数据库集群
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分布式mysql 部署方案
解决方案
描述
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1. 启动mysql主从备份 2. 通过使用Mycat中间件做分表以及路由 3. 使用haproxy代理MyCat做负载均衡 4. keepalived保证haproxy的高可用性,解决单点故障。 |
结构图
系统环境">系统环境
| system | ip | user | cpu | memory |
| ————- |:————-:| —–:|————- |:————-:| —–:|8G|
| centos7 | 192.168.100.95 | root |cpu: Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU G3220 @ 3.00GHz 双核|8G|
| centos7 | 192.168.100.96 | root |cpu: Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU G3220 @ 3.00GHz 双核|8G|
| centos7 | 192.168.100.97 | root |cpu: Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU G3220 @ 3.00GHz 双核|8G|
mysql主从备份
修改配置文件(my.conf)
主库配置
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Server-id = 1 #这是数据库ID,此ID是唯一的,主库默认为1,其他从库以此ID进行递增,ID值不能重复,否则会同步出错; log-bin = mysql-bin 二进制日志文件,此项为必填项,否则不能同步数据; binlog-do-db = dbTest1 #需要同步的数据库,如果需要同步多个数据库; 则继续添加此项。 binlog-do-db = dbTest2 binlog- ignore -db = mysql 不需要同步的数据库; |
从库配置
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log_bin = mysql-bin server_id = 2 relay_log = mysql-relay-bin log_slave_updates = 1 read_only = 1 user = mysql |
重启数据库
为master数据库添加访问权限
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create user repl; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘repl‘ @ ‘192.168.100.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234‘ ; #访问权限添加 SHOW MASTER STATUS; #显示主节点状态 |
slave 备份配置
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change master to master_host= ‘192.168.100.96‘ , #master的host master_port=3306, #端口 master_user= ‘repl‘ , #用户 master_password= ‘1234‘ , #密码 master_log_file= ‘mysql-bin.000001‘ , #日志文件名 master_log_pos=3204; #开始位置将从这个位置开始备份 SHOW SLAVE STATUS; #查看slave状态 START SLAVE; #开启备份 STOP SLAVE; #停止备份 注意: 在开启备份后<show slave= "" status= "" >会看到: Slave_IO_Runing=Yes Slave_SQL_Runing=Yes 说明备份启动成功。</show> |
MyCat中间件搭建
下载地址
https://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz
配置文件
server.xml
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<! --?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--> <system> <property name = "serverPort" >8066</property> <property name = "bindIp" >192.168.100.96</property> <property name = "managerPort" >9066</property> <property name = "systemReserveMemorySize" >384m</property> <property name = "defaultSqlParser" >druidparser</property> </system> < user name = "admin" > <property name = "password" >mypass</property> <property name = "schemas" >dbTest</property> <! -- 表级 DML 权限设置 --> <! -- < privileges check = "false" > < schema name = "TESTDB" dml= "0110" > < table name = "tb01" dml= "0000" ></ table > < table name = "tb02" dml= "1111" ></ table > </ schema > </ privileges > --> </ user > <! --<user name="admin"> <property name = "password" >mypass</property> <property name = "schemas" >db</property> <property name = "readOnly" > false </property> </ user > --> </mycat:server> 说明: 1. 结合文档很容易知道配置含义,不在说明。 2. 主要是对外用户配置,以及管理端口,服务端口配置,和其它一些配置。 |
schema.xml
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<! --?xml version="1.0"?--> < schema checksqlschema= "true" name = "dbTest" sqlmaxlimit= "100" > <! -- auto sharding by id (long) --><table datanode="dn1,dn2" name="t_user" primarykey="id" rule="rule1"><tbody><tr><td> <! -- global table is auto cloned to all defined data nodes ,so can join with any table whose sharding node is in the same data node --></td></tr></tbody></table><datanode database="dbTest1" datahost="localhost1" name="dn1"> <datanode database = "dbTest2" datahost= "localhost1" name = "dn2" > <datahost balance= "0" dbdriver= "native" dbtype= "mysql" maxcon= "1000" mincon= "10" name = "localhost1" slavethreshold= "100" switchtype= "1" writetype= "0" > <heartbeat>show status like ‘wsrep%‘ </heartbeat> <! -- can have multi write hosts --> <writehost host= "hostM1" password = "mypass" url= "192.168.100.96:3306" user = "admin" > <! -- can have multi read hosts --> <readhost host= "hostS2" password = "mypass" url= "192.168.100.97:3306" user = "admin" > </readhost></writehost> <! -- <writeHost host="hostM2" url="localhost:3316" user="root" password="123456"/> --> </datahost> 说明: 1. 数据库对应表分表配置,其中 rule 对应 rule .xml中分表的类型。 2. datanode 所分的数据库名字以及datahost名字。 3. datahost 连接配置,主数据库配置,以及从数据库配置。<h4 id= "rulexml" > rule .xml</h4><pre class= "brush:sql;" ><! --?