part4-2 娴佺▼鎺у埗浜岋紙寰幆缁撴瀯锛寃hile銆乫or寰幆锛屽垪琛ㄦ帹瀵煎紡銆佺敓鎴愬櫒鎺ㄥ寮忥紝甯哥敤宸ュ叿鍑芥暟锛屾帶鍒跺惊鐜粨鏋勶紝4涓畝鍗曞疄渚嬶級

Posted 2022-11-04

鏍囩锛?a href='http://www.mamicode.com/so/1/%e8%b5%8b%e5%80%bc' title='璧嬪€?>璧嬪€?/a>   鎻愮ず   鐩殑   random   def   repos   绫诲瀷   澶у皬   鍟嗗搧   

寰幆璇彞鍦ㄥ惊鐜潯浠舵弧瓒虫椂锛屽彲鍙嶅鎵ц鏌愪竴娈典唬鐮侊紝杩欐琚噸澶嶆墽琛岀殑浠ｇ爜绉颁负寰幆浣撱€傚湪寰幆浣撲腑锛岄渶瑕佸湪鍚堥€傜殑鏃跺€欐妸寰幆鏉′欢璁剧疆涓哄亣锛屼粠鑰岀粨鏉熷惊鐜紱鍚﹀垯寰幆涓€鐩存墽琛屼笅鍘诲舰鎴愭寰幆銆傚惊鐜鍙ラ€氬父鍖呭惈濡備笅4涓儴鍒嗐€?/span>
锛?锛夈€佸垵濮嬪寲璇彞锛坕nit_statements锛夛細鍦ㄥ惊鐜紑濮嬪墠鎵ц锛屾湁涓€鏉℃垨澶氭潯璇彞锛岀敤浜庡畬鎴愪竴浜涜捣鍒濆鍖栧伐浣溿€?/span>
锛?锛夈€佸惊鐜潯浠讹紙test_expression锛夛細涓€涓竷灏旇〃杈惧紡锛屽喅瀹氭槸鍚︽墽琛屽惊鐜綋銆?/span>
锛?锛夈€佸惊鐜綋锛坆ody_statements锛夛細寰幆鐨勪富浣擄紝鏍规嵁寰幆鏉′欢鏄惁鍏佽锛岃繖涓唬鐮佸潡鏄惁閲嶅鎵ц銆?/span>
锛?锛夈€佽凯浠ｈ鍙ワ紙iteration_statements锛夛細涓€娆″惊鐜綋鎵ц缁撴潫鍚庯紝瀵瑰惊鐜潯浠舵眰鍊间箣鍓嶆墽琛岋紝甯哥敤浜庢帶鍒跺惊鐜潯浠朵腑鐨勫彉閲忥紝浣?/span>寰楀惊鐜湪鍚堥€傜殑鏃跺€欑粨鏉熴€?/span>

涓€銆?while 寰幆

1銆?while 寰幆璇硶鏍煎紡锛?/span>

[init_statements]
while test_expression:
    body_statements
    [iteration_statements]

鍦ㄦ墽琛屽惊鐜綋鍓嶏紝while 鍏堝 text_expression 寰幆鏉′欢姹傚€硷紝濡傛灉鍊间负鐪燂紝鍒欐墽琛屽惊鐜綋銆傝凯浠ｈ鍙?iteration_statements 鎬?/span>鏄綅浜庡惊鐜綋鏈€鍚庯紝鍙湁褰撳惊鐜綋鑳芥垚鍔熸墽琛屾椂锛寃hile 寰幆鎵嶄細鎵ц杩唬璇彞 iteration_statements銆?/span>

鍦ㄤ娇鐢?while 寰幆鏃讹紝瑕佷繚璇佸惊鐜潯浠舵湁鍙樻垚鍋囩殑鍙兘锛屽嵆閫€鍑哄惊鐜殑鍙兘锛屽惁鍒欏惊鐜皢杩涘叆姝诲惊鐜€?/span>

2銆亀hile 寰幆鍙敤浜庨亶鍘嗗垪琛ㄥ拰鍏冪粍
鍒楄〃鍜屽厓缁勫彲閫氳繃绱㈠紩鏉ヨ幏鍙栧厓绱犲€硷紝杩欎釜绱㈠紩鍙€氳繃 while 寰幆鏃惰繘琛屼紶閫掋€?/span>

绀轰緥锛氬皢涓€涓殢鏈烘暣鏁板垪琛ㄥ垎涓?绫伙紝鑳芥暣闄?鐨勫綊涓轰竴绫诲垪琛紝闄?浣?鐨勫綊鍙︿竴绫诲垪琛紝闄?浣?鐨勫綊鍒扮涓夌被鍒楄〃銆備唬鐮佸涓嬶細

 1 import random
 2 src_list = random.sample(range(10000), 20)
 3 a_list = []         # 瀛樻斁鏁撮櫎3鐨勫厓绱?/span>
 4 b_list = []         # 瀛樻斁闄?浣?鐨勫厓绱?/span>
 5 c_list = []         # 瀛樻斁闄?浣?鐨勫厓绱?/span>
 6 
 7 # 鏍规嵁 src_list 鏄惁涓虹┖鍐冲畾鏄惁缁х画鎵ц寰幆浣?/span>
 8 while len(src_list) > 0:
 9     temp = src_list.pop()       # 榛樿鍙栨渶鍚庝竴涓厓绱?/span>
10     if temp % 3 == 0:
11         a_list.append(temp)
12     elif temp % 3 == 1:
13         b_list.append(temp)
14     else:
15         c_list.append(temp)
16 print("鏁撮櫎3锛?/span>", a_list)
17 print("闄?浣?锛?/span>", b_list)
18 print("闄?浣?锛?/span>", c_list)

浜屻€?for-in 寰幆

1銆?for-in 寰幆璇硶
for-in 寰幆涓撻棬鐢ㄤ簬閬嶅巻鑼冨洿銆佸垪琛ㄣ€佸厓缁勫拰瀛楀吀绛夊彲杩唬瀵硅薄鍖呭惈鐨勫厓绱犮€傝娉曟牸寮忓涓嬶細
for 鍙橀噺 in 瀛楃涓瞸鑼冨洿|闆嗗悎绛夛細
    statements

瀵硅繖涓娉曟牸寮忕殑涓ょ偣璇存槑锛?/span>
锛?锛夈€乫or-in 寰幆涓殑鍙橀噺锛堝惊鐜鏁板櫒锛夌殑鍊煎彈 for-in 寰幆鎺у埗锛岃鍙橀噺浼氬湪姣忔寰幆寮€濮嬫椂鑷姩琚祴鍊硷紝鍥犳绋嬪簭涓嶅簲璇ュ湪寰幆涓璇ュ彉閲忚祴鍊笺€?/span>
锛?锛夈€乫or-in 寰幆鍙敤浜庨亶鍘嗕换浣曞彲杩唬瀵硅薄銆傛墍璋撳彲杩唬瀵硅薄锛屾槸鎸囪瀵硅薄涓寘鍚竴涓?__iter__ 鏂规硶锛屼笖璇ユ柟娉曠殑杩斿洖鍊煎璞″叿鏈?next() 鏂规硶銆?/span>

for-in 鍙亶鍘嗚寖鍥达紝渚嬪璁＄畻涓€涓寚瀹氭暟鐨勯樁涔橈紝绀轰緥濡備笅锛?/span>

1 num = int(input("璇疯緭鍏ヤ竴涓璁＄畻闃朵箻鐨勬暣鏁帮細"))
2 result = 1
3 for i in range(1, num + 1):
4     result *= i
5 print(result)

2銆?for-in 寰幆鐢ㄤ簬閬嶅巻鍒楄〃鍜屽厓缁?/span>
for-in 寰幆鍦ㄩ亶鍘嗗垪琛ㄥ拰鍏冪粍鏃讹紝鍒楄〃鍜屽厓缁勬湁鍑犱釜鍏冪礌锛宖or-in 寰幆鐨勫惊鐜綋灏辨墽琛屽嚑娆★紝閽堝姣忎釜鍏冪礌鎵ц涓€娆★紝寰幆璁＄畻鍣ㄤ細渚濇琚祴鍊间负鍏冪礌鐨勫€笺€?/span>

