LVM创建管理快照
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创建分区[root@cloud ~]# echo -e "n\n\n\n\n+10G\nt\n8e\nw\n" | fdisk /dev/sdd &> /dev/null
[root@cloud ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 4.9G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 30G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 30G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 40G 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom 创建物理卷
[root@cloud ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb,c,d1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
[root@cloud ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdd1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g创建逻辑卷
[root@cloud ~]# vgcreate vg01 -s 16M /dev/sdb,c,d1
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
[root@cloud ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg01
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 29.95 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1917
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1917 / 29.95 GiB
VG UUID d4S78Z-00S8-cnoN-2VPb-usOw-mXIn-WdEELS
[root@cloud ~]# lvcreate -n lvm01 vg01 -l 100
Logical volume "lvm01" created.
[root@cloud ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n lvm02 vg01
Logical volume "lvm02" created.
[root@cloud ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvm01 vg01 -wi-a----- 1.56g
lvm02 vg01 -wi-a----- 5.00g创建文件系统
[root@cloud ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg/lvm01
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@cloud ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg/lvm02
meta-data=/dev/vg/lvm02 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=102400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=409600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0挂载文件
[root@cloud ~]# mount /dev/vg/lvm01 /opt/lvm01
[root@cloud ~]# mount /dev/vg/lvm02 /opt/lvm02
[root@cloud ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 1.2G 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /opt/lvm01
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 1.6G 33M 1.6G 3% /opt/lvm02自动挂载
[root@cloud ~]# blkid | grep lvm01
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01: UUID="e3af4ba6-a917-4905-ae03-7e2356de6107" TYPE="ext4"
[root@cloud ~]# sed -i "11a UUID=e3af4ba6-a917-4905-ae03-7e2356de6107 /opt/lvm01 ext4 defaults 0 0" /etc/fstab
[root@cloud ~]# mount -a
[root@cloud ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 1.2G 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01 2.9G 2.9G 0 100% /opt/lvm01
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 3.0G 3.0G 20K 100% /opt/lvm02在线扩容
[root@cloud ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvm01 vg -wi-ao---- 5.00g
lvm02 vg -wi-ao---- 1.56g
[root@cloud ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/vg/lvm01
Size of logical volume vg/lvm01 changed from 5.00 GiB (320 extents) to 6.00 GiB (384 extents).
Logical volume vg/lvm01 successfully resized.
[root@cloud ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvm01 vg -wi-ao---- 6.00g
lvm02 vg -wi-ao---- 1.56g
[root@cloud ~]# df -h 容量没有增加到
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 1.2G 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /opt/lvm01
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 1.6G 33M 1.6G 3% /opt/lvm02
[root@cloud ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg/lvm01 #调整ext文件系统的大小
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/vg/lvm01 is mounted on /opt/lvm01; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
The filesystem on /dev/vg/lvm01 is now 1572864 blocks long.
[root@cloud ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 1.2G 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01 5.8G 20M 5.5G 1% /opt/lvm01
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 1.6G 33M 1.6G 3% /opt/lvm02
[root@cloud ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/vg/lvm02
Size of logical volume vg/lvm02 changed from 1.56 GiB (100 extents) to 2.56 GiB (164 extents).
Logical volume vg/lvm02 successfully resized.
[root@cloud ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg/lvm02 调整xfs文件系统的大小
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=102400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=409600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 409600 to 671744
[root@cloud ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 1.2G 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01 5.8G 20M 5.5G 1% /opt/lvm01
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 2.6G 33M 2.6G 2% /opt/lvm02
或者
lvextend -L +1G -r /dev/vg/lvm01 #加了-r自动调整文件系统大小压缩逻辑卷(危险) xfs不能压缩
[root@cloud ~]# umount /opt/lvm01
[root@cloud ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg/lvm01
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg/lvm01: 11/393216 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 63598/1572864 blocks
[root@cloud ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg/lvm01 3G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg/lvm01 to 786432 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg/lvm01 is now 786432 blocks long.
