（13）ElasticSearch match查询

Posted 2022-09-19 javasl

match 查询知道分词器的存在，会对field进行分词操作，然后再查询。而term不会分词，会把field当成一个整体查询。（备注：数据来自于上一篇）

1、用match查询name是zhaoliu或者zhaoming的，能查出两条记录，而用term查询不出来，因为倒排索引列表中没有 "zhaoliu zhaoming"。如下：

GET /lib3/user/_search

  "query":
    "match":
      "name":"zhaoliu zhaoming"
    
  

结果如下：

  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": 
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  ,
  "hits": 
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.9808292,
    "hits": [
      
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.9808292,
        "_source": 
          "name": "zhaoming",
          "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 20,
          "birthday": "1998-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        
      ,
      
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.6931472,
        "_source": 
          "name": "zhaoliu",
          "address": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
          "age": 50,
          "birthday": "1970-12-12",
          "interests": "xi huang hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
        
      
    ]
  

换成term

GET /lib3/user/_search

  "query":
    "term":
      "name":"zhaoliu zhaoming"
    
  

结果如下：

  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": 
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  ,
  "hits": 
    "total": 0,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": []
  

2、查询年龄是20的

GET /lib3/user/_search

  "query":
      "match":"age":20
      
    

3、查询所有的，match_all

GET /lib3/user/_search

  "query":
    "match_all":
  

4、可以指定多个字段，multi_match。如下：interests或者name中含有lvyou的都会搜索出来。

GET /lib3/user/_search

  "query":
    "multi_match":
      "query":"lvyou","fields":["interests","name"]
    
  

4、短语匹配 match_phrase，ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变。（理解为完全匹配）。如下第一个不能查询到文档，第二个可以查询到文档。

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match_phrase":
            "interests":"duanlian,shuoxiangsheng"
        
    


GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match_phrase":
            "interests":"duanlian,changge"
        
    

5、指明需要哪些字段，_source。

　　（5.1）查询 interests 是 changge，结果中只显示 address、name字段：

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "_source":["address","name"],
    "query":
        "match":
            "interests":"changge"
        
    

　　（5.2）查询所有的，结果只显示name，address字段

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match_all":
    ,
    "_source":
        "includes":["name","address"]
    

　　（5.3）查询所有的，结果不包含age、birthday字段

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match_all":
    ,
    "_source":
        "excludes":["age","birthday"]
    

　　（5.4）通配符。查询所有的，字段名以addr开头，不包括name，不包括以bir开头的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "_source":
        "includes":"addr*",
        "excludes":["name","bir*"]
    ,
    "query":
        "match_all":
    

6、排序。使用sort实现排序：desc降序，asc升序

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match_all":
        ,
        "sort":
            "age":"order":"desc"
        

7、前缀匹配查询。查询出name以zhao开头的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match_phrase_prefix":
            "name":
                "query":"zhao"
            
        
    

8、范围查询range。参数：from，to，include_lower，include_upper，boost。

　　include_lower：是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true，

　　include_upper：是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "range":
            "birthday":
                "from":"1990-10-10",
                "to":"2018-05-01"
            
        
    

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "range":
            "age":
                "from":20,
                "to":25,
                "include_lower":true,
                "include_upper":false
            
        
    

8、wildcard查询。允许使用通配符*和？来进行查询

　　*代表0个或者多个字符
　　？代表任意一个字符

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "wildcard":
            "name":"li?i"
        
    

9、fuzzy 实现模糊查询。

　　value：查询的关键字
　　boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0
　　min_similarity：设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为 0.5，对于字符串，取值
　　　　　　　　　为0-1（包括0和1）；对于数值 ，取值可能大于1；对于日期型取值为1d，1m等 ，1d就代表1天
　　prefix_length：指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0
　　max_expansions：查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大

　　如下,name的值是zholiu可以查询出name是zhaoliu的文档，interests的值是chagge可以查询出interests的值是chagge的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "fuzzy":
            "name":"zholiu"
        
    

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "fuzzy":
            "interests":
                "value":"chagge"
            
        
    

10、高亮查询：highlight，搜索出来的文档，在搜索关键字的地方加了标签，如<em>changge</em>，下面是个示例。

GET /lib3/user/_search

    "query":
        "match":
            "interests":"changge"
        
    ,
    "highlight":
        "fields":
            "interests":
        
    

结果如下：

  "took": 83,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": 
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  ,
  "hits": 
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 0.6931472,
    "hits": [
      
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.6931472,
        "_source": 
          "name": "lisi",
          "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 23,
          "birthday": "1998-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        ,
        "highlight": 
          "interests": [
            "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
          ]
        
      ,
      
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.47000363,
        "_source": 
          "name": "zhaoming",
          "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 20,
          "birthday": "1998-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        ,
        "highlight": 
          "interests": [
            "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
          ]
        
      ,
      
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 0.47000363,
        "_source": 
          "name": "zhangsan",
          "address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
          "age": 29,
          "birthday": "1988-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
        ,
        "highlight": 
          "interests": [
            "xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,tiaowu"
          ]
        
      
    ]