Centos系统Python环境搭建和项目部署

Posted 2022-06-07 xuwei1

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一、Python

1. 源安装 Python3

# 开发者工具
$ sudo yum -y install yum-utils
$ sudo yum-builddep python

# 下载解压
$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
$ tar -zxf Python-3.6.8.tgz
$ cd Python-3.6.8/

# 编译安装
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ python3 --version

# 设置默认版本
$ alias python='/usr/local/bin/python3.6'

2. SCL安装 Python3

# 1. 激活SCL
$ sudo yum install centos-release-scl

# 2.安装python3
$ sudo yum install rh-python36

# 3.使用python3

$ python --version
Python 2.7.5

$ scl enable rh-python36 bash
$ python --version
Python 3.6.3

# 4. 安装开发工具
$ sudo yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

注意：

此处设定python3版本，如果重新打开会话，会恢复默认的python2.7

设置默认

$ scl enable python36 <command> 
$ scl enable python36 bash

3. 虚拟环境venv

$ mkdir myapp
$ cd myapp
$ scl enable rh-python36 bash
$ python -m venv env
$ source env/bin/activate
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$

4. 安装Flask

hello.py

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello World!'

(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$pip install --upgrade pip
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$pip install Flask
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ export FLASK_APP=hello
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ flask run
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ deactivate

5. 安装gunicorn

(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ pip3 install gunicorn
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos myapp]# gunicorn hello:app

二、安装nginx

1. 安装Nginx

# 1. 安装Nginx
yum -y install nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl status nginx

# 2. 释放端口防火墙HTTP (`80`) and HTTPS (`443`) ports.

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# 3. 浏览器`http://YOUR_IP`

2. 重要指令

# 开启服务
sudo systemctl start nginx·#无输出
sudo service start nginx    #发行版命令

# 开机启动
sudo systemctl enable nginx 

# 关闭服务
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo service stop nginx

# 重启
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo service restart nginx

# 重新加载

更改 Nginx 的配置时,都需要重新加载或重新启动 Nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo service reload nginx

# 测试语法错误

sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

# 查看nginx状态

sudo systemctl status nginx

# 查看nginx版本
sudo nginx -v

# 输出 Nginx 版本以及配置选项
sudo nginx -V

指令小结：

sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo systemctl disable nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

三、设置 Nginx server

1. 创建目录结构

/var/www/
├── example.com
│   └── public_html
├── example2.com
│   └── public_html
├── example3.com
│   └── public_html

新建文件

mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_html

创建index.html

sudo nano /var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html

用nano文本编辑器粘贴/var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>案例测试</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>成功部署</h1>
  </body>
</html>

修改用户组

sudo chown -R nginx: /var/www/example.com

2. 配置server

Nginx 服务器块配置文件文件必须以.conf结尾,并存储在目录/etc/nginx/conf.d中

1.新建example.com.conf
/etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf

server 
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    root /var/www/example.com/public_html;

    index index.html;

    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;

    location / 
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

测试配置

sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

重启

sudo systemctl restart nginx

技术图片

3. Flask + Nginx + Gunicorn

配置服务器

server 

       listen 80;
       server_name 49.234.220.252;
       access_log  /var/log/nginx/hello/access.log;
       error_log /var/log/nginx/hello/error.log;

       location /  
              proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
              proxy_set_header Host $host;
              proxy_set_header X-Real-Ip $remote_addr;

启动


$ cd myapp/
$ source env/bin/activate

# 创建日志文件夹
(env) $ mkdir -p /var/log/nginx/hello/

# 修改所有者
(env) $ sudo chown -R nginx: /var/log/nginx/hello


(env) $ sudo nginx -t
(env) $ systemctl reload nginx
(env) $ gunicorn hello:app

查看进程

# pstree -ap|grep gunicorn

四、Supervisor

进程管理工具，方便的监听、启动、停止、重启一个或多个进程。

supervisor：要安装的软件的名称。
supervisord：装好supervisor软件后，supervisord用于启动supervisor服务。
supervisorctl：用于管理supervisor配置文件中program。

