Linux扩展阿里云数据盘分区和文件系统
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扩容云盘只是扩大存储容量,不会扩容文件系统
一、准备工作
在扩展数据盘扩展分区和文件系统前,请提前完成以下工作。
二、确认分区格式和文件系统
ECS实例的操作系统为CentOS 6.8 64 位,数据盘设备名为/dev/vdb。
1、运行fdisk -lu <DeviceName>
确认数据盘是否分区。
"System"="Linux"
说明数据盘使用的是MBR分区格式,如果"System"="GPT"
则说明数据盘使用的是GPT格式。
[root@test ~]# fdisk -lu /dev/vdb Disk /dev/vdb: 1374.4 GB, 1374389534720 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2663050 cylinders, total 2684354560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7c4016b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 63 2147483519 1073741728+ 83 Linux
2、运行blkid <PartitionName>确认文件系统的类型。
[root@test ~]# blkid /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb1: UUID="ee04ddf2-ad0f-40bc-9b5c-984be7e19283" TYPE="ext4"
[root@test ~]# blkid /dev/vdb1 [root@test ~]#
运行以下命令确认文件系统的状态。
-
ext*文件系统:
e2fsck -n <dst_dev_part_path>
-
xfs文件系统:
xfs_repair -n <dst_dev_part_path>
[root@test~]# e2fsck -n /dev/vdb1 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) /dev/vdb1: clean, 115952/67108864 files, 140800686/268435432 blocks
三、扩展已有MBR分区
- 实例内核版本 < 3.6:先取消挂载该分区,再修改分区表,最后扩容文件系统。
- 实例内核版本 ≥ 3.6:先修改对应分区表,再通知内核更新分区表,最后扩容文件系统。
如果新增空间用于扩容已有的MBR分区,按照以下步骤在实例中完成扩容:
1、修改分区表
查看磁盘信息
[root@test~]# fdisk -lu /dev/vdb Disk /dev/vdb: 1374.4 GB, 1374389534720 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2663050 cylinders, total 2684354560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7c4016b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 63 2147483519 1073741728+ 83 Linux
查看数据盘的挂载路径,根据返回的文件路径卸载分区,直至完全卸载已挂载的分区。
[root@test ~]# mount | grep "/dev/vdb" /dev/vdb1 on /data type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) [root@test ~]# umount /dev/vdb1 [root@test ~]# mount | grep "/dev/vdb"
使用fdisk工具删除旧分区。
- 运行
fdisk -u /dev/vdb
:分区数据盘。 - 输入p:打印分区表。
- 输入d:删除分区。
- 输入p:确认分区已删除。
- 输入w:保存修改并退出。
[root@test~]# fdisk -u /dev/vdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c‘). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb: 1374.4 GB, 1374389534720 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2663050 cylinders, total 2684354560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7c4016b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 63 2147483519 1073741728+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb: 1374.4 GB, 1374389534720 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2663050 cylinders, total 2684354560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7c4016b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
使用fdisk命令新建分区。
- 运行
fdisk -u /dev/vdb
:分区数据盘。 - 输入p:打印分区表。
- 输入n:新建分区。
- 输入p:选择分区类型为主分区。
- 输入<分区号>:选择分区号。本示例选取了1。
警告 新分区的起始位置必须和旧分区的起始位置相同,结束位置必须大于旧分区的结束位置,否则会导致扩容失败。
- 输入w:保存修改并退出。
本示例中,将/dev/vdb1由1024 GiB扩容到1280 GiB。
[root@test~]# fdisk -u /dev/vdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c‘). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb: 1374.4 GB, 1374389534720 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2663050 cylinders, total 2684354560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7c4016b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): w Partition number (1-4): 1 First sector (63-2684354559, default 63): Using default value 63 Last sector, +sectors or +sizeK,M,G (63-2684354559, default 2684354559): Using default value 2684354559 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
运行lsblk /dev/vdb
确保分区表已经增加。
运行e2fsck -n /dev/vdb1
再次检查文件系统,确认扩容分区后的文件系统状态为clean。
2、通知内核更新分区表
运行partprobe <dst_dev_path>
或者partx -u <dst_dev_path>
,以通知内核数据盘的分区表已经修改,需要同步更新。
3、扩容文件系统
ext*文件系统(例如ext3和ext4):运行resize2fs /dev/vdb1
并重新挂载分区。
[root@test ~]# resize2fs /dev/vdb1 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb1 to 7864320 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vdb1 is now 7864320 blocks long. [root@test ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /data
xfs文件系统:先运行mount /dev/vdb1 /data/
命令,再运行xfs_growfs /dev/vdb1
。
[root@test ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /data/ [root@test ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vdb1 meta-data=/dev/vdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1310720 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=5242880, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 5242880 to 7864320
