Struts2系列:(21)在Struts中自定义验证规则
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1、Struts实现验证的过程
通过对Struts源代码的学习,总结一下Struts如何实现验证。
在struts-default.xml文件中,有validator和workflow两个拦截器。
<interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/> <interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
概括地来说,validation拦截器是做验证,而workflow拦截器是利用validator的验证规则来决定该怎么做:如果存在错误,则返回Action.INPUT,如果不返回错误,则继续执行ActionInvocation的invoke方法。
接下来,我们来仔细的探讨一下validation拦截器,它对应的类是org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor。
AnnotationValidatorInterceptor类继承自ValidationInterceptor类
public class AnnotationValidationInterceptor extends ValidationInterceptor { //... }
ValidatorInterceptor类继承自MethodFilterInterceptor类
在它的类的注释中有这样的话:This interceptor runs the action through the standard validation framework, which in turn checks the action against any validation rules (found in files such as ActionClass-validation.xml) and adds field-level and action-level error messages (provided that the action implements com.opensymphony.xwork2.ValidationAware).
也就是说,如果ValidatorInterceptor类作为拦截器的时候,它会让standard validation framework check the action any validation rules,当然这些validation rules包括在ActionClass-validation中做的验证规则。
/** *ValidationInterceptor可以引导action经过the standard validation framework。 *如果the standard validation framework查找到任何与validation rules相违背的地方, *就会添加field-level或者是action-level的错误信息(前提是实现了ValidationAware接口)。 *This interceptor runs the action through the standard validation framework, *which in turn checks the action against any validation rules (found in files *such as ActionClass-validation.xml) and adds field-level and action-level error messages *(provided that the action implements com.opensymphony.xwork2.ValidationAware). *这个拦截器常常是拦截器栈的最后一个。 *This interceptor is often one of the last (or second to last) interceptors applied in a stack, *as it assumes that all values have already been set on the action. * *如果为当前拦截器指定了excludeMethods参数,excludeMethods参数里包含的方法就不会被拦截。 *This interceptor does nothing if the name of the method being invoked is specified *in the "excludeMethods" parameter. "excludeMethods" accepts a comma-delimited list of method names. *For example, requests to "foo!input.action" and "foo!back.action" will be skipped by this interceptor *if you set the "excludeMethods" parameter to "input, back". * *The workflow of the action request does not change due to this interceptor. *Rather, this interceptor is often used in conjuction with the workflow interceptor. */ public class ValidationInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { //... }
在上面,我们总结这样的结论:
如果ValidatorInterceptor类作为拦截器的时候,它会让standard validation framework check the action any validation rules,当然这些validation rules包括在ActionClass-validation中做的验证规则。
而AnnotationValidatorInterceptor类继承自ValidationInterceptor类,因此当AnnotationValidatorInterceptor类注册为拦截器的时候,也会检验这些validation rules。
在这里要区分两个概念:验证拦截器和验证器。验证拦截器(ValidatorInterceptor),本质上就是拦截器,它的功能是:拦截住request请求,然后调用验证器(Validator)进行验证。
2、自定义验证规则
2.1、自定义验证规则的步骤
自定义验证规则,包括3个步骤:
(1)自定义验证程序必须实现 Validator 接口
Validator 接口有一个方法:
void validate(java.lang.Object object)
需要开发者进行覆盖。
另外ValidatorSupport 、 FieldValidatorSupport 实现了 Validator 接口
若需要普通的验证程序, 可以继承 ValidatorSupport 类
若需要field验证程序, 可以继承 FieldValidatorSupport 类
(2)注册
在类路径(src)下的 validators.xml 文件里注册
(3)应用
在Action的校验文件(Action类名-validation.xml)中添加校验器
Validator接口的源代码定义如下:
public interface Validator<T> { /** * The validation implementation must guarantee that setValidatorContext will * be called with a non-null ValidatorContext before validate is called. * * @param object the object to be validated. * @throws ValidationException is thrown if there is validation error(s). */ void validate(Object object) throws ValidationException; //其它代码省略。。。 }
2.2、示例
a)自定义规则类
PositiveNumberValidator.java
package com.rk.strut.j_validation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationException; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldValidatorSupport; public class PositiveNumberValidator extends FieldValidatorSupport { @Override public void validate(Object object) throws ValidationException { String fieldName = getFieldName(); Object fieldValue = this.getFieldValue(fieldName, object); if(fieldValue instanceof java.lang.Integer) { Integer value = Integer.parseInt(fieldValue.toString()); //如果小于0,则添加Field Error if(value<=0) { super.addFieldError(fieldName, object); } } } }
b)在src下的validators.xml下注册该规则
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator Definition 1.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-definition-1.0.dtd"> <validators> <validator name="positivenum" class="com.rk.strut.j_validation.PositiveNumberValidator"></validator> </validators>
c)使用校验规则
建立StudentAction.java,并在该StudentAction.java同一包下建立StudentAction-validation.xml文件中
StudentAction.java
package com.rk.strut.j_validation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class StudentAction extends ActionSupport { private int weight; public int getWeight() { return weight; } public void setWeight(int weight) { this.weight = weight; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { return Action.SUCCESS; } }
StudentAction-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.dtd"> <validators> <field name="weight"> <field-validator type="positivenum"> <message>必须输入正数</message> </field-validator> </field> </validators>
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