1. 安装supervisor

yum -y install supervisor

# 生成2个文件
`-- /etc/
    |-- ...
    |-- supervisord.conf    # 配置文件
    `-- supervisord.d/  # 配置文件夹

修改supervisord.conf

[unix_http_server]
file=/var/run/supervisor.sock   

[supervisord]
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log  ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)
logfile_maxbytes=50MB       ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)
logfile_backups=10          ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)
loglevel=info               ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace)
pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)
nodaemon=false              ; (start in foreground if true;default false)
minfds=1024                 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)
minprocs=200                ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200)


[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface

[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock


[include]
files = supervisord.d/*.ini

2. 自定义配置示例

测试程序结构

`-- dosupervisor/
    |-- log/    # 日志文件夹
    |   |-- long.err.log    #错误
    |   `-- long.out.log    #输出
    `-- long.sh # 调用程序

# long.sh

#!/bin/bash
while true
do 
    # Echo current date to stdout
    echo `date`
    # Echo 'error!' to stderr
    echo 'error!' >&2
    sleep 1
done

配置long_script.conf

# /etc/supervisord.d/long_script.conf

[program:long_script]
command=/root/dosupervisor/long.sh
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/root/dosupervisor/log/long.err.log
stdout_logfile=/root/dosupervisor/log/long.out.log

查看状态

[root@VM_0_6_centos ~]# supervisorctl status
long_script                      RUNNING   pid 16862, uptime 0:00:51
[root@VM_0_6_centos ~]# supervisorctl stop long_script
long_script: stopped
[root@VM_0_6_centos ~]# supervisorctl status
long_script                      STOPPED   Aug 02 11:22 PM

滚动查看结果

tail -f long.out.log

3. 用到的指令

yum -y remove supervisor    #卸载
supervisord --version

# 初始化配置
echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf


supervisord : 启动supervisor
supervisorctl reload :修改完配置文件后重新启动supervisor
supervisorctl status :查看supervisor监管的进程状态
supervisorctl start 进程名 ：启动XXX进程
supervisorctl stop 进程名 ：停止XXX进程
supervisorctl stop all：停止全部进程。
supervisorctl update：根据最新的配置文件，启动新配置或有改动的进程，配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启

# 看进程服务
ps -ef | grep supervisord

#启动supervisor，-c制定让其读取的配置文件
supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.d/long_script.conf

#关闭supervisor
supervisorctl shutdown

#重新加载supervisor配置文件，并重启superivisor
supervisorctl reload

# 设置开机启动
systemctl enable supervisord

4. 开机启动

systemctl enable supervisord

systemctl is-enabled supervisord
systemctl stop supervisord
systemctl start supervisord
systemctl status supervisord
systemctl reload supervisord
systemctl restart supervisord

systemctl restart supervisord
supervisorctl reload

五、Flask+Gunicorn+Nginx+Supervisord

1. 目录结构

$ tree -I "env|__pycache*|*.pyc" -FCL 3
.
|-- hello.py
`-- rungun.sh*

2. 主程序

# hello.py

$ cat hello.py 
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return '<h1>hello word</h1>'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',debug=True)

3. 定义启动项

$ cat rungun.sh 
#!/bin/bash

cd /root/myapp
source env/bin/activate
gunicorn hello:app

4. 定义supervisord

$ cat /etc/supervisord.d/hello.ini 
[program:hello]
command=/root/myapp/rungun.sh
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_out.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_err.log

5. 配置nginx

$ cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/hello.conf 
server 

       listen 80;
       server_name 49.234.220.252;
       access_log  /var/log/nginx/hello/access.log;
       error_log /var/log/nginx/hello/error.log;

       location /  
              proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
              proxy_set_header Host $host;
              proxy_set_header X-Real-Ip $remote_addr;

6. 命令

systemctl restart supervisord
supervisorctl reload

更优方案

上述方法只能启动，无法停止或者重启

重新定义supervisord

$ cat /etc/supervisord.d/hello.ini 

[program:hello]
command=/root/myapp/env/bin/gunicorn hello:app
directory=/root/myapp 
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_out.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_err.log

命令

(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos bin]# supervisorctl reload
Restarted supervisord
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos bin]# supervisorctl stop hello
hello: stopped
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos bin]# supervisorctl start hello
hello: started

参考

[1]. Deploying a Flask Site Using NGINX Gunicorn, Supervisor and Virtualenv on Ubuntu

[2]. centos7安装supervisor详细教程

[3]. python web 部署：nginx + gunicorn + supervisor + flask 部署笔记

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