[root@cloud ~]# mount /dev/vg/lvm01 /opt/lvm01
[root@cloud ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 1.2G 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 94M 53% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm02 3.0G 33M 3.0G 2% /opt/lvm02
/dev/mapper/vg-lvm01 2.9G 18M 2.7G 1% /opt/lvm01速度比较
[root@cloud ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/f1 bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.76954 s, 388 MB/s
[root@cloud ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/lvm02/f1 bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.611213 s, 1.8 GB/s卷组扩展
[root@cloud lvm02]# vgextend vg /dev/sdc1
Volume group "vg" successfully extended
[root@cloud lvm02]# vgextend vg /dev/sdd1
Volume group "vg" successfully extended
[root@cloud lvm02]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 24
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 29.95 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1917
Alloc PE / Size 608 / 9.50 GiB
Free PE / Size 1309 / 20.45 GiB
VG UUID CSCN9I-Y7q9-KoN9-xiWK-htU6-XOd4-M2JjEe卷组压缩
情况一：没有数据
[root@cloud ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 63
Allocated PE 576
PV UUID 5IwieR-HXxC-6txr-hUOo-zSUE-vela-Rg5ZSJ
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 639
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 7nleyP-4EUB-7FME-2sDo-75Fr-YPfV-3wp9vM
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdd1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 639
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID EcEfTe-Eaxq-X8GU-qiXe-3YuS-gxwI-ln6Clb
[root@cloud ~]# vgreduce vg /dev/sdd1
Removed "/dev/sdd1" from volume group "vg"
[root@cloud ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdd1
"/dev/sdd1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdd1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID EcEfTe-Eaxq-X8GU-qiXe-3YuS-gxwI-ln6Clb
[root@cloud ~]# pvremove /dev/sdd1
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully wiped.
[root@cloud ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 63
Allocated PE 576
PV UUID 5IwieR-HXxC-6txr-hUOo-zSUE-vela-Rg5ZSJ
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 639
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 7nleyP-4EUB-7FME-2sDo-75Fr-YPfV-3wp9vM
[root@cloud ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 576 / 9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 702 / <10.97 GiB
VG UUID CSCN9I-Y7q9-KoN9-xiWK-htU6-XOd4-M2JjEe
情况二：有数据，但是硬盘快坏了
[root@cloud lvm02]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 607
Allocated PE 32
PV UUID 5IwieR-HXxC-6txr-hUOo-zSUE-vela-Rg5ZSJ
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 63
Allocated PE 576
PV UUID 7nleyP-4EUB-7FME-2sDo-75Fr-YPfV-3wp9vM
[root@cloud lvm02]# pvmove /dev/sdc1
/dev/sdc1: Moved: 0.00%
/dev/sdc1: Moved: 66.67%
/dev/sdc1: Moved: 100.00%
[root@cloud lvm02]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 31
Allocated PE 608
PV UUID 5IwieR-HXxC-6txr-hUOo-zSUE-vela-Rg5ZSJ
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name vg
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Free PE 639
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 7nleyP-4EUB-7FME-2sDo-75Fr-YPfV-3wp9vM
[root@cloud lvm02]# vgreduce vg /dev/sdc1
Removed "/dev/sdc1" from volume group "vg"
[root@cloud lvm02]# pvremove /dev/sdc1
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped.
[root@cloud lvm02]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 22
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 9.98 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Alloc PE / Size 608 / 9.50 GiB
Free PE / Size 31 / 496.00 MiB
VG UUID CSCN9I-Y7q9-KoN9-xiWK-htU6-XOd4-M2JjEelvm创建快照
[root@cloud lvm02]# ll /opt/lvm02
total 3102540
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1073741824 Aug 21 00:18 f1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1073741824 Aug 21 00:19 f2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1029517312 Aug 21 00:19 f3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 21 00:19 f4
[root@cloud lvm02]# lvcreate -n lvm_snap02 -L 1.5G -s /
[root@cloud lvm02]# lvcreate -n lvm_snap02 -L 1.5G -s /dev/vg/lvm02
Logical volume "lvm_snap02" created.
[root@cloud lvm02]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvm01 vg -wi-ao---- 6.00g
lvm02 vg owi-aos--- 3.00g
lvm03 vg -wi-a----- 512.00m
lvm_snap02 vg swi-a-s--- 1.50g lvm02 0.00
[root@cloud lvm02]# \rm f1
[root@cloud lvm02]# > f2
[root@cloud lvm02]# ll
total 1005388
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 21 00:48 f2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1029517312 Aug 21 00:19 f3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 21 00:19 f4
[root@cloud ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/vg/lvm_snap02
Merging of volume vg/lvm_snap02 started.
vg/lvm02: Merged: 99.87%
vg/lvm02: Merged: 100.00%
[root@cloud ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvm01 vg -wi-ao---- 6.00g
lvm02 vg -wi-ao---- 3.00g
lvm03 vg -wi-a----- 512.00m
[root@cloud ~]# mount /dev/vg/lvm02 /opt/lvm02
[root@cloud ~]# ll /opt/lvm02
total 3102540
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1073741824 Aug 21 00:18 f1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1073741824 Aug 21 00:19 f2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1029517312 Aug 21 00:19 f3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 21 00:19 f4以上是关于LVM创建管理快照的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章