SpringBoot内置tomcat启动原理

Posted 2022-08-07 sword-successful

前言

? ? ? ? ?不得不说SpringBoot的开发者是在为大众程序猿谋福利，把大家都惯成了懒汉，xml不配置了，连tomcat也懒的配置了，典型的一键启动系统，那么tomcat在springboot是怎么启动的呢？?

内置tomcat

? ? ? ? ?开发阶段对我们来说使用内置的tomcat是非常够用了，当然也可以使用jetty。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringbootTomcatStarter
    public static void main(String[] args) 
        Long time=System.currentTimeMillis();
        SpringApplication.run(MySpringbootTomcatStarter.class);
        System.out.println("===应用启动耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)+"===");
    

? ? ? ? 这里是main函数入口，两句代码最耀眼，分别是SpringBootApplication注解和SpringApplication.run()方法。

发布生产

? ? ?发布的时候，目前大多数的做法还是排除内置的tomcat，打瓦包（war）然后部署在生产的tomcat中，好吧，那打包的时候应该怎么处理？

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <!-- 移除嵌入式tomcat插件 -->
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--添加servlet-api依赖--->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

? ? ? ?更新main函数，主要是继承SpringBootServletInitializer，并重写configure()方法。

@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringbootTomcatStarter extends SpringBootServletInitializer 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
        Long time=System.currentTimeMillis();
        SpringApplication.run(MySpringbootTomcatStarter.class);
        System.out.println("===应用启动耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)+"===");
    

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) 
        return builder.sources(this.getClass());
    

从main函数说起

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) 
    return run(new Class[]primarySource, args);


--这里run方法返回的是ConfigurableApplicationContext
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) 
    return (new SpringApplication(primarySources)).run(args);

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) 
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
    this.configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();

    Collection exceptionReporters;
    try 
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
        this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
        
        //打印banner，这里你可以自己涂鸦一下，换成自己项目的logo
        Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
        
        //创建应用上下文
        context = this.createApplicationContext();
        exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]ConfigurableApplicationContext.class, context);

        //预处理上下文
        this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
        
        //刷新上下文
        this.refreshContext(context);
        
        //再刷新上下文
        this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        
        listeners.started(context);
        this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
     catch (Throwable var10) 
        
    

    try 
        listeners.running(context);
        return context;
     catch (Throwable var9) 
        
    

? ? ? ? 既然我们想知道tomcat在SpringBoot中是怎么启动的，那么run方法中，重点关注创建应用上下文（createApplicationContext）和刷新上下文（refreshContext）。??

创建上下文

//创建上下文
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() 
    Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
    if (contextClass == null) 
        try 
            switch(this.webApplicationType) 
                case SERVLET:
                    //创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
                    contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext");
                    break;
                case REACTIVE:
                    contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.context.AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext");
                    break;
                default:
                    contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext");
            
         catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) 
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", var3);
        
    

    return (ConfigurableApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);

这里会创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类。
而AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类继承了ServletWebServerApplicationContext，而这个类是最终集成了AbstractApplicationContext。

刷新上下文

//SpringApplication.java
//刷新上下文
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) 
    this.refresh(context);
    if (this.registerShutdownHook) 
        try 
            context.registerShutdownHook();
         catch (AccessControlException var3) 
        
    


//这里直接调用最终父类AbstractApplicationContext.refresh()方法
protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) 
    ((AbstractApplicationContext)applicationContext).refresh();

//AbstractApplicationContext.java
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException 
    synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) 
        this.prepareRefresh();
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();
        this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try 
            this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
            this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
            this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
            this.initMessageSource();
            this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();
            //调用各个子类的onRefresh()方法，也就说这里要回到子类：ServletWebServerApplicationContext，调用该类的onRefresh()方法
            this.onRefresh();
            this.registerListeners();
            this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
            this.finishRefresh();
         catch (BeansException var9) 
            this.destroyBeans();
            this.cancelRefresh(var9);
            throw var9;
         finally 
            this.resetCommonCaches();
        

    

//ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java
//在这个方法里看到了熟悉的面孔，this.createWebServer，神秘的面纱就要揭开了。
protected void onRefresh() 
    super.onRefresh();
    try 
        this.createWebServer();
     catch (Throwable var2) 
        
    


//ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java
//这里是创建webServer，但是还没有启动tomcat，这里是通过ServletWebServerFactory创建，那么接着看下ServletWebServerFactory
private void createWebServer() 
    WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
    ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
    if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) 
        ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();
        this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]this.getSelfInitializer());
     else if (servletContext != null) 
        try 
            this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
         catch (ServletException var4) 
        
        
    

    this.initPropertySources();


//接口
public interface ServletWebServerFactory 
    WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers);


//实现
AbstractServletWebServerFactory
JettyServletWebServerFactory
TomcatServletWebServerFactory
UndertowServletWebServerFactory

