Unix Shell范例精解---AWK练习(上)

Posted 2022-06-15

Unix Shell范例精解第六章---AWK实用程序中有六个练习题，从简单到复杂，目前做了前面3道题目，后面的3题感觉做起来很吃力，关于循环、数组、函数的题目，不知道要怎么做。

AWK练习1：练习1主要练习的是模式为正则表达式的操作，有些题目可以用书里后面讲解的内容解答

[kevin.tao@cws76 Ex_6.001-6.054]$ cat lab3.data 
Mike Harrington:[phone]:250:100:175
Christian Dobbins:[phone]:155:90:201
Susan Dalsass:[phone]:250:60:50 
Archie McNichol:[phone]:250:100:175 
Jody Savage:[phone]:15:188:150 
Guy Quigley:[phone]:250:100:175 
Dan Savage:[phone]:450:300:275 
Nancy McNeil:[phone]:250:80:75 
John Goldenrod:[phone]:250:100:175 
Chet Main:[phone]:50:95:135 
Tom Savage:[phone]:250:168:200 
Elizabeth Stachelin:[phone]:175:75:300 

该数据库包含姓名、电话号码、以及在最近3个月中的竞选捐款数额

1.打印所有的电话号码
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘print $3,$4 ‘ lab3.data      #设置字段分隔符为冒号和空格

2.打印Dan的电话号码
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘/^Dan/print $3 $4 ‘ lab3.data            #模式匹配Dan加上相应的动作

3.打印Susan的姓名和电话号码
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘/^Susan/print $1,$2, $3 $4 ‘ lab3.data

4.打印所有姓以D开头的姓氏
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$2~/^D/print $2‘ lab3.data                #$x ~ /xxx/这种方式很常用

5.打印所有以C或E开头的名字
awk ‘/^[CE]/print $1‘ lab3.data

6.打印所有只包含4个字符的名字
awk ‘/^....\>/print $1‘ lab3.data                 #这种虽然结果是对的，但是不严谨                                       
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$1~/^[a-zA-Z]4$/print $1‘ lab3.data      
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘if(length($1)==4)print $1‘ lab3.data      

7.打印所有区号为916的人的名字
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$3=="(916)"print $1‘ lab3.data 
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$3~/916/print $1‘ lab3.data

8.打印Mike的资助金额，每一个值要使用美元符号开头，例如“$250$100$175”
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘/^Mike/print "$"$5"$"$6"$"$7‘ lab3.data 
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$1~/Mike$/print "$"$5"$"$6"$"$7‘ lab3.data

9.打印所有姓，后面跟着一个逗号和名
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘print $2","$1‘ lab3.data

10.编写一个名为facts的脚本，并完成下面的工作：
a.打印所有姓氏为Savage的人的全名和电话号码
b.打印Chet的资助金额
c.打印所有在第一个月资助了250美元的人

脚本内容：
#/usr/bin/awk
#打印所有姓氏为Savage的人的全名和电话号码
$2~/Savage$/print $1,$2,$3,$4
#打印Chet的资助金额
$1~/Chet$/print $5,$6,$7
#打印所有第一个月资助250美元的人
$5~/250$/print $1,$2
#执行脚本时要改变FS的值

AWK 练习2 ：主要练习模式为比较表达式、关系运算符...等操作

[kevin.tao@cws76 Ex_6.055-6.089]$ cat lab4.data 
Mike Harrington:[phone]:250:100:175
Christian Dobbins:[phone]:155:90:201
Susan Dalsass:[phone]:250:60:50 
Archie McNichol:[phone]:250:100:175 
Jody Savage:[phone]:15:188:150 
Guy Quigley:[phone]:250:100:175 
Dan Savage:[phone]:450:300:275 
Nancy McNeil:[phone]:250:80:75 
John Goldenrod:[phone]:250:100:175 
Chet Main:[phone]:50:95:135 
Tom Savage:[phone]:250:168:200 
Elizabeth Stachelin:[phone]:175:75:300

该数据库包含姓名、电话号码、以及在最近3个月中的竞选捐款数额

1.打印在第二个月捐款超过100美元的人的姓名和电话号码
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$6>100print $1,$2,$3 $4‘ lab4.data

2.打印在最后一个月捐款少于85美元的人的姓名和电话号码
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$7<85print $1,$2,$3 $4‘ lab4.data 

3.打印第一个月捐款额在75-150美元之间的人
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$5>75 && $5<150print $1,$2‘ lab4.data 

4.打印这三个月的捐款总额不超过800美元的人
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘($5+$6+47)<800print $1,$2‘ lab4.data 
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘if(($5+$6+$7)<800)print $1,$2‘ lab4.data 

5.打印月均捐款额大于200美元的人的姓名和电话号码
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘($5+$6+$7)/3>200print $1,$2,$3 $4‘ lab4.data 
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘if(($5+$6+$7)/3>200)print $1,$2,$3 $4‘ lab4.data