绀轰緥锛岄亶鍘嗗垪琛紝璁＄畻鍒楄〃涓墍鏈夋暟鍊煎厓绱犵殑鎬诲拰銆佸钩鍧囧€笺€?/span>

 1 src_list = [100, 15, -20, 3.14, 0.732, 鈥?/span>python鈥?/span>, 10.625, 鈥?/span>linux鈥?/span>, 33.33]
 2 num_sum = 0
 3 num_count = 0
 4 for ele in src_list:
 5     # 鍒ゆ柇鍏冪礌鏄惁鏄暣鏁版垨鑰呮诞鐐规暟
 6     if isinstance(ele, int) or isinstance(ele, float):
 7         num_sum += ele      # 绱姞鍏冪礌
 8         num_count += 1      # 璁℃暟鏁板€煎厓绱犱釜鏁?/span>
 9 print("鎬诲拰鏄細", num_sum)
10 print("骞冲潎鏁版槸锛?/span>", num_sum / num_count)

杩欓噷浣跨敤 Python 鐨?isinstance() 鍑芥暟锛岃繖涓嚱鏁扮敤浜庡垽鏂煇涓彉閲忔槸鍚︿负鎸囧畾绫诲瀷鐨勫疄渚嬶紝绗竴涓弬鏁版槸瑕佸垽鏂殑鍙橀噺锛岀浜屽弬鏁?/span>鏄被鍨嬨€俰sinstance() 鍑芥暟瀵瑰彉閲忓仛绫诲瀷鍒ゆ柇鏃堕潪甯告柟渚裤€佹湁鏁堛€?/span>

3銆?浣跨敤 for-in 寰幆閬嶅巻瀛楀吀
for-in 寰幆閬嶅巻瀛楀吀鏃讹紝瀹為檯閬嶅巻鐨勬槸鏅€氬垪琛ㄣ€傚瓧鍏告湁3涓柟娉曞彲杩斿洖瀵瑰簲鐨勫垪琛紝鍒嗗埆鏄細items()銆乲eys()銆乿alues()銆傞亶鍘嗗瓧鍏?/span>鍏堣皟鐢ㄨ繖涓変釜鏂规硶涔嬩竴鍐嶈繘琛岄亶鍘嗐€傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細

 1 persons = 鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>michael鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>age鈥?/span>: 25, 鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>: 91029280
 2 # 閫氳繃 items() 鏂规硶閬嶅巻瀛楀吀鎵€鏈夌殑 key-value 瀵?/span>
 3 # items() 鏂规硶杩斿洖鐨勫垪琛ㄥ厓绱犳槸 key-value 瀵癸紝鍥犳瑕佸０鏄庝袱涓彉閲?/span>
 4 for k, v in persons.items():
 5     print(鈥?/span>key: 鈥?/span>, k)
 6     print(鈥?/span>value: 鈥?/span>, v)
 7 # enumerate() 鍑芥暟鍙互鐢熸垚涓€涓紪鍙凤紝榛樿浠?寮€濮嬶紝涔熷彲鎸囧畾璧峰缂栧彿
 8 for i, (k, v) in enumerate(persons.items(), 1):
 9     print(鈥?/span>%d銆乲ey: %s; value: %s鈥?/span> % (i, k, v))
10 # 閫氳繃 keys() 鏂规硶閬嶅巻瀛楀吀鐨?key 锛岄€氳繃 key 鑾峰彇 value
11 for k in persons.keys():
12     print("key: %s; value: %s" % (k, persons[k]))
13 # 閫氳繃 values() 鏂规硶閬嶅巻瀛楀吀鎵€鏈夌殑 value
14 for i, v in enumerate(persons.values(), 1):
15     print("%d銆?s;" % (i, v))

4銆?鍦ㄥ惊鐜腑浣跨敤 else

鍦?Python 涓惊鐜彲浠ュ畾涔?else 浠ｇ爜鍧楋紝褰撳惊鐜潯浠朵负 False 鏃讹紝绋嬪簭灏辨墽琛?else 浠ｇ爜鍧椼€傚湪 for 寰幆鍚庨潰浣跨敤 else 浠ｇ爜鍧?/span>鏃讹紝褰?for 寰幆鍖洪棿銆佸厓缁勬垨鍒楄〃鐨勬墍鏈夊厓绱犲悗锛屽氨浼氭墽琛?else 浠ｇ爜鍧楋紝鍦?else 浠ｇ爜鍧椾腑锛屽惊鐜绠楁暟鍣ㄧ殑鍊间緷鐒剁瓑浜庢渶鍚庝竴涓?/span>鍏冪礌鐨勫€笺€傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細
绀轰緥1锛歸hile 寰幆涓娇鐢?else

 1 count = 0
 2 while count < 5:
 3     print("%d 灏忎簬 5锛?/span>" % count)
 4     count += 1
 5 else:
 6     print("寰幆璁℃暟鍣ㄦ渶鍚庣殑鏁板瓧鏄細", count)
 7 
 8 杩愯浠ｇ爜锛岃緭鍑哄涓嬶細
 9 0 灏忎簬 5锛?
10 1 灏忎簬 5锛?
11 2 灏忎簬 5锛?
12 3 灏忎簬 5锛?
13 4 灏忎簬 5锛?
14 寰幆璁℃暟鍣ㄦ渶鍚庣殑鏁板瓧鏄細 5

绀轰緥2锛歠or 寰幆涓娇鐢?else

 1 for i in range(5):
 2     print("褰撳墠鏁板瓧鏄細", i)
 3 else:
 4     print("寰幆璁℃暟鍣ㄦ渶鍚庣殑鏁板瓧鏃讹細", i)
 5 
 6 杩愯浠ｇ爜锛岃緭鍑哄涓嬶細
 7 褰撳墠鏁板瓧鏄細 0
 8 褰撳墠鏁板瓧鏄細 1
 9 褰撳墠鏁板瓧鏄細 2
10 褰撳墠鏁板瓧鏄細 3
11 褰撳墠鏁板瓧鏄細 4
12 寰幆璁℃暟鍣ㄦ渶鍚庣殑鏁板瓧鏃讹細 4

浠庝笂闈袱涓ず渚嬪彲鐭ワ紝鍙寰幆璇彞鎴愬姛鎵ц瀹岋紝鍚庨潰鐨?else 浠ｇ爜鍧楅兘浼氳鎵ц锛屽苟涓斿惊鐜鏁板櫒鏄渶鍚庝竴娆″惊鐜垨鑰呯粨鏉熷惊鐜椂鐨勫€笺€?/span>

5銆?宓屽寰幆
鎶婁竴涓惊鐜斁鍦ㄥ彟涓€涓惊鐜綋鍐呭氨褰㈡垚宓屽寰幆銆傚祵濂楀惊鐜彲浠ユ槸 for-in 寰幆宓屽 while 寰幆锛屼篃鍙互鏄?while 寰幆宓屽 for-in 寰幆......,鍚勭绫诲瀷鐨勫惊鐜兘鍙互鍋氫负澶栧眰寰幆锛屽悓鏃朵篃鍙仛涓哄唴灞傚惊鐜€?/span>

瀵逛簬寰幆娆℃暟闂锛屽亣璁惧灞傚惊鐜殑寰幆娆℃暟涓?n 娆★紝鍐呭眰寰幆鐨勫惊鐜鏁颁负 m 娆★紝閭ｄ箞鍐呭眰寰幆鐨勫惊鐜綋瀹為檯鎵ц娆℃暟鏄?n*m 娆°€?/span>
绀轰緥濡備笅锛?/span>

 1 for i in range(5):      # 澶栧眰寰幆
 2     j = 0
 3     while j < 3:        # 鍐呭眰寰幆
 4         print("澶栧眰寰幆鐨勫€兼槸锛?d锛屽唴灞傚惊鐜殑鍊兼槸锛?d锛?/span>" % (i, j))
 5         j += 1
 6 杩愯杩欐浠ｇ爜锛岃緭鍑哄涓嬶細
 7 澶栧眰寰幆鐨勫€兼槸锛?锛屽唴灞傚惊鐜殑鍊兼槸锛?锛?
 8 澶栧眰寰幆鐨勫€兼槸锛?锛屽唴灞傚惊鐜殑鍊兼槸锛?锛?
 9 澶栧眰寰幆鐨勫€兼槸锛?锛屽唴灞傚惊鐜殑鍊兼槸锛?锛?
10 澶栧眰寰幆鐨勫€兼槸锛?锛屽唴灞傚惊鐜殑鍊兼槸锛?锛?
11 ......

