePeriod
#       After how many seconds of unreachability treat a host as unavailable.
//当Agent端处于不可用状态下，间隔多少秒后，尝试重新连接。建议根据具体情况设置。注意，若此数值过小，若Agent端业务系统繁忙时，有可能造成报警误报
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachablePeriod=45

### Option: UnavailableDelay
#       How often host is checked for availability during the unavailability period, in seconds. 
//当Agent端处于不可用状态下，间隔多少秒后，进行状态检查。若出现可正常采集数据，但管理页面AGENT状态不正常、或在网络，端口等均通畅情况下，AGENT状态仍不正常，可以考虑加大此数值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnavailableDelay=60

### Option: UnreachableDelay
#       How often host is checked for availability during the unreachability period, in seconds.
//当Agent端处于不可达状态下，延迟多少秒后，进行重新尝试，建议保持默认，在AGENT接入调试阶段，可考虑减少此数值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachableDelay=15

### Option: AlertScriptsPath
#       Full path to location of custom alert scripts. 
#       Default depends on compilation options.
//自定义告警脚本存放全路径
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts

### Option: LogSlowQueries
#       How long a database query may take before being logged (in milliseconds).
#       Only works if DebugLevel set to 3, 4 or 5.
#       0 - don‘t log slow queries. 
//用于服务端数据库慢查询功能，单位是毫秒。若有服务端数据库监控慢查询的需求，可以视具体情况调整此数。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600000
# Default:
# LogSlowQueries=0

### Option: TmpDir
#       Temporary directory.
//指定临时目录路径
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TmpDir=/tmp

### Option: StartProxyPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for passive proxies.
//启用多少子进程与代理端通信，若代理端较多可考虑加大此数值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartProxyPollers=1

### Option: ProxyConfigFrequency
#       How often Zabbix Server sends configuration data to a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
#       This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
//Zabbix服务端将配置文件数据同步到代理端的频率，仅适用于代理端为被动模式情况
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600*24*7
# Default:
# ProxyConfigFrequency=3600

### Option: ProxyDataFrequency
#       How often Zabbix Server requests history data from a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
#       This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
//Zabbix服务端请求代理端采集的数据的频率，仅适用代理端为被动模式情况
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# ProxyDataFrequency=1

### Option: AllowRoot 
#       Allow the server to run as ‘root‘. If disabled and the server is started by ‘root‘, the server
#       will try to switch to the user specified by the User configuration option instead.
#       Has no effect if started under a regular user.
#       0 - do not allow
#       1 - allow
//是否允许以root身份运行服务端
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AllowRoot=0

### Option: User
#       Drop privileges to a specific, existing user on the system.
#       Only has effect if run as ‘root‘ and AllowRoot is disabled.
//启动zabbix server的用户，在配置禁止root启动，并且当前shell用户是root得情况下有效。如果当前用户是abc，那么zabbix server的运行用户是abc
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# User=zabbix

### Option: Include
#       You may include individual files or all files in a directory in the configuration file.
#       Installing Zabbix will create include directory in /usr/local/etc, unless modified during the compile time.
//某些情况下，软件的参数配置文件很长，为了方便管理，将配置文件切割成N个配置文件，但为了主配置参数文件的简洁，便会启用INCLUDE参数，以方便程序读取指定目录下的所有配置文件
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# Include=

# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/*.conf