每天一个Linux命令(61)killall命令

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    killall命令用进程的名字来杀死进程。

 

    (1)用法:

    用法:  killall [ -egiqvw ] [ -signal ] [进程名称]

格式:killall -<signame> <command-name> 
格式:killall -<signum> <command-name> 
    发送指定的信号到名字为<command-name>的所有进程。指定的信号可以是名称<signame>,也可以是信号对应的数字<signum>。
下面是常用的信号:
第一列为<signame>,第二列为<signum>,第三列为信号的含义。 
HUP       1       终端断线 
INT       2       中断(同 Ctrl + C) 
QUIT      3       退出(同 Ctrl + \) 
KILL      9       强制终止 
TERM     15       终止 
CONT     18       继续(与STOP相反, fg/bg命令) 
STOP     19       暂停(同 Ctrl + Z

 

    (2)功能:

    功能:  用来结束同名的的所有进程

    我们可以使用kill命令杀死指定进程PID的进程,如果要找到我们需要杀死的进程,我们还需要在之前使用ps等命令再配合grep来查找进程,而killall把这两个过程合二为一,是一个很好用的命令。

     killall发送一条信号给所有运行任意指定命令的进程. 如果没有指定信号名, 则发送 SIGTERM。

 

    (3)选项参数:

      1) -I         在发送信号给指定名称的进程时忽略大小写

      2) -i         交互模式,杀死进程前先询问用户

      3) -e          要求匹配进程名称(当进程名大于15个字符时有用http://os.51cto.com/art/201405/437678.htm)

      4) -s         发送指定的信号

      5) -v         报告信号是否发送成功

      6) -w        等待所有杀的进程死去。killall 会每秒检查一次是否任何被杀的进程仍然存在, 仅当都死光后才返回. 

               注意: 如果信号被忽略或没有起作用, 或者进程停留在僵尸状态, killall 可能会永久等待。

 

    (4)实例:

      1)[[email protected] sunmeng]# killall -9 bash

[[email protected] sunmeng]# ps -ef |grep bash
root        826      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:01 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtuned
sunmeng    8914   8772  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic gnome-session --session gnome-classic"
sunmeng   71359  71351  0 07:10 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
root      71399  71392  0 07:10 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
root      71439  71399  0 07:10 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto bash
[[email protected] sunmeng]# killall bash      //并没有起到任何作用
[[email protected] sunmeng]# ps -ef |grep bash
root        826      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:01 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtuned
sunmeng    8914   8772  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic gnome-session --session gnome-classic"
sunmeng   71359  71351  0 07:10 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
root      71399  71392  0 07:10 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
root      71450  71399  0 07:10 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto bash

      当使用killall -9 bash时将会退出root和用户的登录。

      2)[[email protected] Documents]# killall -9 vi        杀死进程名为vi的所有进程

[[email protected] Documents]# vi text1.txt    

[2]+  已停止               vi text1.txt
[[email protected] Documents]# vi text2.txt

[3]+  已停止               vi text2.txt
[[email protected] Documents]# ps -ef | grep "vi"
root        784      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD
root       1313      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
sunmeng    9044      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:04 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service
sunmeng    9080      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service
root      71852  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text1.txt
root      71856  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text2.txt
root      71861  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto vi
[[email protected] Documents]# ps -ef |grep "text"      //根据text能找着名字为vi的进程
root      71852  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text1.txt
root      71856  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text2.txt
root      71868  71399  0 07:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto text
[[email protected] Documents]# killall text        //但并不能通过它来删除进程     
text: no process found
[[email protected] Documents]# killall vi        //还是不起效果
[[email protected] Documents]# ps -ef | grep "vi"
root        784      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD
root       1313      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
sunmeng    9044      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:04 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service
sunmeng    9080      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service
root      71852  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text1.txt
root      71856  71399  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text2.txt
root      71920  71399  0 07:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto vi
[[email protected] Documents]# killall -9 vi      //经过测试,只有加上-9才会起作用
[2]-  已杀死               vi text1.txt
[3]+  已杀死               vi text2.txt

