Django rest framework ---版本

Posted 2023-01-01 xlhit

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版本

新建一个工程Myproject和一个app名为api

（1）api/models.py

from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    USER_TYPE = (
        (1,‘普通用户‘),
        (2,‘VIP‘),
        (3,‘SVIP‘)
    )

    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    group = models.ForeignKey(‘UserGroup‘,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    roles = models.ManyToManyField(‘Role‘)


class UserToken(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(‘UserInfo‘,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class UserGroup(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)


class Role(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

（2）Myproject/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    url(r‘^api/‘, include(‘api.urls‘)),
]

（3）api/urls.py

# api/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

from api.views import UserView
urlpatterns = [
    # url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    url(r‘^users/‘, UserView.as_view()),
]

（4）views.py

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning

class UserView(APIView):

    versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        #获取版本
        print(request.version)
        return HttpResponse(‘用户列表‘)

（5）settings.py

#版本
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    "DEFAULT_VERSION":‘v1‘,               #默认的版本
    "ALLOWED_VERSIONS":[‘v1‘,‘v2‘],       #允许的版本
    "VERSION_PARAM":‘version‘             #GET方式url中参数的名字  ?version=xxx

1.url中通过GET传参

QueryParameterVersioning用于去GET参数中取version

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/?version=v2

后台可以看到当前的版本

技术图片

如果url中没有传版本参数，则显示默认的版本（"DEFAULT_VERSION":‘v1‘）

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/

技术图片

如果url传的版本超过settings中的允许范围则报错

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/?version=v3

技术图片

2.在URLPATH中获取

（1）修改api/urls.py

通常情况我门应该用URLPATH的方式，而不是用前面GET()传参方式

url里面通过正则表达式定义哪些版本,

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

from api.views import UserView
urlpatterns = [
    # url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    # url(r‘^users/‘, UserView.as_view()),
    url(‘(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/‘, UserView.as_view()),
]

（2）views.py

URLPathVersioning:去url路径里面获取版本

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning

class UserView(APIView):

    versioning_class = URLPathVersioning

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        #获取版本
        print(request.version)
        return HttpResponse(‘用户列表‘)

这个URLPathVersioning我们可以放到settings里面，全局配置，就不用写到views里面，每个类都要写一遍了

settings.py

# 版本
# REST_FRAMEWORK = 
#     "DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
#     "DEFAULT_VERSION":‘v1‘,               #默认的版本
#     "ALLOWED_VERSIONS":[‘v1‘,‘v2‘],       #允许的版本
#     "VERSION_PARAM":‘version‘             #get方式url中参数的名字  ?version=xxx
# 

#全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    "DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",

修改views.py

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        #获取版本
        print(request.version)
        return HttpResponse(‘用户列表‘)

浏览器访问地址

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/users/

然后后台拿到版本信息

3.反向解析访问的url

1）api/urls.py

添加name = ‘api_user‘

# api/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

from api.views import UserView
urlpatterns = [
    url(‘(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/‘, UserView.as_view(),name=‘api_user‘),
]

（2）views.py

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        #获取版本
        print(request.version)
        #获取处理版本的对象
        print(request.versioning_scheme)
        #获取浏览器访问的url，reverse反向解析
        #需要两个参数：viewname就是url中的别名，request=request是url中要传入的参数
        #(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/，这里本来需要传version的参数，但是version包含在request里面（源码里面可以看到），所有只需要request=request就可以
        url_path = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(viewname=‘api_user‘,request=request)
        print(url_path)
        # self.dispatch
        return HttpResponse(‘用户列表‘)

浏览器访问

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/users/

后台获取

技术图片

源码流程

（1）dispatch

 def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        `.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django‘s regular dispatch,
        but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
        """
        self.args = args
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        #对原始request进行加工，丰富了一些功能
        #Request(
        #     request,
        #     parsers=self.get_parsers(),
        #     authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),
        #     negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),
        #     parser_context=parser_context
        # )
        #request(原始request,[BasicAuthentications对象，])
        #获取原生request,request._request
        #获取认证类的对象，request.authticators
        #1.封装request
        request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
        self.request = request
        self.headers = self.default_response_headers  # deprecate?

        try:
            #2.认证
            self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)

            # Get the appropriate handler method
            if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
                handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
                                  self.http_method_not_allowed)
            else:
                handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

            response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

        except Exception as exc:
            response = self.handle_exception(exc)

        self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
        return self.response

（2）initial

    def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.
        """
        self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)

        # Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request
        neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)
        request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg

        # Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.
        #request.version获取版本信息
        #request.versioning_scheme获取处理版本你的对象
        version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)
        request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme

        # Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
        #4.实现认证
        self.perform_authentication(request)
        #5.权限判断
        self.check_permissions(request)
        #6.控制访问频率
        self.check_throttles(request)

（3）determine_version

 def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        If versioning is being used, then determine any API version for the
        incoming request. Returns a two-tuple of (version, versioning_scheme)
        """
        if self.versioning_class is None:
            return (None, None)
        scheme = self.versioning_class()
        return (scheme.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs), scheme)

（4）versioning_class

技术图片

URLPathVersioning源码

class URLPathVersioning(BaseVersioning):
    """
    To the client this is the same style as `NamespaceVersioning`.
    The difference is in the backend - this implementation uses
    Django‘s URL keyword arguments to determine the version.

    An example URL conf for two views that accept two different versions.

    urlpatterns = [
        url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/$‘, users_list, name=‘users-list‘),
        url(r‘^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$‘, users_detail, name=‘users-detail‘)
    ]

    GET /1.0/something/ HTTP/1.1
    Host: example.com
    Accept: application/json
    """
    invalid_version_message = _(‘Invalid version in URL path.‘)

    def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        version = kwargs.get(self.version_param, self.default_version)
        if not self.is_allowed_version(version):
            raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message)
        return version

    def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra):
        if request.version is not None:
            kwargs =  if (kwargs is None) else kwargs
            kwargs[self.version_param] = request.version

        return super(URLPathVersioning, self).reverse(
            viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra
        )

可以看到

（1）url配置

技术图片

（2）determine_version

里面有个is_allowed_version，点进去可以看到一些基本参数（继承BaseVersioning基类）

class BaseVersioning(object):
    #默认的版本
    default_version = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSION
    #允许的版本
    allowed_versions = api_settings.ALLOWED_VERSIONS
    #默认参数（是version，比如你可以自定义为v）
    version_param = api_settings.VERSION_PARAM

    def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        msg = ‘cls.determine_version() must be implemented.‘
        raise NotImplementedError(msg.format(
            cls=self.__class__.__name__
        ))

    def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra):
        return _reverse(viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra)

    def is_allowed_version(self, version):
        if not self.allowed_versions:
            return True
        return ((version is not None and version == self.default_version) or
                (version in self.allowed_versions))

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