mysql支持的数据类型

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数值类型

mysql支持所有标准SQL数值数据类型。

这些类型包括严格数值数据类型(INTEGER、SMALLINT、DECIMAL和NUMERIC),以及近似数值数据类型(FLOAT、REAL和DOUBLE PRECISION)。

关键字INT是INTEGER的同义词,关键字DEC是DECIMAL的同义词。

MySQL支持的整数类型有TINYINT、MEDIUMINT和BIGINT。下面的表显示了需要的每个整数类型的存储和范围。

对于小数的表示,MYSQL分为两种方式:浮点数和定点数。浮点数包括float(单精度)和double(双精度),而定点数只有decimal一种,在mysql中以字符串的形式存放,比浮点数更精确,适合用来表示货币等精度高的数据。

BIT数据类型保存位字段值,并且支持MyISAM、MEMORY、InnoDB和BDB表。

 

 

类型大小范围(有符号)范围(无符号)unsigned约束用途
TINYINT 1 字节 (-128,127) (0,255) 小整数值
SMALLINT 2 字节 (-32 768,32 767) (0,65 535) 大整数值
MEDIUMINT 3 字节 (-8 388 608,8 388 607) (0,16 777 215) 大整数值
INT或INTEGER 4 字节 (-2 147 483 648,2 147 483 647) (0,4 294 967 295) 大整数值
BIGINT 8 字节 (-9 233 372 036 854 775 808,9 223 372 036 854 775 807) (0,18 446 744 073 709 551 615) 极大整数值
FLOAT

4 字节

float(255,30)

(-3.402 823 466 E+38,-1.175 494 351 E-38),0,(1.175 494 351 E-38,3.402 823 466 351 E+38) 0,(1.175 494 351 E-38,3.402 823 466 E+38) 单精度
浮点数值
DOUBLE

8 字节

double(255,30)

(-1.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308,-2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-308),0,(2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-308,1.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308) 0,(2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-308,1.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308) 双精度
浮点数值
DECIMAL

对DECIMAL(M,D) ,如果M>D,为M+2否则为D+2

double(65,30)

依赖于M和D的值 依赖于M和D的值 小数值
技术图片
# 创建表一个是默认宽度的int,一个是指定宽度的int(5)
mysql> create table t1 (id1 int,id2 int(5));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

# 像t1中插入数据1,1
mysql> insert into t1 values (1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

# 可以看出结果上并没有异常
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id1  | id2  |
+------+------+
|    1 |    1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 那么当我们插入了比宽度更大的值,会不会发生报错呢?
mysql> insert into t1 values (111111,111111);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 答案是否定的,id2仍然显示了正确的数值,没有受到宽度限制的影响
mysql> select * from t1;
+------------+--------+
| id1        | id2    |
+------------+--------+
| 0000000001 |  00001 |
| 0000111111 | 111111 |
+------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 修改id1字段 给字段添加一个unsigned表示无符号
mysql> alter table t1 modify id1 int unsigned;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc t1;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id1   | int(10) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| id2   | int(5)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

# 当给id1添加的数据大于214748364时,可以顺利插入
mysql> insert into t1 values (2147483648,2147483647);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 当给id2添加的数据大于214748364时,会报错
mysql> insert into t1 values (2147483647,2147483648);
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column ‘id2‘ at row 1
技术图片
# 创建表一个是默认宽度的int,一个是指定宽度的int(5)
mysql> create table t1 (id1 int,id2 int(5));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

# 像t1中插入数据1,1
mysql> insert into t1 values (1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

# 可以看出结果上并没有异常
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id1  | id2  |
+------+------+
|    1 |    1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 那么当我们插入了比宽度更大的值,会不会发生报错呢?
mysql> insert into t1 values (111111,111111);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 答案是否定的,id2仍然显示了正确的数值,没有受到宽度限制的影响
mysql> select * from t1;
+------------+--------+
| id1        | id2    |
+------------+--------+
| 0000000001 |  00001 |
| 0000111111 | 111111 |
+------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 修改id1字段 给字段添加一个unsigned表示无符号
mysql> alter table t1 modify id1 int unsigned;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc t1;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id1   | int(10) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| id2   | int(5)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

# 当给id1添加的数据大于214748364时,可以顺利插入
mysql> insert into t1 values (2147483648,2147483647);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 当给id2添加的数据大于214748364时,会报错
mysql> insert into t1 values (2147483647,2147483648);
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column ‘id2‘ at row 1
技术图片
技术图片
# 创建表的三个字段分别为float,double和decimal参数表示一共显示5位,小数部分占2位
mysql> create table t2 (id1 float(5,2),id2 double(5,2),id3 decimal(5,2));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

