RocketMQ的顺序消费和事务消费

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一、三种消费 :1.普通消费 2. 顺序消费 3.事务消费

1.1  顺序消费:在网购的时候,我们需要下单,那么下单需要假如有三个顺序,第一、创建订单 ,第二:订单付款,第三:订单完成。也就是这个三个环节要有顺序,这个订单才有意义。RocketMQ可以保证顺序消费,他的实现是生产者(一个生产者可以对多个主题去发送消息)将这个三个消息放在topic(一个topic默认有4个队列)的一个队列里面,单机支持上万个持久化队列,消费端去消费的时候也是只能有一个Consumer去取得这个队列里面的数据,然后顺序消费。

单个节点(Producer端1个、Consumer端1个)

Producer端

    package order;
     
    import java.util.List;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.MessageQueueSelector;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
     
    /**
     * Producer,发送顺序消息
     */
    public class Producer 
        public static void main(String[] args) 
            try 
                DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order_Producer");
                producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
     
                producer.start();
     
                // String[] tags = new String[]  "TagA", "TagB", "TagC", "TagD",
                // "TagE" ;
     
                for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) 
     
                    Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_1", "KEY" + i, ("order_1 " + i).getBytes());
     
                    SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() 
                        public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) 
                            Integer id = (Integer) arg;
                            int index = id % mqs.size();
                            return mqs.get(index);
                        
                    , 0);
     
                    System.out.println(sendResult);
                
     
                producer.shutdown();
             catch (MQClientException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (RemotingException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (MQBrokerException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (InterruptedException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
            
        
    

Consumer端代码

    package order;
     
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyContext;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyStatus;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerOrderly;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
     
    /**
     * 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交)
     */
    public class Consumer1 
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException 
            DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_Consumer");
            consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
     
            /**
             * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br>
             * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费
             */
            consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
     
            consumer.subscribe("TopicOrderTest", "*");
     
            consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() 
                AtomicLong consumeTimes = new AtomicLong(0);
     
                public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) 
                    // 设置自动提交
                    context.setAutoCommit(true);
                    for (MessageExt msg : msgs) 
                        System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
                    
     
                    try 
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5L);
                     catch (InterruptedException e) 
     
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    
                    ;
     
                    return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
                
            );
     
            consumer.start();
     
            System.out.println("Consumer1 Started.");
        
     
    

结果如下图所示:
技术图片

 

这个五条数据被顺序消费了


多个节点(Producer端1个、Consumer端2个)

Producer端代码:

    package order;
     
    import java.util.List;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.MessageQueueSelector;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
     
    /**
     * Producer,发送顺序消息
     */
    public class Producer 
        public static void main(String[] args) 
            try 
                DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order_Producer");
                producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
     
                producer.start();
     
                // String[] tags = new String[]  "TagA", "TagB", "TagC", "TagD",
                // "TagE" ;
     
                for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) 
     
                    Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_1", "KEY" + i, ("order_1 " + i).getBytes());
     
                    SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() 
                        public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) 
                            Integer id = (Integer) arg;
                            int index = id % mqs.size();
                            return mqs.get(index);
                        
                    , 0);
     
                    System.out.println(sendResult);
                
                for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) 
     
                    Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_2", "KEY" + i, ("order_2 " + i).getBytes());
     
                    SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() 
                        public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) 
                            Integer id = (Integer) arg;
                            int index = id % mqs.size();
                            return mqs.get(index);
                        
                    , 1);
     
                    System.out.println(sendResult);
                
                for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) 
     
                    Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_3", "KEY" + i, ("order_3 " + i).getBytes());
     
                    SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() 
                        public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) 
                            Integer id = (Integer) arg;
                            int index = id % mqs.size();
                            return mqs.get(index);
                        
                    , 2);
     
                    System.out.println(sendResult);
                
     
                producer.shutdown();
             catch (MQClientException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (RemotingException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (MQBrokerException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (InterruptedException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
            
        
    

Consumer1

    /**
     * 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交)
     */
    public class Consumer1 
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException 
            DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_Consumer");
            consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
     