寰幆宓屽鍙互鏈夊灞傦紝濡備笁灞傘€佸洓灞?.....锛屼笉绠℃€庢牱宓屽锛屽唴灞傚惊鐜綋閮藉綋鎴愬灞傚惊鐨勫惊鐜綋鏉ュ寰呫€?/span>

6銆?for 琛ㄨ揪寮忥紙鍒楄〃鎺ㄥ寮忋€佺敓鎴愬櫒鎺ㄥ寮忥級
for 琛ㄨ揪寮忕敤浜庡皢鍏朵粬鍖洪棿銆佸厓缁勩€佸垪琛ㄧ瓑鍙凯浠ｅ璞″垱寤烘柊鐨勫垪琛紝璇硶濡備笅锛?/span>
[琛ㄨ揪寮?for 寰幆璁℃暟鍣?in 鍙凯浠ｅ璞?[if鏉′欢]]

for 琛ㄨ揪寮忎笌鏅€?for 寰幆鍖哄埆锛?/span>
锛?锛夈€佸湪 for 鍏抽敭瀛椾箣鍓嶅畾涔変竴涓〃杈惧紡锛岃琛ㄨ揪寮忛€氬父浼氬寘鍚惊鐜鏁板櫒銆?/span>
锛?锛夈€乫or 琛ㄨ揪寮忔病鏈夊惊鐜綋锛屽洜姝や笉闇€瑕佸啋鍙枫€傚疄闄呬笂琛ㄨ揪寮忓氨鏄惊鐜綋銆?/span>

for 寰幆鐨勫惊鐜鏁扮敱鍙凯浠ｅ璞′腑鐨勫璞′釜鏁板喅瀹氥€俧or 琛ㄨ揪寮忔渶缁堣繑鍥炵殑鏄垪琛紝鍥犳 for 琛ㄨ揪寮忎篃琚О涓哄垪琛ㄦ帹瀵煎紡銆傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細
# 璁＄畻鏁板瓧鐨勫钩鏂?/span>
num_list = [i * i for i in range(10)]
print(num_list)     # 杈撳嚭锛歔0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

鍦?for 琛ㄨ揪寮忓悗闈㈠彲浠ユ帴 if 鏉′欢锛岃繖鏍穎or 琛ㄨ揪寮忓皢鍙凯浠ｉ偅浜涚鍚堟潯浠剁殑鍏冪礌銆傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細
# 璁＄畻鍋舵暟鐨勫钩鏂?/span>
num_list = [i * i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
print(num_list)     # 杈撳嚭锛歔0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

灏?for 琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鏂规嫭鍙锋敼涓哄渾鎷彿锛宖or 琛ㄨ揪寮忕敓鎴愮殑涓嶅啀鏄垪琛紝鑰屾槸鐢熸垚涓€涓敓鎴愬櫒锛坓enerator锛夛紝鐢熸垚鍣ㄥ彲鐢ㄤ簬 for 寰幆杩唬銆?/span>涔熷彨浣滅敓鎴愬櫒鎺ㄥ寮忋€?/span>绀轰緥濡備笅锛?/span>

1 # 浣跨敤 for 琛ㄨ揪寮忓垱寤虹敓鎴愬櫒
2 a_generator = (x * x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0)
3 print(type(a_generator))        # 杈撳嚭锛?lt;class 鈥榞enerator鈥?gt;
4 # 浣跨敤for寰幆杩唬鐢熸垚鍣?/span>
5 for i in a_generator:
6     print(i, end=鈥?/span>\t鈥?/span>)      # 杈撳嚭锛?       4       16      36      64
7 print()

鍦?for 琛ㄨ揪寮忎腑杩樺彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ涓惊鐜紝灏卞儚宓屽寰幆涓€鏍枫€備緥濡備笅闈㈢殑绀轰緥涓娇鐢ㄤ袱涓?for 寰幆锛岀ず渚嬪涓嬶細
b_list = [(i, j) for i in range(3) for j in range(2)]
print(b_list)       # 杈撳嚭锛歔(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 0), (2, 1)]

杩欓噷 i 鏄涓€涓惊鐜亶鍘?range(3) 鐨勮鏁板櫒锛屽洜姝?i 鍙凯浠?3 娆★紱j 鏄浜屼釜寰幆閬嶅巻 range(2) 鐨勮鏁板櫒锛屽洜姝?j 鍙凯浠?2 娆°€傛渶缁?(x, y)琛ㄨ揪寮忎細杩唬 6 娆°€備笂闈㈢殑 for 琛ㄨ揪寮忕瓑浠蜂簬涓嬮潰宓屽寰幆锛?/span>

1 bb_list = []
2 for i in range(3):
3     for j in range(2):
4         bb_list.append((i, j))

鍚屾牱鐨勶紝for 寰幆鏀寔鐨勪笁灞傚祵濂楄〃杈惧紡绀轰緥濡備笅锛?/span>
c_list = [[i, j, k] for i in range(3) for j in range(4) for k in range(5)]
print(len(c_list))          # 杈撳嚭锛?0

瀵逛簬鍖呭惈澶氫釜寰幆鐨?for 琛ㄨ揪寮忥紝鍚屾牱鍙寚瀹?if 鏉′欢銆俧or 寰幆琛ㄨ揪寮忓簲鐢細鐜板湪灏嗕袱涓垪琛ㄤ腑鐨勬暟鍊兼寜“鑳藉惁鏁撮櫎”杩涜閰嶅锛屾瘮濡?/span>绗竴涓垪琛?src_a 涓殑15涓庣浜屼釜鍒楄〃 src_b 涓殑 5 鍙互鏁撮櫎锛屽氨灏嗚繖涓や釜鏁伴厤瀵瑰湪涓€璧枫€傚浜庤繖涓渶姹傦紝鐢?for 琛ㄨ揪寮忔潵瀹炵幇姣旇緝瀹规槗锛岀ず渚嬪涓嬶細
src_a = [15, 51, 144, 67, 83, 76, 96]
src_b = [2, 3, 5, 12]
results = [(i, j) for i in src_a for j in src_b if i % j == 0]
print(results)
杩愯杩欐浠ｇ爜锛岃緭鍑哄涓嬶細
[(15, 3), (15, 5), (51, 3), (144, 2), (144, 3), (144, 12), (76, 2), (96, 2), (96, 3), (96, 12)]

7銆?甯哥敤宸ュ叿鍑芥暟

锛?锛夈€?zip()鍑芥暟
鍙皢澶氫釜鍒楄〃銆佸厓缁勩€佸瓧绗︿覆搴忓垪“鍘嬬缉”鎴愪竴涓?zip 瀵硅薄锛堝彲杩唬瀵硅薄锛夛紝杩欐牱鍙互鐢ㄤ竴涓惊鐜苟琛岄亶鍘嗗涓垪琛?/span>銆佸厓缁勩€佸瓧绗︿覆銆傚鏋渮ip()鍑芥暟鍘嬬缉鐨勫涓簭鍒楅暱搴︿笉鐩哥瓑锛屽垯浠ラ暱搴︽洿鐭殑搴忓垪涓哄噯銆傚鏋?zip() 鍑芥暟鍘嬬缉N涓簭鍒楋紝閭ｄ箞 zip() 鍑芥暟杩斿洖鐨勫彲杩唬瀵硅薄鐨勫厓绱犳槸闀垮害涓篘鐨勫厓缁勩€傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細
a = (鈥榓鈥? 鈥榖鈥?
b = (1, 2)
print([i for i in zip(a, b)])       # 杈撳嚭锛歔(鈥榓鈥? 1), (鈥榖鈥? 2)]
c = 鈥榓bc鈥?/span>
d = 鈥?23鈥?/span>
print([i for i in zip(c, d)])       # 杈撳嚭锛歔(鈥榓鈥? 鈥?鈥?, (鈥榖鈥? 鈥?鈥?, (鈥榗鈥? 鈥?鈥?]
print([i for i in zip(a, d)])       # 鍘嬬缉鍏冪粍鍜屽瓧绗︿覆锛岃緭鍑猴細[(鈥榓鈥? 鈥?鈥?, (鈥榖鈥? 鈥?鈥?]

