Ansible 自动化常用实例

Posted 2022-06-05

安装ansible
[root@ansible ~]# yum install -y ansible

修改管理哪些主机的清单文件
[root@ansible ansible]# vi /etc/ansible/hosts
[webserver]
192.168.1.21
192.168.1.22
192.168.1.23

给ansible和被管理的主机之间做一个密钥登录
[root@ansible ansible]# ssh-keygen
[root@ansible ansible]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.1.21

管理主机分两种方式(命令/剧本)
命令:
命令格式
ansible <hosts> [options]

例子1: ping 测通是否通畅
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m ping -u root
...省略

例子2: 调用目录下的echo命令
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible all -a "/bin/echo hello world"
...省略

例子3: copy文件到另一个目录
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/opt/passwd"

...省略

例子4: 安装软件
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m yum -a "name=lrzsz"
...省略

例子5: 添加用户
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m user -a "name=zhangsan password=123"

例子6: 启动系统的某个服务
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m service -a "name=sshd state=started"
...省略
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m service -a "name=httpd state=started"
...省略
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m service -a ‘name=httpd state=restarted‘
...省略

例子7: 重启某个服务
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"
...省略

例子8: 指定3台机器执行同一个命令(属于并行执行)
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -a "echo hello" -f 3
...省略

例子9: 获取系统信息
[root@ansible ansible]# ansible webserver -m setup
...省略

剧本:
Playbook组成

hosts: 目标主机
remote_user: 执行操作的用户身份
vars: 执行中的一些变量
tasks: 定义顺序执行的action,每个action调用一个模块
handers: event处理操作，仅有在action触发时才会执行，多次触发只执行一次并按照声明的顺序执行。

例子10: 安装httpd服务
[root@ansible /]# vi test.yml

• hosts: webserver
  remote_user: root
  tasks:

  • name: install httpd
    yum: pkg=httpd state=latest
• hosts: webserver
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  • name: start httpd
    service: name=httpd state=started

例子11: 获取debug信息
[root@ansible /]# vi debug.yml

• hosts: webserver
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  • name: debug
    debug:
    msg: "ansible_default_ipv4.gateway"

例子12: shell模块
[root@ansible /]# vi shell.yml

• hosts: webserver
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  • name: guanbifanghuoqiang
    shell: systemctl stop firewalld

例子13: 拷贝模块
[root@ansible /]# vi copy.yml

• hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:

  • name: copy
    copy: src=/etc/passwd dest=/home
    例子14:创建用户 然后再 删除用户 执行双任务
    [root@ansible /]# vi user.yml

• hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:

  • name: create user
    user:
    name: apeng
    uid: 5000
    group: ftp
    shell: /bin/bash
    groups: apeng
    append: yes

  • name: delete user
    user:
    name: apeng
    state: absent
    remove: yes

例子15: 安装httpd 然后再 卸载
[root@ansible /]# vi yum.yml

• hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  • name: install httpd
    yum:
    name: httpd
    state: latest
  • name: remove httpd
    yum:
    name: httpd
    state: absent

实例16: command模块
[root@ansible /]# vi command.yml

• hosts: root
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  • name: cmd
    command: ls