Qt Quick里的图形效果:阴影(Drop Shadow)
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Qt Quick提供了两种阴影效果:
- DropShow,阴影。这个元素会根据源图像,产生一个彩色的、模糊的新图像,把这个新图像放在源图像后面,给人一种源图像从背景上凸出来的效果。
- InnerShadow,内阴影。这个元素会根据源图像,产生一个彩色的、模糊的新图像,与 DropShadow不同的是,新图像会放在源图像里面。
效果
下面是我设计的示例效果。
首先是 DropShadow :
图1 阴影效果
然后是内阴影效果:
图2 内阴影效果
源码分析
如图1所示,界面被分为三部分。
最上面的是源图像。
源图像下面(即中间)是一个列表,你可以点击 DropShadow 和 InnerShadow 两个子项,切换不同的阴影效果。每种阴影效果都对应一个 qml 文档,当你点击这些子项时,对应的 qml 文档动态加载。
阴影示例界面
这个示例界面框架其实与“Qt Quick里的图形效果——颜色(Color)”是一致的,只是我把 ListView 从原来的竖向改为了横向。对应的 DropShadowExample.qml 内容如下:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- import QtQuick.Controls 1.2
- Rectangle {
- id: example;
- signal back();
- anchors.fill: parent;
- Text {
- id: origLabel;
- x: 10;
- y: 4;
- font.pointSize: 20;
- text: "Original Image";
- }
- Button {
- anchors.right: parent.right;
- anchors.top: parent.top;
- anchors.margins: 4;
- text: "Back";
- onClicked: example.back();
- }
- Image {
- id: origImage;
- width: 240;
- height: 240;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.top: origLabel.bottom;
- anchors.margins: 4;
- source: "butterfly.png";
- sourceSize: Qt.size(240, 240);
- smooth: true;
- }
- Rectangle{
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.right: parent.right;
- anchors.rightMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: origImage.bottom;
- height: 2;
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- }
- Text {
- id: effectsLabel;
- anchors.top: origImage.bottom;
- anchors.margins: 4;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- font.pointSize: 20;
- font.bold: true;
- text: "Shadow Effects:";
- color: "blue";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: shadowEffects;
- anchors.left: effectsLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: effectsLabel.top;
- anchors.right: parent.right;
- anchors.rightMargin: 4;
- height: 40;
- color: "gray";
- ListView {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- clip: true;
- focus: true;
- orientation: ListView.Horizontal;
- spacing: 20;
- delegate: Text {
- id: wrapper;
- height: 40;
- verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter;
- text: name;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- Keys.onEnterPressed: {
- event.accepted = true;
- effectControl.source = example;
- }
- Keys.onReturnPressed: {
- event.accepted = true;
- effectControl.source = example;
- }
- MouseArea {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- onClicked: {
- wrapper.ListView.view.currentIndex = index;
- effectControl.source = example;
- }
- }
- }
- highlight: Rectangle {
- height: parent.height;
- color: "lightblue";
- }
- model: shadowsModel;
- }
- }
- Loader {
- id: effectControl;
- anchors.top: shadowEffects.bottom;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.bottom: parent.bottom;
- anchors.right: parent.right;
- anchors.margins: 4;
- source: "DropShadowEx.qml";
- }
- ListModel {
- id: shadowsModel;
- ListElement {
- name: "DropShadow";
- example: "DropShadowEx.qml";
- }
- ListElement {
- name: "InnerShadow";
- example: "InnerShadowEx.qml";
- }
- }
- }
DropShawExample.qml 会被“Qt Quick里的图形效果(Graphical Effects)”里介绍过的 main.qml 动态加载。
阴影效果
阴影效果对应的 DropShadowEx.qml 内容如下:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- import QtGraphicalEffects 1.0
- import QtQuick.Controls 1.2
- Rectangle {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- Image {
- id: opImage;
- x: 4;
- y: 4;
- width: 250;
- height: 250;
- source: "butterfly.png";
- sourceSize: Qt.size(250, 250);
- smooth: true;
- visible: false;
- }
- DropShadow {
- id: dropshadow;
- anchors.fill: opImage;
- source: opImage;
- }
- Rectangle {
- anchors.left: opImage.right;
- anchors.top: opImage.top;
- anchors.right: parent.right;
- anchors.bottom: parent.bottom;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- color: "lightsteelblue";
- CheckBox {
- id: fast;
- anchors.top: parent.top;
- anchors.topMargin: 4;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- checked: false;
- text: "fast";
- }
- CheckBox {
- id: transparentBorder;
- anchors.left: fast.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 8;
- anchors.top: fast.top;
- checked: false;
- text: "transparentBorder";
- }
- Text {
- id: colorLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: fast.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "shadow color:";
- }
- ColorPicker {
- id: shadowColor;
- anchors.left: colorLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: colorLabel.top;
- width: 90;
- height: 28;
- color: "#ff000000";
- }
- Text {
- id: sampleLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: shadowColor.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "samples:";
- }
- Slider {
- id: sampleSlider;
- anchors.left: sampleLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: sampleLabel.top;
- minimumValue: 0;
- maximumValue: 32;
- value: 0.0;
- width: 160;
- height: 30;
- stepSize: 1.0;
- }
- Text {
- id: spreadLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: sampleSlider.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "spread:";
- }
- Slider {
- id: spreadSlider;
- anchors.left: spreadLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: spreadLabel.top;
- value: 0.5;
- width: 160;
- height: 30;
- }
- Text {
- id: radiusLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: spreadSlider.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "radius:";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: radiusArea;
- anchors.left: radiusLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: radiusLabel.top;
- height: 30;
- width: 160;
- color: "lightgray";
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- TextInput {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- id: radiusEdit;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- text: "0.0";
- validator: DoubleValidator{bottom: 0;}
- }
- }
- Text {