      3)[[email protected] Documents]# killall -l      打印所有已知信号列表

[[email protected] Documents]# killall -l
HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT IOT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM
STKFLT CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM PROF WINCH IO PWR SYS
UNUSED
[[email protected] Documents]# kill -l
 1) SIGHUP       2) SIGINT       3) SIGQUIT          4) SIGILL       5) SIGTRAP
 6) SIGABRT       7) SIGBUS       8) SIGFPE          9) SIGKILL      10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV       12) SIGUSR2      13) SIGPIPE        14) SIGALRM      15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT     17) SIGCHLD      18) SIGCONT        19) SIGSTOP      20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN       22) SIGTTOU       23) SIGURG         24) SIGXCPU      25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM     27) SIGPROF       28) SIGWINCH       29) SIGIO        30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS        34) SIGRTMIN      35) SIGRTMIN+1     36) SIGRTMIN+2   37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4    39) SIGRTMIN+5    40) SIGRTMIN+6     41) SIGRTMIN+7   42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9    44) SIGRTMIN+10   45) SIGRTMIN+11    46) SIGRTMIN+12  47) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14   49) SIGRTMIN+15   50) SIGRTMAX-14    51) SIGRTMAX-13  52) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11   54) SIGRTMAX-10   55) SIGRTMAX-9     56) SIGRTMAX-8   57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6    59) SIGRTMAX-5    60) SIGRTMAX-4     61) SIGRTMAX-3   62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1    64) SIGRTMAX    

      4)[[email protected] Documents]# killall -s TERM vi      发送指定的信号给指定名称的进程

[[email protected] Documents]# killall -s TERM vi
[[email protected] Documents]# ps -ef | grep vi
root        784      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD
root       1313      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
sunmeng    9044      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:04 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service
sunmeng    9080      1  0 6月26 ?       00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service
root      72199  71399  0 07:27 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text1.txt
root      72768  71399  0 07:49 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text1.txt
root      72773  71399  0 07:49 pts/0    00:00:00 vi text2.txt
root      72902  71399  0 07:52 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto vi
[[email protected] Documents]# killall TERM vi
TERM: no process found
[[email protected] Documents]# killall -s KILL vi
[3]-  已杀死               vi text1.txt
[4]+  已杀死               vi text2.txt
[2]+  已杀死               vi text1.txt

      5)[[email protected] Documents]# killall -w -s 9 ping      发送信号给指定进程,等待它被杀死

[[email protected] Documents]# ps -ef | grep "ping"
root      73631  71399  0 08:13 pts/0    00:00:00 ping 192.168.0.18
root      73649  71399  0 08:13 pts/0    00:00:00 ping -b 192.168.0.18
root      73703  71399  0 08:16 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ping
[[email protected] Documents]# killall -w -s -9 ping
-9: 未知的信号; killall -l 显示信号列表。
[[email protected] Documents]# killall -w -s 9 ping
[6]-  已杀死               ping 192.168.0.18
[7]+  已杀死               ping -b 192.168.0.18
[[email protected] Documents]# ps -ef | grep "ping"
root      73736  71399  0 08:16 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ping

      6)[[email protected] Documents]# killall -help

[[email protected] Documents]# killall -help
Usage: killall [-Z 上下文] [-u 用户名] [ -eIgiqrvw ] [ -信号 ] 程序名...
       killall -l, --list
       killall -V, --version

  -e,--exact          require exact match for very long names
  -I,--ignore-case    case insensitive process name match
  -g,--process-group  kill process group instead of process
  -y,--younger-than   kill processes younger than TIME
  -o,--older-than     kill processes older than TIME
  -i,--interactive    ask for confirmation before killing
  -l,--list           list all known signal names
  -q,--quiet          dont print complaints
  -r,--regexp         interpret NAME as an extended regular expression
  -s,--signal SIGNAL  send this signal instead of SIGTERM     //
  -u,--user USER      kill only process(es) running as USER
  -v,--verbose        report if the signal was successfully sent
  -V,--version        display version information
  -w,--wait           wait for processes to die
  -Z,--context 正则表达式 仅杀死含有指定上下文的进程
                          (必须在其他参数前使用)

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