Python Tkinter编程

Posted 2020-08-01

Python提供了开发图形用户界面（GUI）的各种方案。下面列出最重要如下:

• Tkinter: Tkinter的是Tk的GUI工具包，与Python附带的Python接口。在本教程中我们将看看这个选项.

• wxPython: 这是一个开源的Python接口的wxWindows http://wxpython.org.

• JPython: JPython的是一个用于Java的Python端口，

  这使得Python脚本在本地机器上的无缝接入到Java类库http://www.jython.org.

有很多可用它，我这里没有列出的其他接口。您可以通过网络找到它们.

Tkinter 编程:

TkInter是标准的Python GUI库。的Python与Tkinter的结合提供了一个快速和容易的方法来创建GUI应用程序。 Tkinter的提供了一个强大的面向对象的接口Tk的GUI工具包.

使用Tkinter创建一个GUI应用程序是一件容易的事。所有你需要做的是执行以下步骤:

• 导入Tkinter模块.

• 创建GUI应用程序的主窗口.

• 添加上述部件之一或更多的GUI应用程序.

• 进入主事件循环的由用户触发每个事件响应.

例子:

#!/usr/bin/python

import Tkinter
top = Tkinter.Tk()
# Code to add widgets will go here...
top.mainloop()

这将创建一个下面的窗口:

Tkinter的部件:

Tkinter的提供各种控件，如按钮，标签和文本框，一个GUI应用程序中使用。这些控件通常被称为部件.

目前有15种Tkinter的部件。我们提出这些部件以及一个简短的介绍，在下面的表:

Operator	Description
Button	The Button widget is used to display buttons in your application.
Canvas	The Canvas widget is used to draw shapes, such as lines, ovals, polygons, and rectangles, in your application.
Checkbutton	The Checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options as checkboxes. The user can select multiple options at a time.
Entry	The Entry widget is used to display a single-line text field for accepting values from a user.
Frame	The Frame widget is used as a container widget to organize other widgets.
Label	The Label widget is used to provide a single-line caption for other widgets. It can also contain images.
Listbox	The Listbox widget is used to provide a list of options to a user.
Menubutton	The Menubutton widget is used to display menus in your application.
Menu	The Menu widget is used to provide various commands to a user. These commands are contained inside Menubutton.
Message	The Message widget is used to display multiline text fields for accepting values from a user.
Radiobutton	The Radiobutton widget is used to display a number of options as radio buttons. The user can select only one option at a time.
Scale	The Scale widget is used to provide a slider widget.
Scrollbar	The Scrollbar widget is used to add scrolling capability to various widgets, such as list boxes.
Text	The Text widget is used to display text in multiple lines.
Toplevel	The Toplevel widget is used to provide a separate window container.
Spinbox	The Spinbox widget is a variant of the standard Tkinter Entry widget, which can be used to select from a fixed number of values.
PanedWindow	A PanedWindow is a container widget that may contain any number of panes, arranged horizontally or vertically.
LabelFrame	A labelframe is a simple container widget. Its primary purpose is to act as a spacer or container for complex window layouts.
tkMessageBox	This module is used to display message boxes in your applications.

标准属性:

让我们来看看如何他们的一些共同的属性。如大小，颜色和字体指定.

• Dimensions

• Colors

• Fonts

• Anchors

• Relief styles

• Bitmaps

• Cursors

几何管理:

Tkinter的部件有特定几何形状的管理方法，整个小部件父控件区域组织的目的。 Tkinter的公开以下几何经理类：包装，网格，位置.

• pack()方法 - 这个的几何管理器组织之前，将其放置在他们的父widget块部件.

• grid()方法 - 这的几何管理器组织表状结构中的小部件的父部件.

• place()方法 - 这个的几何管理器组织放置在一个特定的位置，在他们的父widget部件.