docker常用操作
Posted liuxz
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镜像仓库
登录到一个镜像仓库
查找相关镜像
拉取镜像
推送镜像
本地镜像管理
查看本地所有镜像
删除镜像
打包镜像文件到一个文件
载入打包的镜像文件
制作镜像文件
本地镜像标记为某一仓库的镜像
查看镜像的历史记录
容器操作
创建一个容器并运行它
列出所有容器（包含运行和未运行）
列出运行的容器
删除容器
停止一个容器运行
启动一个停止的容器
重启一个容器
在运行的容器中打开一个交互式终端
查看容器的日志
登录到一个镜像仓库
查找相关镜像
拉取镜像
推送镜像
本地镜像管理
查看本地所有镜像
删除镜像
打包镜像文件到一个文件
载入打包的镜像文件
制作镜像文件
本地镜像标记为某一仓库的镜像
查看镜像的历史记录
容器操作
创建一个容器并运行它
列出所有容器（包含运行和未运行）
列出运行的容器
删除容器
停止一个容器运行
启动一个停止的容器
重启一个容器
在运行的容器中打开一个交互式终端
查看容器的日志
镜像仓库
登录到一个镜像仓库
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker login -u liuxz -p "密码"
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
查找相关镜像
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 11953 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1654 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 740 [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 77
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 70 [OK]
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 53 [OK]
拉取镜像
[root@docker-test ~]# docker pull ubuntu:16.04
推送镜像
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker login -u liuxz -p "密码"
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded[root@docker-test volumes]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 11953 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1654 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 740 [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 77
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 70 [OK]
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 53 [OK][root@docker-test ~]# docker pull ubuntu:16.04
推送镜像需要给镜像名称改变。名称命名：/左边的是镜像仓库的地址。/ 右边冒号左边为镜像仓库中的目录，冒号右边为镜像tag。不设置tag，默认推送的tag为laste
[root@docker-test dockerimages]# docker push liuxz/liuxz:test-nginxv3本地镜像管理
查看本地所有镜像
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx v4 b85eacba49dd 24 hours ago 126MB
mysql 5.7 383867b75fd2 4 days ago 373MB
127.0.0.1:5000/nginx v3 06eee3f347f4 5 days ago 126MB
nginx v3 06eee3f347f4 5 days ago 126MB
liuxz/liuxz test-nginxv3 06eee3f347f4 5 days ago 126MB
nginx v2 4b9bb110e222 6 days ago 126MB
busybox latest 19485c79a9bb 11 days ago 1.22MB
nginx latest 5a3221f0137b 4 weeks ago 126MB
registry 2.6.2 d5ef411ad932 6 months ago 28.5MB
删除镜像
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx v4 b85eacba49dd 24 hours ago 126MB
mysql 5.7 383867b75fd2 4 days ago 373MB
127.0.0.1:5000/nginx v3 06eee3f347f4 5 days ago 126MB
nginx v3 06eee3f347f4 5 days ago 126MB
liuxz/liuxz test-nginxv3 06eee3f347f4 5 days ago 126MB
nginx v2 4b9bb110e222 6 days ago 126MB
busybox latest 19485c79a9bb 11 days ago 1.22MB
nginx latest 5a3221f0137b 4 weeks ago 126MB
registry 2.6.2 d5ef411ad932 6 months ago 28.5MB如果该镜像运行着容器，需要停止并删除容器后才能删除该镜像
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker rmi nginx:v3
Untagged: nginx:v3打包镜像文件到一个文件
[root@docker-test dockerimages]# docker save -o nginxv3.tar.gz nginx:v3
载入打包的镜像文件
[Loaded image: nginx:v3root@docker-test dockerimages]# docker load -i nginxv3.tar.gz
a522e7d83654: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.096kB/4.096kB制作镜像文件
需要创建Dockerfile 文件
root@docker-test dockerimages]# docker build -t nginx:v3 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/2 : from nginx
---> 5a3221f0137b
Step 2/2 : run echo ‘hello,world‘>/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
---> Running in f916f74712fa
Removing intermediate container f916f74712fa
---> 06eee3f347f4
Successfully built 06eee3f347f4
Successfully tagged nginx:v3或者
-f 指定Dockerfile 文件位置
root@docker-test dockerimages]docker build -t nginx:v4 -f ./Dockerfile .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/2 : from nginx
---> 5a3221f0137b
Step 2/2 : run echo ‘hello,world‘>/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
---> Running in f916f74712fa
Removing intermediate container f916f74712fa
---> 06eee3f347f4
Successfully built 06eee3f347f4
Successfully tagged nginx:v4本地镜像标记为某一仓库的镜像
[root@docker-test dockerimages]# docker image tag nginx:v3 liuxz/liuxz:test-nginxv3
查看镜像的历史记录
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker history nginx:v4
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
b85eacba49dd 24 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:e65ef6e80221ae85… 20B
796ce4b40ff2 24 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/share/nginx/h… 0B