鍦?Python 2.x 鐗堟湰涓紝zip() 鍑芥暟杩斿洖鏄垪琛紝涓嶆槸 zip 瀵硅薄銆傛渶缁堝緱鍒扮殑鍏冪礌鏄浉鍚岀殑銆傜畝鍗曞簲鐢ㄧず渚嬶細

1 subjects = [鈥?/span>璇枃鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>鏁板鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>鑻辫鈥?/span>]
2 scores = [83, 95, 90]
3 # 浣跨敤 zip() 鍑芥暟鍘嬬缉涓や釜鍒楄〃锛屽疄鐜板苟琛岄亶鍘?/span>
4 for i in zip(subjects, scores):
5     print("%s 鐨勫垎鏁版槸 %5.2f" % (i[0], i[1]))
6 杩愯涓婇潰鐨勪唬鐮侊紝杈撳嚭濡備笅鎵€绀猴細
7 璇枃 鐨勫垎鏁版槸 83.00
8 鏁板 鐨勫垎鏁版槸 95.00
9 鑻辫 鐨勫垎鏁版槸 90.00

锛?锛夈€乺eversed()鍑芥暟
璇ュ嚱鏁板彲鎺ユ敹鍚勭搴忓垪锛堝瓧绗︿覆銆佸厓缁勩€佸垪琛ㄣ€佸尯闂达級鍙傛暟锛岃繑鍥炰竴涓?ldquo;鍙嶅簭鎺掑垪”鐨勮凯浠ｅ櫒锛岃鍑芥暟瀵瑰弬鏁版湰韬笉浼氫骇鐢熶换浣曞奖鍝嶃€傜ず渚?/span>濡備笅锛?/span>
s = 鈥榓bcde鈥?/span>
# 浣跨敤 reversed()鍑芥暟鍙嶈浆瀛楃涓诧紝瀛楃涓叉湰韬笉浼氬彂鐢熸敼鍙?/span>
print([i for i in reversed(s)])     # 杈撳嚭锛歔鈥榚鈥? 鈥榙鈥? 鈥榗鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榓鈥榏

锛?锛夈€?sorted()鍑芥暟
璇ュ嚱鏁板疄鐜版帓搴忓姛鑳斤紝鍙傛暟鏄竴涓彲杩唬瀵硅薄锛岃繑鍥炰竴涓鍏冪礌鎺掑簭鐨勫垪琛ㄣ€傞粯璁ゆ槸闄嶅簭鎺掑簭锛堜粠澶у埌灏忥級锛屽彲鎸囧畾 reverse=True 鍙傛暟琛ㄦ槑鎸夊崌搴忔帓搴忥紙浠庡皬鍒板ぇ锛夈€傛澶栵紝璇ュ嚱鏁拌繕鍙紶鍏ヤ竴涓?key 鍙傛暟锛屽弬鏁板€兼槸涓€涓嚱鏁板悕锛屾牴鎹竴涓寚瀹氬嚱鏁版潵鐢熸垚鎺掑簭鐨勫叧閿€硷紝渚嬪瀵瑰瓧绗︿覆鎸夐暱搴︽帓搴忔椂锛宬ey 鍙傛暟鍙紶鍏?len 鍑芥暟銆傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細
s = 鈥榓bcde鈥?/span>
sorted(s)                               # 瀵瑰瓧绗︿覆鎺掑簭锛岃緭鍑猴細[鈥榓鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榗鈥? 鈥榙鈥? 鈥榚鈥榏
sorted(s, reverse=True)       # 鍙嶅悜鎺掑簭锛岃緭鍑猴細[鈥榚鈥? 鈥榙鈥? 鈥榗鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榓鈥榏
s_lists = [鈥榩ython鈥? 鈥榣inux鈥? 鈥榡ava鈥? 鈥榗鈥? 鈥榗++鈥? 鈥榞o鈥? 鈥榮h鈥榏
sorted(s_lists, key=len)        # key 鍙傛暟鏄€兼槸鍑芥暟鍚?len锛岃緭鍑哄涓嬶細
[鈥榗鈥? 鈥榞o鈥? 鈥榮h鈥? 鈥榗++鈥? 鈥榡ava鈥? 鈥榣inux鈥? 鈥榩ython鈥榏
for i in sorted(s_lists, key=len):      # 瀵规帓搴忓悗鐨勭粨鏋滆繘琛岃凯浠?/span>
    print(s)

涓夈€佹帶鍒跺惊鐜粨鏋?/span>

Python 娌℃湁鎻愪緵 goto 璇彞鎺у埗绋嬪簭璺宠浆锛屼絾鏄彁渚涗簡 continue 鍜?break 鏉ユ帶鍒跺惊鐜粨鏋勩€傛澶栵紝浣跨敤 return 鍙互缁撴潫鏁翠釜鏂规硶銆?/span>

1銆佷娇鐢?break 缁撴潫寰幆
break 鐢ㄤ簬瀹屽叏缁撴潫涓€涓惊鐜紝璺冲嚭寰幆浣撱€備笉绠″摢绉嶅惊鐜綋锛屽彧瑕佸湪寰幆涓亣鍒?break锛岀郴缁熷氨瀹屽叏缁撴潫寰幆锛屽紑濮嬫墽琛屽惊鐜箣鍚庣殑浠ｇ爜銆傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細

1 for i in range(10):
2     print("i 鐨勫綋鍓嶅€兼槸锛?/span>", i)
3     if i == 3:
4         break   # 鎵ц鍒拌璇彞閫€鍑哄惊鐜?/span>
5     else:
6         print("else 浠ｇ爜鍧楋細", i)

杩愯杩欐浠ｇ爜锛屽惊鐜鏁板櫒 i 绛変簬 3 鏃跺氨缁撴潫寰幆锛屽悗闈㈢殑 else 浠ｇ爜鍧椾篃涓嶄細鍐嶆墽琛屻€備絾鏄惊鐜綋鍚庨潰鐨勪唬鐮佽繕鏄細缁х画鎵ц銆?br />
鍙﹀锛宐reak 璇彞涓鐨勬槸鏈寰幆锛屽浜庢湁宓屽寰幆鐨勶紝涓嶅彲浠ョ粨鏉熷祵濂楀惊鐜殑澶栧眰寰幆銆傚鏋滆璺冲嚭澶栧眰寰幆锛岄€氬父瑕佷娇鐢ㄦ煇涓爣蹇?/span>鏉ュ垽鏂槸鍚﹁烦鍑哄灞傚惊鐜紝鐒跺悗鍦ㄥ唴澶栧眰寰幆涓垎鍒娇鐢ㄤ袱鏉?break 璇彞鏉ュ疄鐜般€傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細

1 flag = False
2 for i in range(5):
3     for j in range(3):
4         print("i 鐨勫€间负锛?d锛宩 鐨勫€间负锛?d" % (i, j))
5         if j == 1:
6             flag = True
7             break       # 缁撴潫鍐呭眰寰幆
8     if flag:
9         break       # 缁撴潫鍖呭眰寰幆

2銆?浣跨敤 continue 蹇界暐鏈寰幆鐨勫墿涓嬭鍙?/span>
countinue 鍙拷鐣ュ綋娆″惊鐜墿涓嬬殑璇彞锛屾帴鐫€寮€濮嬩笅涓€娆″惊鐜紝骞朵笉浼氫腑姝㈠惊鐜€傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細

 1 for i in range(3):
 2     print("i 鐨勫€兼槸锛?/span>", i)
 3     if i == 1:
 4         continue        # 蹇界暐鏈寰幆鍓╀笅鐨勮鍙?/span>
 5     print("continue 鍚庣殑杈撳嚭璇彞")
 6 杈撳嚭濡備笅锛?
 7 i 鐨勫€兼槸锛?0
 8 continue 鍚庣殑杈撳嚭璇彞
 9 i 鐨勫€兼槸锛?1
10 i 鐨勫€兼槸锛?2
11 continue 鍚庣殑杈撳嚭璇彞

3銆?浣跨敤 return 缁撴潫鏂规硶
return 鐢ㄤ簬浠庡寘鍥村畠鐨勬渶鐩存帴鏂规硶銆佸嚱鏁版垨鍖垮悕鍑芥暟杩斿洖銆傚綋鍑芥暟鎴栨柟娉曟墽琛屽埌涓€鏉?return 璇彞鏃讹紙return 鍏抽敭瀛楀悗鍙互璺熷彉閲忋€?/span>甯搁噺銆佽〃杈惧紡锛夛紝杩欎釜鍑芥暟鎴栨柟娉曞皢琚粨鏉熸墽琛屻€俽eturn 涓嶇澶勪簬澶氬皯涓惊鐜唴锛岄兘浼氱洿鎺ョ粨鏉熸暣涓嚱鏁版垨鏂规硶銆傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細

1 def foo():
2     for i in range(10):
3         for j in range(10):
4             print("i 鐨勫€兼槸锛?d, j 鐨勫€兼槸锛?d" % (i, j))
5             if j == 1:
6                 return
7             print("return 鍚庣殑杈撳嚭璇彞")
8 foo()