四、新增并格式化MBR分区
如果新增空间用于增加新的MBR分区,按照以下步骤在实例中完成扩容:
运行fdisk -u /dev/vdb
命令新建分区。
本示例中,为新增的20GiB新建分区,作为/dev/vdb2使用。
[root@test ~]# fdisk -u /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write commad. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x2b31a2a3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040): Using default value 41943040 Last sector, +sectors or +sizeK,M,G (41943040-83886079, default 83886079): Using default value 83886079 Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
运行命令lsblk /dev/vdb
查看分区。
[root@test ~]# lsblk /dev/vdb NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT vdb 253:16 0 40G 0 disk ├─vdb1 253:17 0 20G 0 part └─vdb2 253:18 0 20G 0 part
格式化新的分区。
创建ext4文件系统:mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb2
[root@test ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb2 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks 262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@test ~]# blkid /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb2: UUID="e3f336dc-d534-4fdd-****-b6ff1a55bdbb" TYPE="ext4"
创建ext3文件系统:mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb2
[root@test ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb2 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks 262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@ecshost ~]# blkid /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb2: UUID="dd5be97d-a630-4593-****-5056def914ea" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
创建xfs文件系统:mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb2
[root@test ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb2 meta-data=/dev/vdb2 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1310720 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=5242880, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@test ~]# blkid /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb2: UUID="66251477-3ae4-4b44-****-5604420dbecb" TYPE="xfs"
创建btrfs文件系统:mkfs.btrfs /dev/vdb2
[root@test ~]# mkfs.btrfs /dev/vdb2 btrfs-progs v4.9.1 See http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org for more information. Label: (null) UUID: 6fb5779b-57d7-4aaf-bf09-82b46f54a429 Node size: 16384 Sector size: 4096 Filesystem size: 20.00GiB Block group profiles: Data: single 8.00MiB Metadata: DUP 1.00GiB System: DUP 8.00MiB SSD detected: no Incompat features: extref, skinny-metadata Number of devices: 1 Devices: ID SIZE PATH 1 20.00GiB /dev/vdb2 [root@test ~]# blkid /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb2: UUID="6fb5779b-57d7-4aaf-****-82b46f54a429" UUID_SUB="9bdd889a-ab69-4653-****-d1b6b8723378" TYPE="btrfs"
运行mount /dev/vdb2 /mnt
挂载文件系统。
运行df -h
查看目前数据盘空间和使用情况。
[root@test ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda1 40G 1.6G 36G 5% / devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 460K 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vdb2 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /mnt tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
五、重点来了,如果磁盘没有分区,但是有数据怎么办,怎么办?
1、查看磁盘情况
[root@test ~]# fdisk -lu /dev/vdb Disk /dev/vdb: 1374.4 GB, 1374389534720 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2663050 cylinders, total 2684354560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@test ~]# blkid /dev/vdb /dev/vdb: UUID="c7a3bad3-c0f9-4cdc-9778-15abb90953ab" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" [root@test ~]# lsblk /dev/vdb NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT vdb 252:16 0 1.3T 0 disk
2、直接扩容
[root@test ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vdb e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/vdb: 115952/67108864 files (32.8% non-contiguous), 140800686/268435432 blocks [root@test ~]# [root@test ~]# resize2fs /dev/vdb resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb1 to 335544312 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vdb is now 335544312 blocks long.
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