            /**
             * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br>
             * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费
             */
            consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
     
            consumer.subscribe("TopicOrderTest", "*");
            
            /**
             * 实现了MessageListenerOrderly表示一个队列只会被一个线程取到    
             *,第二个线程无法访问这个队列
             */
            consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() 
                AtomicLong consumeTimes = new AtomicLong(0);
     
                public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) 
                    // 设置自动提交
                    context.setAutoCommit(true);
                    for (MessageExt msg : msgs) 
                        System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
                    
     
                    try 
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5L);
                     catch (InterruptedException e) 
     
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    
                    ;
     
                    return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
                
            );
     
            consumer.start();
     
            System.out.println("Consumer1 Started.");
        
     
    

Consumer2

    /**
     * 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交)
     */
    public class Consumer2 
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException 
            DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_Consumer");
            consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
     
            /**
             * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br>
             * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费
             */
            consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
     
            consumer.subscribe("TopicOrderTest", "*");
            
            /**
             * 实现了MessageListenerOrderly表示一个队列只会被一个线程取到    
             *,第二个线程无法访问这个队列
             */
            consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() 
                AtomicLong consumeTimes = new AtomicLong(0);
     
                public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) 
                    // 设置自动提交
                    context.setAutoCommit(true);
                    for (MessageExt msg : msgs) 
                        System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
                    
     
                    try 
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5L);
                     catch (InterruptedException e) 
     
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    
                    ;
     
                    return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
                
            );
     
            consumer.start();
     
            System.out.println("Consumer2 Started.");
        
     
    

先启动Consumer1和Consumer2,然后启动Producer,Producer会发送15条消息
Consumer1消费情况如图,都按照顺序执行了
技术图片

 


Consumer2消费情况如图,都按照顺序执行了
技术图片

 

 
二、事务消费

这里说的主要是分布式事物。下面的例子的数据库分别安装在不同的节点上。

事物消费需要先说说什么是事物。比如说:我们跨行转账,从工商银行转到建设银行,也就是我从工商银行扣除1000元之后,我的建设银行也必须加1000元。这样才能保证数据的一致性。假如工商银行转1000元之后,建设银行的服务器突然宕机,那么我扣除了1000,但是并没有在建设银行给我加1000,就出现了数据的不一致。因此加1000和减1000才行,减1000和减1000必须一起成功,一起失败。

再比如,我们进行网购的时候,我们下单之后,订单提交成功,仓库商品的数量必须减一。但是订单可能是一个数据库,仓库数量可能又是在另个数据库里面。有可能订单提交成功之后,仓库数量服务器突然宕机。这样也出现了数据不一致的问题。

使用消息队列来解决分布式事物:

现在我们去外面饭店吃饭,很多时候都不会直接给了钱之后直接在付款的窗口递饭菜,而是付款之后他会给你一张小票,你拿着这个小票去出饭的窗口取饭。这里和我们的系统类似,提高了吞吐量。即使你到第二个窗口,师傅告诉你已经没饭了,你可以拿着这个凭证去退款,即使中途由于出了意外你无法到达窗口进行取饭,但是只要凭证还在,可以将钱退给你。这样就保证了数据的一致性。

如何保证凭证(消息)有2种方法:

1、在工商银行扣款的时候,余额表扣除1000,同时记录日志,而且这2个表是在同一个数据库实例中,可以使用本地事物解决。然后我们通知建设银行需要加1000给该用户,建设银行收到之后给我返回已经加了1000给用户的确认信息之后,我再标记日志表里面的日志为已经完成。

2、通过消息中间件

技术图片


RocketMQ第一阶段发送Prepared消息时,会拿到消息的地址,第二阶段执行本地事物,第三阶段通过第一阶段拿到的地址去访问消息,并修改消息的状态。
细心的你可能又发现问题了,如果确认消息发送失败了怎么办?RocketMQ会定期扫描消息集群中的事物消息,如果发现了Prepared消息,它会向消息发送端(生产者)确认,Bob的钱到底是减了还是没减呢?如果减了是回滚还是继续发送确认消息呢?RocketMQ会根据发送端设置的策略来决定是回滚还是继续发送确认消息。这样就保证了消息发送与本地事务同时成功或同时失败。