鍥涖€佺畝鍗曡繍鐢?/span>

1銆佹暟瀛楄浆浜烘皯甯佽娉?/span>
鍔熻兘锛氬皢涓€涓诞鐐规暟杞崲鎴愪汉姘戝竵璇绘硶鐨勫瓧绗︿覆銆?/span>
鎬濊矾锛氶鍏堟妸娴偣鏁板垎鎴愭暣鏁伴儴鍒嗗拰灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎锛屾暣鏁伴儴鍒嗗彲閫氳繃寮哄埗杞崲鎴愪竴涓暣鏁板嵆鍙紝鑷充簬灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎锛屽彲鐢ㄨ繖涓诞鐐规暟鍑忓幓鏁存暟寰楀埌銆?/span>鎺ヤ笅鍒嗗紑澶勭悊鏁存暟閮ㄥ垎鍜屽皬鏁伴儴鍒嗭紝瀵瑰皬鏁伴儴鍒嗙殑澶勭悊锛岀洿鎺ヤ繚鐣欎袱浣嶅皬鏁帮紝杞崲鎴愬嚑瑙掑嚑鍒嗙殑瀛楃涓层€傚鏁存暟閮ㄥ垎鐨勫鐞嗚澶嶆潅鐐癸紝鏁存暟鍙垎涓?涓暟瀛椾竴缁勮繘琛屽鐞嗭紝浠庡彸杈瑰紑濮嬶紝灏嗘暟瀛楀垎缁勶紝渚嬪绗竴缁勭殑璇绘硶鏄嚑鍗冨嚑鐧惧嚑鍗侊紝鑷充簬瑕佹坊鍔犵殑鍗曚綅锛屽嚭鐜板湪鍙宠竟绗竴缁勭殑4浣嶆暟瀛楁坊鍔?ldquo;鍏?rdquo;锛涘嚭鐜板湪绗簩缁勶紙5~8浣嶏級鍒欐坊鍔犲崟浣?ldquo;涓?rdquo;锛涘嚭鐜扮涓夌粍锛?~12浣嶏級鍒欐坊鍔犲崟浣?ldquo;浜?rdquo;锛涘浜?2浣嶆殏鏃朵笉鑰冭檻銆傜▼搴忓涓嬶細

 1 """
 2 鎶婁竴涓诞鐐规暟鍒嗚В鎴愭暣鏁伴儴鍒嗗拰灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎瀛楃涓?
 3 num 鏄渶瑕佸垎瑙ｇ殑娴偣鏁?
 4 杩斿洖鍒嗚В鍑烘潵鐨勬暣鏁伴儴鍒嗗拰灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎
 5 绗竴涓暟缁勫厓绱犳槸鏁存暟閮ㄥ垎锛岀浜屾暟缁勫厓绱犳槸灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎
 6 """
 7 def divide(num):
 8     if isinstance(num, float):
 9         # 灏嗘诞鐐规暟寮哄埗杞寲鎴愪负 int 绫诲瀷锛屽緱鍒版暣鏁伴儴鍒?/span>
10         integer = int(num)
11         # 娴偣鏁板噺鍘绘暣鏁伴儴鍒嗭紝寰楀埌灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎锛屽皬鏁颁箻浠?00鍚庡啀鍙栨暣锛屽緱鍒?浣嶅皬鏁?/span>
12         fraction = round((num - integer) * 100)
13         # 鎶婃暟瀛楄浆鎹负瀛楃涓茶繑鍥烇紝骞剁敤鍏冪粍褰㈠紡杩斿洖
14         return (str(integer), str(fraction))
15     else:
16         print("%s 涓嶆槸娴偣鏁帮紝璇蜂娇鐢ㄦ纭殑娴偣鏁帮紒")
17         return
18 
19 han_list = ["闆?/span>", "澹?/span>", "璐?/span>", "鍙?/span>", "鑲?/span>", "浼?/span>", "闄?/span>", "鏌?/span>", "鎹?/span>", "鐜?/span>"]
20 unit_list = ["鎷?/span>", "鐧?/span>", "鍗?/span>"]
21 jf_list = ["瑙?/span>", "鍒?/span>"]
22 
23 """
24 鎶婁竴涓?浣嶇殑鏁板瓧瀛楃涓插氨姹夊瓧瀛楃涓诧紝
25 num_str 鏄琚浆鎹㈢殑 4 浣嶆暟瀛楀瓧绗︿覆
26 杩斿洖 4 浣嶆暟瀛楀瓧绗︿覆琚浆鎹㈡垚姹夊瓧瀛楃涓?
27 """
28 def is_zero(n):
29     return True if n == 0 else False
30 
31 def four_to_hanstr(num_str):        # 12, 0123, 0012,10300567锛屾湯灏炬湁0涓嶈锛屽ご閮ㄦ湁0璇讳竴娆★紝涓棿鏈?瑕佽锛屼腑闂存湁澶氫釜0璇讳竴娆?/span>
32     result = ""
33     if int(num_str) == 0:       # 鏁板瓧涓哄叏0锛屽垯閮戒笉鐢ㄨ
34         return result
35     num_len = len(num_str)
36     # 渚濇閬嶅巻鏁板瓧瀛楃涓茬殑姣忎竴浣嶆暟瀛?/span>
37     for i in range(num_len):
38         # 鎶婂瓧绗︿覆杞崲鎴愭暟鍊?/span>
39         num = int(num_str[i])
40         # 濡傛灉涓嶆槸鏈€鍚庝竴浣嶆暟瀛楋紝鑰屼笖鏁板瓧涓嶄负闆讹紝鍒欓渶瑕佹坊鍔犲崟浣嶏紙鍗冦€佺櫨銆佸崄锛?/span>
41         if i != num_len - 1 and num != 0:
42             result += han_list[num] + unit_list[num_len - 2 - i]
43         # 鍚﹀垯涓嶆坊鍔犲崟浣?/span>
44         else:
45             result += han_list[num]
46     return result
47 
48 """
49 鎶婃暟瀛楀瓧绗︿覆鍙樻垚姹夊瓧瀛楃涓?
50 num_str 鏄渶瑕佽杞崲鐨勬暟瀛楀瓧绗︿覆
51 杩斿洖鏁板瓧瀛楃涓茶杞崲姹夊瓧瀛楃涓?
52 """
53 def integer_to_str(num_str, num2_str):
54     str_len = len(num_str)
55     str2_len = len(num2_str)
56     jf_str = ""
57     if str2_len == 1 and int(num2_str) != 0:
58         jf_str += han_list[int(num2_str)] + "鍒?/span>"
59     elif str2_len > 1:
60         if int(num2_str[0]) > 0:
61             jf_str += han_list[int(num2_str[0])] + "瑙?/span>"
62         if int(num2_str[1]) > 0:
63             jf_str += han_list[int(num2_str[1])] + "鍒?/span>"
64     if str_len > 12:
65         print("鏁板瓧澶ぇ锛屼笉鑳界炕璇戯紒")
66         return
67     # 濡傛灉鏁板瓧澶т簬8浣嶏紝鍖呭惈鍗曚綅锛氫嚎
68     elif str_len > 8:
69         return four_to_hanstr(num_str[:-8]) + "浜?/span>" + 70             four_to_hanstr(num_str[-8: -4]) + "涓?/span>" + 71             four_to_hanstr(num_str[-4:]) + "鍏?/span>" + jf_str
72     # 濡傛灉澶т簬4浣嶏紝鍖呭惈鍗曚綅锛氫竾
73     elif str_len > 4:
74         return four_to_hanstr(num_str[:-4]) + "涓?/span>" + 75             four_to_hanstr(num_str[-4:]) + "鍏?/span>" + jf_str
76     else:
77         return four_to_hanstr(num_str) + "鍏?/span>" + jf_str
78 
79 num = float(input("璇疯緭鍏ヤ竴涓诞鐐规暟锛?/span>"))
80 integer, fraction = divide(num)     # 璋冪敤鍑芥暟锛屽皢娴偣鏁板垎鎴愭暣鏁板拰灏忔暟閮ㄥ垎
81 print(integer_to_str(integer, fraction))

杩愯绋嬪簭锛岀粨鏋滃涓嬶細
璇疯緭鍏ヤ竴涓诞鐐规暟锛?50683001.378
璐颁嚎浼嶅崈闆堕檰鎷炬崒涓囧弫鍗冮浂闆跺９鍏冨弫瑙掓崒鍒?/span>

鍦ㄨ繖涓▼搴忎腑锛屽0鐨勫鐞嗚繕涓嶅瀹屽杽锛岃繕闇€瑕佽繘涓€姝ヤ慨鏀逛唬鐮佷互渚垮0杩涜澶勭悊銆?/span>

2銆佹暟瀛楃粫鍦堝湀
瑕佹眰鏄細缁欏畾涓€涓暟锛屾寜鐓ф寚瀹氱殑鏁拌緭鍑烘寚瀹氬舰寮忕殑鏁版嵁銆備緥濡傘€?/span>
缁欏畾4锛屽簲杈撳嚭濡備笅褰㈠紡鐨勬暟鎹細
01 12 11 10
02 13 16 09
03 14 15 08
04 05 06 07

缁欏畾5锛屽簲杈撳嚭濡備笅褰㈠紡鐨勬暟鎹細
01 16 15 14 13
02 17 24 23 12
03 18 25 22 11
04 19 20 21 10
05 06 07 08 09
......