6.打印不在916区的人的姓
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘!($3=="(916)")print $2‘ lab4.data 

7.打印每条记录，并在记录前加上记录号
awk ‘print NR,$0‘ lab4.data

8.打印每个人的姓名和捐款总额
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘print $1,$2,$5+$6+$7‘ lab4.data

9.把Chet第二个月的捐款额加上10
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘/^\<Chet\>/print $6+10‘ lab4.data 
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘/^\<Chet\>/$6=$6+10;print‘ lab4.data 

10.把Nancy McNeil的名字改成Louise McInnes
awk -F ‘[: ]‘ ‘$1=="Nancy" && $2=="McNeil"$1="Louise";$2="McInnes";print $1,$2 ‘ lab4.data

AWK练习3 :主要练习变量，格式控制、BEGIN END 等操作

[kevin.tao@cws76 Ex_6.090-6.126]$ cat lab5.data 
Mike Harrington:[phone]:250:100:175
Christian Dobbins:[phone]:155:90:201
Susan Dalsass:[phone]:250:60:50 
Archie McNichol:[phone]:250:100:175 
Jody Savage:[phone]:15:188:150 
Guy Quigley:[phone]:250:100:175 
Dan Savage:[phone]:450:300:275 
Nancy McNeil:[phone]:250:80:75 
John Goldenrod:[phone]:250:100:175 
Chet Main:[phone]:50:95:135 
Tom Savage:[phone]:250:168:200 
Elizabeth Stachelin:[phone]:175:75:300 

上面这个数据库记录内容包括姓名、电话号码和最近3个月得竞选捐款数额
试编写一个能产生如下输出的nawk脚本:

[kevin.tao@cws76 Ex_6.090-6.126]$ awk -f nawk.sc lab5.data 
       ***CAMPAIGN 1998 CONTRIBUTIONS***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME                   PHONE                Jan|     Feb |     Mar  |     Total Donated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mike Harrington      [phone]    250.00  100.00  175.00   525.00
Christian Dobbins   [phone]    155.00   90.00  201.00   446.00
Susan Dalsass        [phone]    250.00   60.00   50.00   360.00
Archie McNichol      [phone]    250.00  100.00  175.00   525.00
Jody Savage            [phone]     15.00  188.00  150.00   353.00
Guy Quigley             [phone]    250.00  100.00  175.00   525.00
Dan Savage             [phone]    450.00  300.00  275.00  1025.00
Nancy McNeil          [phone]    250.00   80.00   75.00   405.00
John Goldenrod       [phone]    250.00  100.00  175.00   525.00
Chet Main                 [phone]     50.00   95.00  135.00   280.00
Tom Savage             [phone]    250.00  168.00  200.00   618.00
Elizabeth Stachelin  [phone]    175.00   75.00  300.00   550.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            SUMMARY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The campaign received a total of 6137.00 for this quarter.           #所有人的捐款总和
The average donation for the 12 contribuors was $511.42.         #平均每人捐款多少
The highest contribution was $450.00.                                            #单月最大捐款 
The lowest contribution was $15.00.                                               #单月最低捐款

书本里面字段之间是对齐的，写的脚本输出的格式没有很整齐，脚本内容如下：

[kevin.tao@cws76 Ex_6.090-6.126]$ cat nawk.sc 
#/usr/bin/awk
BEGIN  FS=":"
    printf "%40s\n","***CAMPAIGN 1998 CONTRIBUTIONS***"
    print "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
    printf "%-22s %-16s %7s| %7s | %7s | %8s","NAME","PHONE", "Jan", "Feb","Mar","Total Donated\n"
    print "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
    total=0;sum=0;lc=0;highest=0;lowest



total=$3+$4+$5;sum=sum+total;lc=lc+1
highest=(highest > $3)? highest : $3
highest=(highest > $4)? highest : $4
highest=(highest > $5)? highest : $5
lowest=(lowest==0 || lowest > $3)? $3 : lowest
lowest=(lowest < $4)? lowest : $4
lowest=(lowest < $5)? lowest : $5
printf "%-22s %-16s %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %8.2f\n",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,total


END 
    printf "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
    printf "\t\t\tSUMMARY\n"
    printf "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
    printf "The campaign received a total of %7.2f for this quarter.\n",sum
    printf "The average donation for the 12 contribuors was $%.2f.\n",sum/lc       #或者用sum/NR、sum/12
    printf "The highest contribution was $%.2f.\n",highest
    printf "The lowest contribution was $%.2f.\n",lowest

#total变量用于记录每个人3个月捐款总数，sum变量用来记录所有人的捐款总和，lc变量用来记录记录数目(sum/lc和sum/NR都等于sum/12 )，highest和lowest变量用来处理最大值和最小值。

总结：感觉awk学起来很困难，内容很多，书中后面的练习也做不出来，需要用到数组、函数、循环之类的功能，感觉awk脚本比bash脚本要难写。