Spring Data 系列 Spring+JPA(spring-data-commons)
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本章是Spring Data系列的第三篇。系列文章,重点不是讲解JPA语法,所以跑开了JPA的很多语法等,重点放在环境搭建,通过对比方式,快速体会Spring 对JPA的强大功能。
准备代码过程中,保持了每个例子的独立性,和简单性,准备的源码包,下载即可使用。如果,对JPA语法想深入研究的话,直接下载在此基础上进行测试。
前言
Spring Data 系列(一) 入门:简单介绍了原生态的SQL使用,以及JdbcTemplate的使用,在这里写SQL的活还需要自己准备。
Spring Data 系列(二) Spring+JPA入门(集成Hibernate) : 使用JPA API,SQL实现了透明化,可以在不同数据库之间进行切换,以及JPA解决方案间切换。这时候的业务DAO层,是自定义的方法。
Spring Data 系列(三) Spring+JPA(spring-data-commons): 在Spring Data 系列(二)
的基础上,业务DAO层,也可以省掉。
1.XML配置实现spring-data-commons集成
环境代码和项目结构和Spring Data 系列(二) 基本一致
1.1 项目结构
1.2.pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springJpaExample2</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springJpaExample2</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-releases</id> <name>Spring Releases</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </repository> <repository> <id>org.jboss.repository.releases</id> <name>JBoss Maven Release Repository</name> <url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases</url> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>spring-releases</id> <name>Spring Releases</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.spring.platform</groupId> <artifactId>platform-bom</artifactId> <version>1.1.2.RELEASE</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>
1.3 persistence.xml
<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="JPAExamples"> <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
1.4 日志文件(这对研究框架操作过程,是个很好的入口)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"> <Pattern> %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n </Pattern> </layout> </appender> <logger name="org.hibernate" level="debug" additivity="false"> <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> </logger> <root level="error"> <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> </root> </configuration>
1.5 核心配置文件spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd "> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/exampledb"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="root"/> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="META-INF/persistence.xml"/> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="JPAExamples"/> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaVendorAdapter"/> <property name="jpaDialect" ref="jpaDialect"/> <property name="jpaProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="jpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="generateDdl" value="false" /> <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/> </bean> <bean id="jpaDialect" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/> <bean id="entityManager" factory-bean="entityManagerFactory" factory-method="createEntityManager"></bean> <!-- Jpa 事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" p:entityManagerFactory-ref="entityManagerFactory" /> <!-- 开启注解事务 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" /> <!-- 启动对@AspectJ(面向切面)注解的支持 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"></context:component-scan> <jpa:repositories base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"/> </beans>
1.6 业务Entity
package com.journaldev.spring.jpa.model; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.IdClass; @Entity public class Employee { @Id private Integer id; private String name; private String role; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getRole() { return role; } public void setRole(String role) { this.role = role; } @Override public String toString() { return "{ID=" + id + ",Name=" + name + ",Role=" + role + "}"; } }
1.7 DAO
public interface EmployeeDAO extends CrudRepository<Employee,Integer> { }
DAO接口定义,这儿有几点2点注意
不需要在这儿重复通过@Reposity,@Component等注解声明Bean,因为通过<jpa:repositories base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"/>语法已经声明了
CrudRepository是泛型,不能省略。
1.8 最后测试
import com.journaldev.spring.jpa.dao.EmployeeDAO; import com.journaldev.spring.jpa.model.Employee; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Random; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring.xml") public class SpringJPATest /*extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests */{ @Autowired private EmployeeDAO employeeDAO; @Test public void testSave(){ Employee emp = new Employee(); int rand = new Random().nextInt(1000); emp.setId(rand); emp.setName("Pankaj"); emp.setRole("Java Developer"); employeeDAO.save(emp); emp.setName(emp.getName() + "_update"); employeeDAO.save(emp); Iterable<Employee> employees = employeeDAO.findAll(); Iterator<Employee> iterator = employees.iterator(); while(iterator.hasNext()){ System.out.println(iterator.next()); } } }
测试代码,不多测试。还是那句话,该系列文章,重点是演示搭建过程,以及对比方式,理解Spring Data带来的威力。
最后:
通过对比,相信大家不难发现,本文的DAO层连实现都不需要了,定义一个接口就齐活了,逻辑由Spring自动实时自动生成。最后我要说的时,虽然Spring给我们带来的便利,但麻烦也随之而来。把底层实现进行了屏蔽,凡是遇到错误,也很难定位问题了,弄清楚Spring的工作机制,这也是我们以后的课题了。
2.Annotation配置实现spring-data-commons集成
和<1.XML配置实现spring-data-commons集成>节基本一样。
稍微有点差别的是
2.1 spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd "> <context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"></context:component-scan> </beans>
去除数据库,事务管理器配置,改用java annotation。相信熟悉spring的同学都知道,他们仅仅是声明spring bean的方式有点差别,基本本质是一样,都是注册BeanDefinition元数据,进而根据元数据构建需要的Bean对象。
2.2 添加配置bean
package com.journaldev.spring.jpa; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource; import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager; import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean; import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.util.Properties; @Configuration @EnableTransactionManagement @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.journaldev.spring.jpa" }) class PersistenceContext { //Configure the required beans here @Bean public DataSource dataSource() { DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource(); dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/exampledb"); dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); dataSource.setUsername("root"); dataSource.setPassword("root"); return dataSource; } @Bean public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource dataSource) { LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean(); entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource); entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter()); // entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.journaldev.spring.jpa"); Properties jpaProperties = new Properties(); //Configures the used database dialect. This allows Hibernate to create SQL //that is optimized for the used database. jpaProperties.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"); //Specifies the action that is invoked to the database when the Hibernate //SessionFactory is created or closed. jpaProperties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto",true); //If the value of this property is true, Hibernate writes all SQL //statements to the console. jpaProperties.put("hibernate.show_sql",true); //If the value of this property is true, Hibernate will format the SQL //that is written to the console. jpaProperties.put("hibernate.format_sql",true); entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(jpaProperties); return entityManagerFactoryBean; } @Bean public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) { JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager(); transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory); return transactionManager; } }
使用编码式声明,我能想到唯一的优点:自动程度高一些,方便动态配置相关信息。
总之,变更了2处地方,其他完全一样。可以理解为就是声明底层支持对象(如数据源,事务管理器)两个地方发生了变化),看各自爱好,那种方式都可以。我比较倾向于XML声明方式。
源码包2个
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