- id: voffLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: radiusArea.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "verticalOffset:";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: voffArea;
- anchors.left: voffLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: voffLabel.top;
- height: 30;
- width: 160;
- color: "lightgray";
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- TextInput {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- id: voffEdit;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- text: "0.0";
- validator: DoubleValidator{}
- }
- }
- Text {
- id: hoffLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: voffArea.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "horizontalOffset:";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: hoffArea;
- anchors.left: hoffLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: hoffLabel.top;
- height: 30;
- width: 160;
- color: "lightgray";
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- TextInput {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- id: hoffEdit;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- text: "0.0";
- validator: DoubleValidator{}
- }
- }
- Button {
- id: applyBtn;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: hoffArea.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 12;
- text: "Apply";
- onClicked: {
- dropshadow.color = shadowColor.color;
- dropshadow.fast = fast.checked;
- dropshadow.transparentBorder = transparentBorder.checked;
- dropshadow.samples = sampleSlider.value;
- dropshadow.radius = parseFloat(radiusEdit.text);
- dropshadow.verticalOffset = voffEdit.text;
- dropshadow.horizontalOffset = hoffEdit.text;
- dropshadow.spread = spreadSlider.value;
- }
- }
- }
- }
代码比较简单,不细说了。我们看看 DropShadow 元素的各个属性都什么含义吧。
- source,variant类型,指向源Item
- horizontalOffset 与verticalOffset,real类型,指定阴影相对于源Item的水平和垂直偏移量,默认为 0
- radius,real类型,设置阴影的柔和程度,值越大,阴影的边缘就会显得越柔和
- sample,int类型,指定生成阴影时阴影的每个像素由多少个采样点产生,采样点越多阴影效果越好,不过也越慢。一般可以把这个值设置为 radius的2倍。
- spread,real类型,指定如何强化阴影接近源 Item 边缘的部分,取值范围为 0.0 -- 1.0 ,默认为 0.5
未提及的属性都比较简单,想 cached 、 fast 、 transparentBorder 等,之前的文章也提到过。
内阴影
内阴影效果对应的 InnerShadowEx.qml 内容如下:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- import QtGraphicalEffects 1.0
- import QtQuick.Controls 1.2
- Rectangle {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- Image {
- id: opImage;
- x: 4;
- y: 4;
- width: 250;
- height: 250;
- source: "butterfly.png";
- sourceSize: Qt.size(250, 250);
- smooth: true;
- visible: false;
- }
- InnerShadow {
- id: innershadow;
- anchors.fill: opImage;
- source: opImage;
- }
- Rectangle {
- anchors.left: opImage.right;
- anchors.top: opImage.top;
- anchors.right: parent.right;
- anchors.bottom: parent.bottom;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- color: "lightsteelblue";
- CheckBox {
- id: fast;
- anchors.top: parent.top;
- anchors.topMargin: 4;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- checked: false;
- text: "fast";
- }
- Text {
- id: colorLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: fast.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "shadow color:";
- }
- ColorPicker {
- id: shadowColor;
- anchors.left: colorLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: colorLabel.top;
- width: 90;
- height: 28;
- color: "#ff000000";
- }
- Text {
- id: sampleLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: shadowColor.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "samples:";
- }
- Slider {
- id: sampleSlider;
- anchors.left: sampleLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: sampleLabel.top;
- minimumValue: 0;
- maximumValue: 32;
- value: 0.0;
- width: 160;
- height: 30;
- stepSize: 1.0;
- }
- Text {
- id: spreadLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: sampleSlider.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "spread:";
- }
- Slider {
- id: spreadSlider;
- anchors.left: spreadLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: spreadLabel.top;
- value: 0.5;
- width: 160;
- height: 30;
- }
- Text {
- id: radiusLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: spreadSlider.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "radius:";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: radiusArea;
- anchors.left: radiusLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: radiusLabel.top;
- height: 30;
- width: 160;
- color: "lightgray";
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- TextInput {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- id: radiusEdit;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- text: "0.0";
- validator: DoubleValidator{bottom: 0;}
- }
- }
- Text {
- id: voffLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: radiusArea.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "verticalOffset:";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: voffArea;
- anchors.left: voffLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: voffLabel.top;
- height: 30;
- width: 160;
- color: "lightgray";
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- TextInput {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- id: voffEdit;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- text: "0.0";
- validator: DoubleValidator{}
- }
- }
- Text {
- id: hoffLabel;
- anchors.left: fast.left;
- anchors.top: voffArea.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 8;
- text: "verticalOffset:";
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: hoffArea;
- anchors.left: hoffLabel.right;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: hoffLabel.top;
- height: 30;
- width: 160;
- color: "lightgray";
- border.width: 1;
- border.color: "darkgray";
- TextInput {
- anchors.fill: parent;
- anchors.margins: 2;
- id: hoffEdit;
- font.pointSize: 18;
- text: "0.0";
- validator: DoubleValidator{}
- }
- }
- Button {
- id: applyBtn;
- anchors.left: parent.left;
- anchors.leftMargin: 4;
- anchors.top: hoffArea.bottom;
- anchors.topMargin: 12;
- text: "Apply";
- onClicked: {
- &nbs
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