浠庝笂闈?涓暟鐨勮寰嬪彲浠ョ幇锛岀▼搴忔槸鍦?ldquo;缁曞湀鍦?rdquo;濉叆鏁存暟锛屽彲灏嗗彸涓婅鍒板乏涓嬭鍒掑垎涓轰竴鍙疯浆寮嚎锛屽湪鍙充笂瑙掓槸鍚戝乏杞紝鍦ㄥ乏涓嬭鏄悜鍙宠浆銆?/span>灏嗗彸涓嬭鍒颁腑蹇冨垝鍒嗕负浜屽彿杞集绾匡紝鍦ㄥ彸涓嬭鏄悜涓婅浆銆傚皢宸︿笂瑙掑埌涓績鍒掑垎涓轰笁鍙疯浆寮嚎锛屽湪宸︿笂瑙掓槸鍚戜笅杞€傛湁浜嗚繖涓寰嬶紝鍙娇鐢?/span>宓屽鍒楄〃锛堜簩缁村垪琛級鏉ュ瓨鍌ㄨ繖浜涙暣鏁帮紝灏嗘暟鍊煎瓨鍏ュ祵濂楀垪琛ㄨ閬靛畧杩欑“缁曞湀鍦?rdquo;鐨勮鍒欙紝鏈€鍚庝互浜岀淮鏂瑰紡灏嗗垪琛ㄦ墦鍗板嚭鏉ャ€?/span>

缁曞湀绋嬪簭鐨勫叧閿偣灏辨槸鎺у埗缁曞湀鐨勬嫄寮偣銆傛牴鎹竴銆佷簩銆佷笁鍙疯浆寮嚎锛屽彲浠ュ彂鐜颁笅闈㈣寰嬶細
锛?锛夈€佸湪涓€鍙疯浆寮嚎涓婄殑琛岀储寮曚笌鍒楃储寮曚箣鍜岀瓑浜?n-1锛堝嵆缁欏畾鏁存暟鍊煎噺 1锛夈€?/span>
锛?锛夈€佸湪浜屽彿杞集绾夸笂鐨勮绱㈠紩涓庡垪绱㈠紩鐩哥瓑銆?/span>
锛?锛夈€佸湪涓夊彿杞集绾夸笂鐨勮绱㈠紩绛変簬鍒楃储寮曞噺1銆?/span>
鏈変簡杩欎釜瑙勫緥锛屼笅闈㈠紑濮嬫寮忕紪鍐欑▼搴忋€?/span>

 1 def num_round(n):
 2     array = [[0] * n]
 3     # 鍒涘缓涓€涓?n 琛?* n 鍒楃殑鍒楄〃
 4     for i in range(n - 1):
 5         array += [[0] * n]
 6     # orient 浠ｈ〃缁曞湀鏂瑰悜锛? 浠ｈ〃鍚戜笅锛? 浠ｈ〃鍚戝彸锛? 浠ｈ〃鍚戝乏锛? 浠ｈ〃鍚戜笂
 7     orient = 0      # 鍒濆榛樿鍚戜笅
 8     # 鎺у埗灏?1 ~ n*n 鐨勬暟鍊煎～鍏ヤ簩缁村垪琛ㄤ腑
 9     # j 鎺у埗琛岀储寮曪紝k 鎺у埗鍒楃储寮?/span>
10     j, k = 0, 0
11     for i in range(1, n * n + 1):
12         array[j][k] = i
13         # 濡傛灉浣嶄簬 1 鍙疯浆寮嚎涓婄殑鎯呭喌
14         if j + k == n - 1:
15             # j > k 鏃讹紝浣嶄簬宸︿笅瑙?/span>
16             if j > k:
17                 orient = 1  # 鏀瑰彉缁曞湀鏂瑰悜鍚戝彸
18             # 浣嶄簬鍙充笂瑙掔殑鎯呭喌
19             else:
20                 orient = 2  # 鏀瑰彉缁曞湀鏂瑰悜鍚戝乏
21         # 濡傛灉浣嶄簬 2 鍙疯浆寮嚎涓婂苟涓斿湪宸︿笅瑙掔殑鎯呭喌
22         elif (k == j) and (k >= n / 2):
23             orient = 3      # 鏀瑰彉缁曞湀鏂瑰悜鍚戜笂
24         # 濡傛灉浣嶄簬 3 鍙疯浆寮嚎涓婄殑鎯呭喌
25         elif (j == k - 1) and (k <= n / 2):
26             orient = 0      # 鏀瑰彉缁曞湀鏂瑰悜鍚戜笅
27         # 鏍规嵁鏂瑰悜鏉ユ帶鍒惰绱㈠紩銆佸垪绱㈠紩鐨勬敼鍙?/span>
28         # 濡傛灉鏂瑰悜涓哄悜涓嬬粫鍦?/span>
29         if orient == 0:
30             j += 1
31         # 濡傛灉鏂瑰悜涓哄悜鍙崇粫鍦?/span>
32         elif orient == 1:
33             k += 1
34         # 濡傛灉鏂瑰悜涓哄悜宸︾粫鍦?/span>
35         elif orient == 2:
36             k -= 1
37         # 濡傛灉鏂瑰悜涓哄悜涓婄粫鍦?/span>
38         elif orient == 3:
39             j -= 1
40     return array
41 
42 def print_array(n, array):
43     # 閲囩敤閬嶅巻鏂瑰紡杈撳嚭浜岀淮鍒楄〃
44     for i in range(n):
45         for j in range(n):
46             print(鈥?/span>%02d 鈥?/span> % array[i][j], end="")
47         print()
48 
49 
50 n = int(input("璇疯緭鍏ヤ竴涓暣鏁帮細"))
51 arr = num_round(n)
52 print_array(n, arr)

杩欐绋嬪簭鐨勯噸鐐规槸鍦?num_round 鍑芥暟涓?for 寰幆鍚庨潰鐨勭涓€涓?if鍒ゆ柇鍙婂悗闈袱涓猠lif 鍒ゆ柇璇彞锛岃繖鍑犺浠ｇ爜鎺у埗褰撳浜庤浆寮嚎涓婃椂缁曞湀鐨勬柟鍚戙€傚彧瑕佹纭帶鍒朵簡缁曞湀鏂瑰悜锛屽氨鍙€氳繃瀵?j銆乲 绱㈠紩鐨勫鍑忔潵鎺у埗缁曞湀銆?/span>

3銆?鎺у埗鍙颁簲瀛愭
鐢ㄤ簩缁村垪琛ㄦ潵瀹炵幇浜斿瓙妫嬨€傞鍏堝畾涔変竴涓簩缁村垪琛ㄤ綔涓烘鐩橈紝褰撶帺瀹朵笅涓€姝ユ鏃讹紝涔熷氨鏄粰浜岀粰缁村垪琛ㄧ殑涓€涓暟缁勫厓绱犺祴鍊笺€備唬鐮佸涓嬶細