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--> <tablerule name = "rule1" > < rule > <columns>id</columns> func1</algorithm> </ rule > </tablerule> < function class= "io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong" name = "func1" > <property name = "partitionCount" >8</property> <property name = "partitionLength" >128</property> </ function > </mycat: rule > 说明: 1. 默认分表规则有很多种,可以酌情选择使用。</pre> <h3 id= "启动" >启动</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >1. ./bin/mycat start #启动mycat 2. tail -n1000 -f ./logs/wrapper.log #查看启动日志 3. tail -n1000 -f ./logs/mycat.log #查看mycat.log服务日志</pre> <h2 id= "haproxy-负载代理" >haproxy 负载代理</h2> <h3 id= "下载地址-1" >下载地址</h3> <h3 id= "参考文档" >参考文档</h3> <h3 id= "安装" >安装</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" > uname -a //查看Linux内核版本, TARGET是内核版本,2.6就写作26 make TARGET=linux26 PREFIX=/usr/ local /haproxy make install PREFIX=/usr/ local /haproxy </pre> <h3 id= "配置" >配置</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" > 1. mkdir /etc/haproxy/conf 2. vim /etc/haproxy/conf/haproxy.cfg global log 127.0.0.1 local0 ##记日志的功能 maxconn 4096 chroot /usr/ local /haproxy user haproxy group haproxy daemon ########默认配置############ defaults log global mode tcp #默认的模式mode tcp|http|health ,tcp是4层,http是7层,health只会返回OK retries 3 #两次连接失败就认为是服务器不可用,也可以通过后面设置 option redispatch #当serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器 option abortonclose #当服务器负载很高的时候,自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的链接 maxconn 32000 #默认的最大连接数 timeout connect 5000ms #连接超时 timeout client 30000ms #客户端超时 timeout server 30000ms #服务器超时 timeout check 2000 #心跳检测超时 #log 127.0.0.1 local0 err #[err warning info debug] ########test1配置################# listen mycat_1 bind 0.0.0.0:8076 mode tcp balance roundrobin server s1 192.168.100.95:8066 weight 1 maxconn 10000 check inter 10s server s2 192.168.100.96:8066 weight 1 maxconn 10000 check inter 10s listen mycat_1_manage bind 0.0.0.0:9076 mode tcp balance roundrobin server s1 192.168.100.95:9066 weight 1 maxconn 10000 check inter 10s server s2 192.168.100.96:9066 weight 1 maxconn 10000 check inter 10s</pre> <p>### 启动<br> <br> /usr/ local /haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /usr/ local /haproxy/haproxy.cfg</p> <h2 id= "keepalived-解决单点故障" >keepalived 解决单点故障</h2> <h3 id= "下载地址-2" >下载地址</h3> <h3 id= "文档-1" >文档</h3> <h3 id= "安装-1" >安装</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >./configure && make</pre> <h3 id= "配置-1" >配置</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >1. mkdir -p /usr/ local /etc/keepalived/ 2. vim /usr/ local /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf global_defs router_id NodeB
vrrp_instance VI_1 state BACKUP #设置为主服务器 interface enp3s0 #监测网络接口 virtual_router_id 51 #主、备必须一样 priority 90 #(主、备机取不同的优先级,主机值较大,备份机值较小,值越大优先级越高) advert_int 1 #VRRP Multicast广播周期秒数 authentication auth_type PASS #VRRP认证方式,主备必须一致 auth_pass 1111 #(密码)
virtual_ipaddress 192.168.200.100/24 #VRRP HA虚拟地址
</pre> <h3 id= "启动-1" >启动</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >./bin/keepalived -D -f /usr/ local /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf</pre> <h2 id= "mycat-eye-监控web" >mycat-eye 监控web</h2> <h3 id= "下载地址-3" >下载地址</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >https://dl.mycat.io/mycat-web-1.0/Mycat-web-1.0-SNAPSHOT-20170102153329-linux.tar.gz</pre> <h3 id= "安装zookeeper" >安装zookeeper</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >docker run -d \ -e MYID=1 \ --name=zookeeper --net=host --restart=always sdvdxl/zookeeper</pre> <h3 id= "配置-2" >配置</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >修改zookeeper地址: 1. cd /mycat-web/WEB-INF/classes 2. vim mycat.properties 3. zookeeper=127.0.0.1:2181 </pre> <h3 id= "启动-2" >启动</h3> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >1. cd /mycat-web/ 2. ./start.sh & </pre> <h2 id= "实验环境整体结构图" >实验环境整体结构图</h2> <p><img alt= "这里写图片描述" src= "/uploadfile/Collfiles/20170818/20170818103343280.jpg" title= "\" style=" width: 630px; height: 311.85px; "></p> <h2 id=" 补充 ">补充</h2> <h3 id=" mycat-密码明文加密 ">MyCat 密码明文加密</h3> <pre class=" brush:sql; "> 1. java -cp Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE.jar io.mycat.util.DecryptUtil 1:userB:root:321 2. 修改配置 <property name=" usingDecrypt ">1</property> #使用加密 说明: 1. 0 为对外提供密码加密,1.是后端也就是数据库连接密码加密 2. userB 用户名 3. 321 明文密码</pre> </datanode></datanode> <table datanode=" dn1,dn2 " name=" t_company " primarykey=" id " rule=" rule1 " type=" global "><!-- <dataNode name=" dn1$0-743 " dataHost=" localhost1 " database=" db$0-743" /> --></table> </ schema ></mycat: schema > |
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