897d26a4cb39 24 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo ‘hello,world‘>/usr/share/ngi… 12B
5a3221f0137b 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system -… 56.8MB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.5 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.3 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:330bfb91168adb4a9… 69.2MB
容器操作
创建一个容器并运行它
后台运行
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker run -d --name mysql5 -p 3310:3306 -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true -v data:/var/lib/mysql mysql:5.7列出所有容器（包含运行和未运行）
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e1c3a0a8f065 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3310->3306/tcp mysql5
482757e6349e mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp mysql4
3dea2d1fa813 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3309->3306/tcp mysql3
cc877d94adf8 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp mysql2
2df642bdef21 nginx:v4 "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 0.0.0.0:8084->80/tcp mynginx
b3f9f5a5e17b mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 25 hours ago Up 25 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql1
列出运行的容器
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e1c3a0a8f065 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3310->3306/tcp mysql5
482757e6349e mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp mysql4
3dea2d1fa813 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3309->3306/tcp mysql3
cc877d94adf8 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp mysql2
2df642bdef21 nginx:v4 "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 0.0.0.0:8084->80/tcp mynginx
b3f9f5a5e17b mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 25 hours ago Up 25 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql1
931e0bc90580 registry:2.6.2 "/entrypoint.sh /etc…" 5 days ago Up 27 hours 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp myregistry或者
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e1c3a0a8f065 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3310->3306/tcp mysql5
482757e6349e mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp mysql4
3dea2d1fa813 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3309->3306/tcp mysql3
cc877d94adf8 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp mysql2
2df642bdef21 nginx:v4 "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 0.0.0.0:8084->80/tcp mynginx
b3f9f5a5e17b mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 25 hours ago Up 25 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql1删除容器
没有停止的容器停止容器后删除。不想停止容器 rm 后添加 -f 参数
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker rm mysql5
mysql5停止一个容器运行
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker stop mysql4
mysql4启动一个停止的容器
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker start mysql4
mysql4重启一个容器
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker restart mysql4
mysql4
在运行的容器中打开一个交互式终端
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker exec -it mysql4 /bin/bash
root@482757e6349e:/# ls
bin boot dev docker-entrypoint-initdb.d entrypoint.sh etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
查看容器的日志
说明
OPTIONS说明：
* **-f : **跟踪日志输出
* **--since :**显示某个开始时间的所有日志
* **-t : **显示时间戳
* **--tail :**仅列出最新N条容器日志简单使用
[root@docker-test volumes]# docker logs mysql4
Initializing database
2019-09-16T08:56:56.527598Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-09-16T08:56:56.713272Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-09-16T08:56:56.744925Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-09-16T08:56:56.805532Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: efcae397-d85f-11e9-82de-0242ac110007.
2019-09-16T08:56:56.808888Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened.
2019-09-16T08:56:56.809223Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
Database initialized
Initializing certificates
Generating a RSA private key
...................................................................................................................................................+++++
.......................................................+++++
unable to write ‘random state‘
writing new private key to ‘ca-key.pem‘
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