?这里ServletWebServerFactory接口有4个实现类

而其中我们常用的有两个：TomcatServletWebServerFactory和JettyServletWebServerFactory。

//TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java
//这里我们使用的tomcat，所以我们查看TomcatServletWebServerFactory。到这里总算是看到了tomcat的踪迹。
@Override
public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) 
    Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
    tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
    //创建Connector对象
    Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
    tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
    customizeConnector(connector);
    tomcat.setConnector(connector);
    tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
    configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
    for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) 
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
    
    prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);


protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) 
    return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0);


//Tomcat.java
//返回Engine容器，看到这里，如果熟悉tomcat源码的话，对engine不会感到陌生。
public Engine getEngine() 
    Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
    if (service.getContainer() != null) 
        return service.getContainer();
    
    Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
    engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
    engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
    engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
    service.setContainer(engine);
    return engine;

//Engine是最高级别容器，Host是Engine的子容器，Context是Host的子容器，Wrapper是Context的子容器

? ? ? ? ? ?getWebServer这个方法创建了Tomcat对象，并且做了两件重要的事情：把Connector对象添加到tomcat中，configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
? ? ? ? ? ?getWebServer方法返回的是TomcatWebServer。

//TomcatWebServer.java
//这里调用构造函数实例化TomcatWebServer
public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) 
    Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
    this.tomcat = tomcat;
    this.autoStart = autoStart;
    initialize();


private void initialize() throws WebServerException 
    //在控制台会看到这句日志
    logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
    synchronized (this.monitor) 
        try 
            addInstanceIdToEngineName();

            Context context = findContext();
            context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> 
                if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) 
                    removeServiceConnectors();
                
            );

            //===启动tomcat服务===
            this.tomcat.start();

            rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();

            try 
                ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());
            
            catch (NamingException ex) 
                
            
            
            //开启阻塞非守护进程
            startDaemonAwaitThread();
        
        catch (Exception ex) 
            stopSilently();
            destroySilently();
            throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
        
    

//Tomcat.java
public void start() throws LifecycleException 
    getServer();
    server.start();

//这里server.start又会回到TomcatWebServer的
public void stop() throws LifecycleException 
    getServer();
    server.stop();

//TomcatWebServer.java
//启动tomcat服务
@Override
public void start() throws WebServerException 
    synchronized (this.monitor) 
        if (this.started) 
            return;
        
        try 
            addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors();
            Connector connector = this.tomcat.getConnector();
            if (connector != null && this.autoStart) 
                performDeferredLoadOnStartup();
            
            checkThatConnectorsHaveStarted();
            this.started = true;
            //在控制台打印这句日志，如果在yml设置了上下文，这里会打印
            logger.info("Tomcat started on port(s): " + getPortsDescription(true) + " with context path '"
                    + getContextPath() + "'");
        
        catch (ConnectorStartFailedException ex) 
            stopSilently();
            throw ex;
        
        catch (Exception ex) 
            throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat server", ex);
        
        finally 
            Context context = findContext();
            ContextBindings.unbindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());
        
    


//关闭tomcat服务
@Override
public void stop() throws WebServerException 
    synchronized (this.monitor) 
        boolean wasStarted = this.started;
        try 
            this.started = false;
            try 
                stopTomcat();
                this.tomcat.destroy();
            
            catch (LifecycleException ex) 
                
            
        
        catch (Exception ex) 
            throw new WebServerException("Unable to stop embedded Tomcat", ex);
        
        finally 
            if (wasStarted) 
                containerCounter.decrementAndGet();
            
        
    

?

附：tomcat顶层结构图

? ? ? tomcat最顶层容器是Server，代表着整个服务器，一个Server包含多个Service。从上图可以看除Service主要包括多个Connector和一个Container。Connector用来处理连接相关的事情，并提供Socket到Request和Response相关转化。Container用于封装和管理Servlet，以及处理具体的Request请求。那么上文提到的Engine>Host>Context>Wrapper容器又是怎么回事呢？ 我们来看下图：

? ? ? 综上所述，一个tomcat只包含一个Server，一个Server可以包含多个Service，一个Service只有一个Container，但有多个Connector，这样一个服务可以处理多个连接。
? ? ? 多个Connector和一个Container就形成了一个Service，有了Service就可以对外提供服务了，但是Service要提供服务又必须提供一个宿主环境，那就非Server莫属了，所以整个tomcat的声明周期都由Server控制。

总结

? ?SpringBoot的启动主要是通过实例化SpringApplication来启动的，启动过程主要做了以下几件事情：配置属性、获取监听器，发布应用开始启动事件初、始化输入参数、配置环境，输出banner、创建上下文、预处理上下文、刷新上下文、再刷新上下文、发布应用已经启动事件、发布应用启动完成事件。在SpringBoot中启动tomcat的工作在刷新上下这一步。而tomcat的启动主要是实例化两个组件：Connector、Container，一个tomcat实例就是一个Server，一个Server包含多个Service，也就是多个应用程序，每个Service包含多个Connector和一个Container，而一个Container下又包含多个子容器。