 1 BOARD_SIZE = 16         # 瀹氫箟妫嬬洏澶у皬
 2 board = []              # 瀹氫箟涓€涓簩缁村垪琛ㄥ仛妫嬬洏
 3 def initBoard():
 4     # 鎶婃瘡涓厓绱犺祴涓?鈹?锛岀敤浜庡湪鎺у埗鍙扮敾鍑烘鐩?/span>
 5     for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
 6         row = ["鈹?/span>"] * BOARD_SIZE
 7         board.append(row)
 8         # 缁欐鐩樻坊鍔犳í鍧愭爣鍜岀旱鍧愭爣
 9         board[0][i] = i
10         board[i][0] = i
11 
12 def printBoard():
13     """鍦ㄦ帶鍒跺彴杈撳嚭妫嬬洏鐨勬柟娉?/span>"""
14     # 鎵撳嵃姣忎釜鍒楄〃鍏冪礌
15     for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
16         for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
17             if board[i][j] == "鈼?/span>":
18                 # 缁欐瀛愬姞涓婇鑹诧紝end="" 琛ㄧず涓嶆崲琛?/span>
19                 print("\033[31;31m%-2s\033[0m" % board[i][j], end="")
20             else:
21                 print("%-2s" % board[i][j], end="")
22         print()     # 鎵撳嵃瀹屼竴琛岋紝杈撳嚭涓€涓崲琛岀
23 
24 def main():
25     initBoard()
26     printBoard()
27     inputStr = input("璇疯緭鍏ヤ笅妫嬬殑鍧愭爣锛屼互x, y鐨勬牸寮忚緭鍏ワ細\n")
28     while inputStr != None:
29         x_str, y_str = inputStr.split(sep=",")
30         # board[int(x_str) - 1][int(y_str) - 1] = "鈼?    # 涓哄搴旂殑鍏冪礌璧嬪€?"鈼?
31         board[int(x_str)][int(y_str)] = "鈼?/span>"    # 涓哄搴旂殑鍏冪礌璧嬪€?"鈼?
32         鈥樷€樷€?/span>
33         杩欓噷杩橀渶瑕佸疄鐜扮殑鍔熻兘鏄細鐢佃剳闅忔満鐢熸垚涓や釜鏁存暟锛屼綔涓虹數鑴戜笅妫嬬殑鍧愭爣锛岃祴鍊肩粰board鍒楄〃锛岃鍋氬埌涓嬮潰3鐐癸細
34         1銆佸潗鏍囩殑鏈夋晥鎬э紝鍙兘鏄暟瀛楋紝涓嶈兘瓒呭嚭妫嬬洏鑼冨洿锛?
35         2銆佷笅妫嬬殑鐐癸紝涓嶈兘閲嶅涓嬫锛?
36         3銆佹瘡娆′笅妫嬪悗锛岄渶瑕佹壂鎻忚皝璧簡
37         鈥樷€樷€?/span>
38         printBoard()
39         inputStr = input("璇疯緭鍏ヤ笅妫嬬殑鍧愭爣锛屼互x, y鐨勬牸寮忚緭鍏ワ細\n")
40 
41 main()

杩欐浠ｇ爜鏈畬鎴愮數鑴戜笅妫嬶紝鎴栬€呭弻浜哄鎴樼殑鎯呭喌銆傝瀹屾垚杩欎釜鍔熻兘锛岄渶瑕佸垽鏂帺瀹跺拰鐢佃剳涓嬫鐨勫潗鏍囦笂涓嶈兘鏈夋瀛愶紝骞朵笖杩橀渶瑕佽繘琛?娆?/span>寰幆鎵弿锛屽垽鏂í銆佺珫銆佸乏鏂溿€佸彸鏂滄槸鍚︽湁5棰楁瀛愯繛鍦ㄤ竴璧锋潵鍒ゅ畾鑳滆礋銆?/span>

4銆?鎺у埗鍙拌秴甯傜郴缁?/span>
鎺у埗鍙拌秴甯傜郴缁熷彲璁╃敤鎴蜂负绋嬪簭鎻愪緵鍛戒护杩涜璐墿銆傜洰鐨勫湪浜庣粌涔犲垪琛ㄣ€佸瓧鍏搞€佸厓缁勭瓑鏁版嵁缁撴瀯鐢ㄦ硶锛屼唬鐮佷腑鐢ㄥ埌鐨勬暟鎹涓嬶細
锛?锛夈€佺敤鍏冪粍浠ｈ〃鍟嗗搧锛屽厓缁勪腑鍖呭惈鍟嗗搧缂栧彿銆佸悕绉般€佸崟浠枫€?/span>
锛?锛夈€佺敤瀛楀吀琛ㄧず绯荤粺涓綋鍓嶄粨搴撲腑鐨勬墍鏈夊晢鍝侊紝瀛楀吀鐨勯敭鏄晢鍝佺紪鍙凤紝鍊兼槸鍟嗗搧鍏冪粍銆?/span>
锛?锛夈€佺敤鍒楄〃鏉ヨ褰曠敤鎴风殑璐墿娓呭崟锛屽垪琛ㄧ殑鍏冪礌浠ｈ〃璐墿鏄庣粏椤癸紝姣忎釜鏄庣粏椤逛篃鏄竴涓垪琛ㄣ€?br />
璇ョ▼搴忕殑涓昏鍔熻兘濡備笅锛?/span>
锛?锛夈€佹樉绀哄綋鍓嶈秴甯傜殑鍟嗗搧娓呭崟锛氶亶鍘嗗瓧鍏哥殑 values() 鏂规硶杩斿洖鍊煎嵆鍙€?/span>
锛?锛夈€佹樉绀虹敤鎴风殑璐墿娓呭崟锛氶亶鍘嗕唬琛ㄧ敤鎴疯喘鐗╂竻鍗曠殑鍒楄〃锛屽彲鏄剧ず鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮喘鐗╂竻鍗曘€?/span>
锛?锛夈€佺敤鎴蜂慨鏀硅喘涔板晢鍝佺殑鏁伴噺锛氫慨鏀逛唬琛ㄧ敤鎴疯喘鐗╂竻鍗曠殑鍒楄〃涓殑鍏冪礌銆?/span>
锛?锛夈€佺敤鎴峰垹闄ゅ凡璐拱鐨勫晢鍝侊細鍒犻櫎浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鍒楄〃涓殑鍏冪礌銆?/span>
浠ｇ爜濡備笅锛?/span>

