PostgreSQL 修改设置数据库的默认用户以及权限.

Posted 2022-09-30 jinanxiaolaohu

1. 登录PG数据库.

psql -U postgres

界面效果为:

[root@centos76 ~]# psql -U postgres
psql (10.7)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# 

其实这里面有一个主意事项. psql 的 命令执行 其实是在环境变量里面的

我这边使用的是rpm 方式安装的pg 数据库. 

 

 2. 简单说一下pgsql 的相关命令

使用反斜线作为命令前缀. 

退出 \\q
列出所有的数据库 \\l
更改当前连接的数据库 \\c

详细的帮助信息为:

postgres=# \\?
General
  \\copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
  \\crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display results in crosstab
  \\errverbose            show most recent error message at maximum verbosity
  \\g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
  \\gexec                 execute query, then execute each value in its result
  \\gset [PREFIX]         execute query and store results in psql variables
  \\gx [FILE]             as \\g, but forces expanded output mode
  \\q                     quit psql
  \\watch [SEC]           execute query every SEC seconds

Help
  \\? [commands]          show help on backslash commands
  \\? options             show help on psql command-line options
  \\? variables           show help on special variables
  \\h [NAME]              help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands

Query Buffer
  \\e [FILE] [LINE]       edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
  \\ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]]  edit function definition with external editor
  \\ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]]  edit view definition with external editor
  \\p                     show the contents of the query buffer
  \\r                     reset (clear) the query buffer
  \\s [FILE]              display history or save it to file
  \\w FILE                write query buffer to file

Input/Output
  \\copy ...              perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
  \\echo [STRING]         write string to standard output
  \\i FILE                execute commands from file
  \\ir FILE               as \\i, but relative to location of current script
  \\o [FILE]              send all query results to file or |pipe
  \\qecho [STRING]        write string to query output stream (see \\o)

Conditional
  \\if EXPR               begin conditional block
  \\elif EXPR             alternative within current conditional block
  \\else                  final alternative within current conditional block
  \\endif                 end conditional block

Informational
  (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
  \\d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences
  \\d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index
  \\da[S]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates
  \\dA[+]  [PATTERN]      list access methods
  \\db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces
  \\dc[S+] [PATTERN]      list conversions
  \\dC[+]  [PATTERN]      list casts
  \\dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere
  \\dD[S+] [PATTERN]      list domains
  \\ddp    [PATTERN]      list default privileges
  \\dE[S+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables
  \\det[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables
  \\des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers
  \\deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings
  \\dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers
  \\df[antw][S+] [PATRN]  list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
  \\dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations
  \\dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries
  \\dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers
  \\dFt[+] [PATTERN]      list text search templates
  \\dg[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles
  \\di[S+] [PATTERN]      list indexes
  \\dl                    list large objects, same as \\lo_list
  \\dL[S+] [PATTERN]      list procedural languages
  \\dm[S+] [PATTERN]      list materialized views
  \\dn[S+] [PATTERN]      list schemas
  \\do[S]  [PATTERN]      list operators
  \\dO[S+] [PATTERN]      list collations
  \\dp     [PATTERN]      list table, view, and sequence access privileges
  \\drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings
  \\dRp[+] [PATTERN]      list replication publications
  \\dRs[+] [PATTERN]      list replication subscriptions
  \\ds[S+] [PATTERN]      list sequences
  \\dt[S+] [PATTERN]      list tables
  \\dT[S+] [PATTERN]      list data types
  \\du[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles
  \\dv[S+] [PATTERN]      list views
  \\dx[+]  [PATTERN]      list extensions
  \\dy     [PATTERN]      list event triggers
  \\l[+]   [PATTERN]      list databases
  \\sf[+]  FUNCNAME       show a function‘s definition
  \\sv[+]  VIEWNAME       show a view‘s definition
  \\z      [PATTERN]      same as \\dp

Formatting
  \\a                     toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
  \\C [STRING]            set table title, or unset if none
  \\f [STRING]            show or set field separator for unaligned query output
  \\H                     toggle html output mode (currently off)
  \\pset [NAME [VALUE]]   set table output option
                         (NAME := border|columns|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero|
                         footer|format|linestyle|null|numericlocale|pager|
                         pager_min_lines|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tableattr|title|
                         tuples_only|unicode_border_linestyle|
                         unicode_column_linestyle|unicode_header_linestyle)
  \\t [on|off]            show only rows (currently off)
  \\T [STRING]            set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none
  \\x [on|off|auto]       toggle expanded output (currently off)

Connection
  \\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo
                         connect to new database (currently "postgres")
  \\conninfo              display information about current connection
  \\encoding [ENCODING]   show or set client encoding
  \\password [USERNAME]   securely change the password for a user

Operating System
  \\cd [DIR]              change the current working directory
  \\setenv NAME [VALUE]   set or unset environment variable
  \\timing [on|off]       toggle timing of commands (currently off)
  \\! [COMMAND]           execute command in shell or start interactive shell

Variables
  \\prompt [TEXT] NAME    prompt user to set internal variable
  \\set [NAME [VALUE]]    set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
  \\unset NAME            unset (delete) internal variable

Large Objects
  \\lo_export LOBOID FILE
  \\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
  \\lo_list
  \\lo_unlink LOBOID      large object operations

3. 具体命令就是

展示所有数据库
\\l 
效果为:

gscloud=# \\l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
---------------+---------------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------
GSCloud1903 | GSCloud1903 | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =Tc/GSCloud1903 +
| | | | | GSCloud1903=CTc/GSCloud1903

展示所有用户
\\dg

gscloud=# \\dg
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
GSCloud1903 | Superuser, Replication |

创建用户

create role zhaobsh;

设置密码

alter role zhaobsh with password ‘Test6530‘;

or

\\password zhaobsh

修改属主

alter database "GSCloud1903" owner to zhaobsh;

增加权限

grant all on database "GSCloud1903" to zhaobsh;

设置是 supseruser 以及 登录权限

alter user zhaobsh superuser login