例子:
Consumer 端

    package transaction;
     
    import java.util.List;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
     
    /**
     * Consumer,订阅消息
     */
    public class Consumer 
     
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, MQClientException 
            DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("transaction_Consumer");
            consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
            consumer.setConsumeMessageBatchMaxSize(10);
            /**
             * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br>
             * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费
             */
            consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
     
            consumer.subscribe("TopicTransactionTest", "*");
     
            consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() 
     
                public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) 
     
                    try 
     
                        for (MessageExt msg : msgs) 
                            System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
                        
     
                     catch (Exception e) 
                        e.printStackTrace();
     
                        return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;// 重试
     
                    
     
                    return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;// 成功
                
            );
     
            consumer.start();
     
            System.out.println("transaction_Consumer Started.");
        
    

Producer端

    package transaction;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionCheckListener;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionMQProducer;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
     
    /**
     * 发送事务消息例子
     *
     */
    public class Producer 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, InterruptedException 
     
            TransactionCheckListener transactionCheckListener = new TransactionCheckListenerImpl();
            TransactionMQProducer producer = new TransactionMQProducer("transaction_Producer");
            producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");
            // 事务回查最小并发数
            producer.setCheckThreadPoolMinSize(2);
            // 事务回查最大并发数
            producer.setCheckThreadPoolMaxSize(2);
            // 队列数
            producer.setCheckRequestHoldMax(2000);
            producer.setTransactionCheckListener(transactionCheckListener);
            producer.start();
     
            // String[] tags = new String[]  "TagA", "TagB", "TagC", "TagD", "TagE"
            // ;
            TransactionExecuterImpl tranExecuter = new TransactionExecuterImpl();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) 
                try 
                    Message msg = new Message("TopicTransactionTest", "transaction" + i, "KEY" + i,
                            ("Hello RocketMQ " + i).getBytes());
                    SendResult sendResult = producer.sendMessageInTransaction(msg, tranExecuter, null);
                    System.out.println(sendResult);
     
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                 catch (MQClientException e) 
                    e.printStackTrace();
                
            
     
            for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) 
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            
     
            producer.shutdown();
     
        
    

TransactionExecuterImpl  --执行本地事务

    package transaction;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.LocalTransactionExecuter;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.LocalTransactionState;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
     
    /**
     * 执行本地事务
     */
    public class TransactionExecuterImpl implements LocalTransactionExecuter 
        // private AtomicInteger transactionIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);
     
        public LocalTransactionState executeLocalTransactionBranch(final Message msg, final Object arg) 
     
            System.out.println("执行本地事务msg = " + new String(msg.getBody()));
     
            System.out.println("执行本地事务arg = " + arg);
     
            String tags = msg.getTags();
     
            if (tags.equals("transaction2")) 
                System.out.println("======我的操作============,失败了  -进行ROLLBACK");
                return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;
            
            return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;
            // return LocalTransactionState.UNKNOW;
        
    

TransactionCheckListenerImpl--未决事务,服务器回查客户端(目前已经被阉割啦)

    package transaction;
     
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.LocalTransactionState;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionCheckListener;
    import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
     
    /**
     * 未决事务,服务器回查客户端
     */
    public class TransactionCheckListenerImpl implements TransactionCheckListener 
        // private AtomicInteger transactionIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);
     
        //在这里,我们可以根据由MQ回传的key去数据库查询,这条数据到底是成功了还是失败了。
        public LocalTransactionState checkLocalTransactionState(MessageExt msg) 
            System.out.println("未决事务,服务器回查客户端msg =" + new String(msg.getBody().toString()));
            // return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;
     
            return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;
     
            // return LocalTransactionState.UNKNOW;
        
    

producer端:发送数据到MQ,并且处理本地事物。这里模拟了一个成功一个失败。Consumer只会接收到本地事物成功的数据。第二个数据失败了,不会被消费。

技术图片

 

 


Consumer只会接收到一个,第二个数据不会被接收到

技术图片

 

 


 
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u010634288/article/details/57158374

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