Executor ExecutorService Executors
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Executor
public interface Executor
void execute(Runnable command);
ExecutorService
ExecutorService
是一个接口,继承了Executor
接口,定义了一些生命周期的方法
public interface ExecutorService extends Executor
//顺次地关闭ExecutorService,停止接收新的任务,等待所有已经提交的任务执行完毕之后,关闭ExecutorService
void shutdown();
//阻止等待任务启动并试图停止当前正在执行的任务,停止接收新的任务,返回处于等待的任务列表
List<Runnable> shutdownNow();
//判断线程池是否已经关闭
boolean isShutdown();
//如果关闭后所有任务都已完成,则返回 true。注意,除非首先调用 shutdown 或 shutdownNow,否则 isTerminated 永不为 true。
boolean isTerminated();
//等待(阻塞)直到关闭或最长等待时间或发生中断,如果此执行程序终止,则返回 true;如果终止前超时期满,则返回 false
boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException;
//提交一个返回值的任务用于执行,返回一个表示任务的未决结果的 Future。该 Future 的 get 方法在成功完成时将会返回该任务的结果。
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
//提交一个 Runnable 任务用于执行,并返回一个表示该任务的 Future。该 Future 的 get 方法在成功完成时将会返回给定的结果。
<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
//提交一个 Runnable 任务用于执行,并返回一个表示该任务的 Future。该 Future 的 get 方法在成功完成时将会返回 null
Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
throws InterruptedException;
<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException;
<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
Executors工厂类
Executors
类,提供了一系列工厂方法用于创建线程池,返回的线程池都实现了ExecutorService
接口。
public class Executors
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
public static ExecutorService newWorkStealingPool(int parallelism)
return new ForkJoinPool
(parallelism,
ForkJoinPool.defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,
null, true);
public static ExecutorService newWorkStealingPool()
return new ForkJoinPool
(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(),
ForkJoinPool.defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,
null, true);
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory)
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory)
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory));
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory)
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor()
return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
(new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1));
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize)
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
public static ThreadFactory defaultThreadFactory()
return new DefaultThreadFactory();
public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result)
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
线程池分类
newCachedThreadPool():
缓存型池子:
先查看池中有没有以前建立的线程,如果有,就reuse。如果没有,就建一个新的线程加入池中。
缓存型池子通常用于执行一些生存期很短的异步型任务。
缺省timeout是60s,超过这个IDLE时长,线程实例将被终止及移出池。
cache池线程数支持0-Integer.MAX_VALUE(显然完全没考虑主机的资源承受能力),60秒IDLE
newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads):
任意时间点,最多只能有固定数目的活动线程存在。
此时如果有新的线程要建立,只能放在另外的队列中等待,直到当前的线程中某个线程终止直接被移出池子。
FixedThreadPool多数针对一些很稳定很固定的正规并发线程,多用于服务器
newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize):
调度型线程池
这个池子里的线程可以按schedule依次delay执行,或周期执行
SingleThreadExecutor():
单例线程,任意时间池中只能有一个线程
用的是和cache池和fixed池相同的底层池,但线程数目是1,0秒IDLE(无IDLE)
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