  1 repository = dict()         # 瀹氫箟浠撳簱
  2 shop_list = []              # 瀹氫箟璐墿娓呭崟瀵硅薄
  3 
  4 def init_repository():
  5     """鐢ㄤ竴涓嚱鏁版潵鍒濆鍖栧晢鍝?/span>"""
  6     # 姣忎釜鍏冪粍鐖变唬琛ㄤ竴涓晢鍝?/span>
  7     goods1 = (鈥?/span>10000001鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>Python鍩虹鍏ラ棬鈥?/span>, 59.9)
  8     goods2 = (鈥?/span>10000002鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>Python鍏ラ棬鍒版彁楂?/span>鈥?/span>, 65.9)
  9     goods3 = (鈥?/span>10000003鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>Python杩涢樁寮€鍙?/span>鈥?/span>, 69.9)
 10     goods4 = (鈥?/span>10000004鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>Python缃戠粶缂栫▼鈥?/span>, 77.9)
 11     goods5 = (鈥?/span>10000005鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>Python鏍稿績缂栫▼鈥?/span>, 79.9)
 12     goods6 = (鈥?/span>10000006鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>Python浠庡叆闂ㄥ埌鏀惧純鈥?/span>, 113.9)
 13     # 鎶婂晢鍝佹斁鍏ュ瓧鍏镐腑
 14     repository[goods1[0]] = goods1
 15     repository[goods2[0]] = goods2
 16     repository[goods3[0]] = goods3
 17     repository[goods4[0]] = goods4
 18     repository[goods5[0]] = goods5
 19     repository[goods6[0]] = goods6
 20 
 21 def show_goods():
 22     """閬嶅巻浠ｈ〃浠撳簱鐨勫瓧鍏革紝鏄剧ず瓒呭競鐨勫晢鍝佹竻鍗?/span>"""
 23     print("Welecome Python Shopmarkt")
 24     print("Python Shop lists:")
 25     print("%13s%40s%10s" % (鈥?/span>鏉＄爜鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>鍟嗗搧鍚嶇О鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>鍗曚环鈥?/span>))
 26     # 閬嶅巻 repository 瀛楀吀涓墍鏈夊€兼潵鏄剧ず鍟嗗搧娓呭崟
 27     for goods in repository.values():
 28         print("%15s%40s%12s" % goods)
 29 
 30 def show_list():
 31     """鏄剧ず璐墿娓呭崟锛屽嵆閬嶅巻浠ｈ〃璐墿娓呭崟鐨刲ist鍒楄〃"""
 32     print("=" * 100)
 33     # 濡傛灉娓呭崟涓嶄负绌猴紝鍒欒緭鍑烘竻鍗曠殑鍐呭
 34     if not shop_list:
 35         print("鏈喘鐗╀换浣曞晢鍝?/span>")
 36     else:
 37         title = "%-5s|%15s|%40s|%10s|%4s|%10s" %  38                 ("ID", "鏉＄爜", "鍟嗗搧鍚嶇О", "鍗曚环", "鏁伴噺", "灏忚")
 39         print(title)
 40         print("-" * 100)
 41         # 璁″綍鎬昏鐨勪环閽?/span>
 42         sum = 0
 43         # 閬嶅巻浠ｈ〃璐墿娓呭崟鐨?list 鍒楄〃
 44         for i, item in enumerate(shop_list, 1):
 45             # 鑾峰彇璇ヨ喘鐗╂槑缁嗛」鐨勭1涓厓绱狅細鍟嗗搧缂栧彿
 46             code = item[0]
 47             # 鏍规嵁鍟嗗彿鑾峰彇鍟嗗搧鍙婂晢鍝佸悕绉?/span>
 48             name = repository[code][1]
 49             # 鑾峰彇鍟嗗搧浠锋牸
 50             price = repository[code][2]
 51             # 鑾峰彇鍟嗗搧鏁伴噺
 52             number = item[1]
 53             # 灏忚
 54             amount = price * number
 55             sum = sum + amount
 56             line = "%-5s|%17s|%40s|%12s|%6s|%12.2f" %  57                    (i, code, name, price, number, amount)
 58             print(line)
 59         print("-" * 100)
 60         s = "鎬昏: " + str("%.2f" % sum)
 61         print("%98s" % s)
 62     print("=" * 100)
 63 
 64 def add():
 65     """娣诲姞璐拱鐨勫晢鍝侊紝灏辨槸鍚戜唬琛ㄧ敤鎴疯喘鐗╂竻鍗曠殑 list 鍒楄〃涓坊鍔犱竴椤?/span>"""
 66     # 绛夊緟杈撳叆缂栧彿
 67     code = input("璇疯緭鍏ュ晢鍝佺殑缂栧彿锛歕n")
 68     # 娌℃湁鎵惧埌瀵瑰簲鐨勫晢鍝侊紝鏉＄爜閿欒
 69     if code not in repository:
 70         print("鏉＄爜閿欒锛岃閲嶆柊杈撳叆")
 71         return
 72     # 鏍规嵁浠ｇ爜鎵惧晢鍝?/span>
 73     goods = repository[code]
 74     # 绛夊緟杈撳叆鏁伴噺
 75     number = input("璇疯緭鍏ヨ喘涔版暟閲忥細\n")
 76     # 鎶婂晢鍝佸拰璐拱鏁伴噺灏佽鎴?list 鍚庡姞鍏ヨ喘鐗╂竻鍗曚腑
 77     shop_list.append([code, int(number)])
 78 
 79 def edit():
 80     """淇敼璐拱鍟嗗搧鐨勬暟閲忥紝灏辨槸淇敼浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鐨?list 鍒楄〃鐨勫厓绱?/span>"""
 81     id = input("璇疯緭鍏ヨ淇敼鐨勮喘鐗╂槑缁嗛」鐨処D锛歕n")
 82     index = int(id) - 1
 83     # 鏍规嵁绱㈠紩鑾峰彇鏌愪釜璐墿鏄庣粏椤?/span>
 84     item = shop_list[index]
 85     # 鎻愮ず杈撳叆鏂扮殑璐拱鏁伴噺
 86     number = input("璇疯緭鍏ユ柊鐨勮喘涔版暟閲忥細\n")
 87     # 淇敼 item 閲岄潰鐨?number
 88     item[1] = int(number)
 89 
 90 def delete():
 91     """鍒犻櫎宸茶喘涔扮殑鍟嗗搧鏄庣粏椤癸紝灏辨槸鍒犻櫎浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鐨?list 鍒楄〃鐨勫厓绱?/span>"""
 92     id = input("璇疯緭鍏ヨ鍒犻櫎鐨勮喘鐗╂槑缁嗛」鐨?ID: ")
 93     index = int(id) - 1
 94     # 鐩存帴鏍规嵁绱㈠紩浠庢竻鍗曢噷闈㈠垹闄よ喘鐗╂槑缁嗛」
 95     del shop_list[index]
 96 
 97 def payment():
 98     # 鍏堟墦鍗版竻鍗?/span>
 99     show_list()
100     print("\n" * 2)
101     print("娆㈣繋涓嬫鍏変复锛?/span>")
102     # 閫€鍑虹▼搴?/span>
103     import os
104     os._exit(0)
105 
106 cmd_dict = 鈥?/span>a鈥?/span>: add, 鈥?/span>e鈥?/span>: edit, 鈥?/span>d鈥?/span>: delete, 鈥?/span>p鈥?/span>:payment, 鈥?/span>s鈥?/span>: show_goods
107 
108 def show_command():
109     """鏄剧ず鍛戒护鎻愮ず"""
110     cmd = input("璇疯緭鍏ユ搷浣滄寚浠わ細 \n" +
111                 "    娣诲姞(a)  淇敼(e)  鍒犻櫎(d)  缁撶畻(p)  鏄剧ず鍟嗗搧(s)\n")
112     # 濡傛灉杈撳叆鐨勬寚浠ゆ湭鎵惧埌
113     if cmd not in cmd_dict:
114         print("杈撳叆鐨勬寚浠ゆ湭鐭ャ€?/span>")
115     else:
116         cmd_dict[cmd]()     # 鏍规嵁杈撳叆鐨勬寚浠よ皟鐢ㄧ浉搴旂殑鍑芥暟
117 
118 init_repository()
119 show_goods()
120 # 鏄剧ず娓呭崟鍜屾搷浣滃懡浠ゆ彁绀?/span>
121 while True:
122     show_list()
123     show_command()

鍦ㄨ繖涓秴甯傛帶鍒跺彴绋嬪簭涓紝浣跨敤浜?def 鍏抽敭瀛楀畾涔夌殑鍑犱釜鍑芥暟锛岀敤浜庡皢绋嬪簭鍚勫姛鑳藉垝鍒嗗埌鍗曠嫭鐨勫嚱鏁颁腑銆?/span>
show_goods()锛氭樉绀鸿秴甯傚晢鍝佹竻鍗曪紝閫氳繃閬嶅巻浠撳簱鐨?repository 涓殑 values() 杩斿洖鍊煎畬鎴愩€?/span>
show_list()锛氭樉绀虹敤鎴风殑璐墿娓呭崟锛岄€氳繃閬嶅巻浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鐨?shop_list瀹屾垚銆?/span>
add()锛氭坊鍔犺喘涔板晢鍝侊紝閫氳繃浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鐨?shop_list 涓坊鍔犲厓绱犳潵瀹屾垚銆?/span>
edit()锛氫慨鏀瑰晢鍝佹暟閲忥紝閫氳繃淇敼浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鐨?shop_list 涓殑鍏冪礌瀹屾垚銆?/span>
delete()锛氬垹闄ゅ凡璐拱鐨勫晢鍝侊紝閫氳繃鍒犻櫎浠ｈ〃鐢ㄦ埛璐墿娓呭崟鐨?shop_list 涓殑鍏冪礌瀹屾垚銆?/span>

姝ゅ锛岃繕鍙互閫氳繃杈撳叆鍛戒护杩涜鐩稿簲鐨勬搷浣滐紝杩欐牱绠€鍗曞疄鐜颁簡浜や簰鏁堟灉銆?/span>

浜斻€佸皬缁?/span>

1銆丳ython甯哥敤鐨勪袱绉嶇▼搴忔祦绋嬬粨鏋勶細鍒嗘敮缁撴瀯鍜屽惊鐜粨鏋勩€?/span>
2銆乮f 鍒嗘敮缁撴瀯鍙綔涓鸿鍙ヤ娇鐢紝涔熷彲浣滀负琛ㄨ揪寮忎娇鐢紝瑕佺伒娲讳娇鐢ㄣ€?/span>
3銆佹敞鎰忓尯鍒拰鑱旂郴 while 鍜?for-in 寰幆缁撴瀯銆?/span>
4銆乥reak銆乧ontinue 鐢ㄤ簬鎺у埗寰幆锛屽叾涓?break 鐢ㄤ簬璺冲嚭鏈寰幆锛沜ontinue 鐢ㄤ簬蹇界暐褰撴寰幆鍓╀笅鐨勮鍙ワ紝閲嶆柊寮€濮嬩笅涓€娆″惊鐜€?/span>
5銆侀€氳繃4涓疄渚嬶紝鐔熸倝鎺屾彙娴佺▼鎺у埗銆佸垪琛ㄣ€佸厓缁勩€佸瓧鍏哥殑鍔熻兘鍜岀敤娉曘€?/span>