# 向表中插入1.23,结果正常
mysql> insert into t2 values (1.23,1.23,1.23);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+------+------+
| id1  | id2  | id3  |
+------+------+------+
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 向表中插入1.234,会发现4都被截断了
mysql> insert into t2 values (1.234,1.234,1.234);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+------+------+
| id1  | id2  | id3  |
+------+------+------+
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
+------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 向表中插入1.235发现数据虽然被截断,但是遵循了四舍五入的规则
mysql> insert into t2 values (1.235,1.235,1.235);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+------+------+
| id1  | id2  | id3  |
+------+------+------+
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
+------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 建新表去掉参数约束
mysql> create table t3 (id1 float,id2 double,id3 decimal);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

# 分别插入1.234
mysql> insert into t3 values (1.234,1.234,1.234);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

# 发现decimal默认值是(10,0)的整数
mysql> select * from t3;
+-------+-------+------+
| id1   | id2   | id3  |
+-------+-------+------+
| 1.234 | 1.234 |    1 |
+-------+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 当对小数位没有约束的时候,输入超长的小数,会发现float和double的区别
mysql> insert into t3 values (1.2355555555555555555,1.2355555555555555555,1.2355555555555555555555);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t3;
+---------+--------------------+------+
| id1     | id2                | id3  |
+---------+--------------------+------+
|   1.234 |              1.234 |    1 |
| 1.23556 | 1.2355555555555555 |    1 |
+---------+--------------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
# 创建表的三个字段分别为float,double和decimal参数表示一共显示5位,小数部分占2位
mysql> create table t2 (id1 float(5,2),id2 double(5,2),id3 decimal(5,2));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

# 向表中插入1.23,结果正常
mysql> insert into t2 values (1.23,1.23,1.23);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+------+------+
| id1  | id2  | id3  |
+------+------+------+
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 向表中插入1.234,会发现4都被截断了
mysql> insert into t2 values (1.234,1.234,1.234);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+------+------+
| id1  | id2  | id3  |
+------+------+------+
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
+------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 向表中插入1.235发现数据虽然被截断,但是遵循了四舍五入的规则
mysql> insert into t2 values (1.235,1.235,1.235);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+------+------+
| id1  | id2  | id3  |
+------+------+------+
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
+------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 建新表去掉参数约束
mysql> create table t3 (id1 float,id2 double,id3 decimal);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

# 分别插入1.234
mysql> insert into t3 values (1.234,1.234,1.234);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

# 发现decimal默认值是(10,0)的整数
mysql> select * from t3;
+-------+-------+------+
| id1   | id2   | id3  |
+-------+-------+------+
| 1.234 | 1.234 |    1 |
+-------+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 当对小数位没有约束的时候,输入超长的小数,会发现float和double的区别
mysql> insert into t3 values (1.2355555555555555555,1.2355555555555555555,1.2355555555555555555555);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t3;
+---------+--------------------+------+
| id1     | id2                | id3  |
+---------+--------------------+------+
|   1.234 |              1.234 |    1 |
| 1.23556 | 1.2355555555555555 |    1 |
+---------+--------------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片

日期和时间类型

表示时间值的日期和时间类型为DATETIME、DATE、TIMESTAMP、TIME和YEAR。

每个时间类型有一个有效值范围和一个"零"值,当指定不合法的MySQL不能表示的值时使用"零"值。

TIMESTAMP类型有专有的自动更新特性,将在后面描述。

类型大小
(字节)
范围格式用途
DATE 3 1000-01-01/9999-12-31 YYYY-MM-DD 年月日
TIME 3 ‘-838:59:59‘/‘838:59:59‘ HH:MM:SS 时分秒
YEAR 1 1901/2155 YYYY 年份值
DATETIME 8 1000-01-01 00:00:00/9999-12-31 23:59:59 YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS 年月日时分秒
TIMESTAMP 4

1970-01-01 00:00:00/2038

结束时间是第 2147483647 秒,北京时间 2038-1-19 11:14:07,格林尼治时间 2038年1月19日 凌晨 03:14:07

YYYYMMDD HHMMSS 混合日期和时间值,时间戳
技术图片
mysql> create table t4 (d date,t time,dt datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc t4;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| d     | date     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| t     | time     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| dt    | datetime | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t4 values (now(),now(),now());
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t4;
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| d          | t        | dt                  |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 | 14:51:51 | 2018-09-21 14:51:51 |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t4 values (null,null,null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t4;
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| d          | t        | dt                  |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 | 14:51:51 | 2018-09-21 14:51:51 |
| NULL       | NULL     | NULL                |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
mysql> create table t4 (d date,t time,dt datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc t4;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| d     | date     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| t     | time     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| dt    | datetime | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t4 values (now(),now(),now());
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t4;
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| d          | t        | dt                  |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 | 14:51:51 | 2018-09-21 14:51:51 |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t4 values (null,null,null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t4;
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| d          | t        | dt                  |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 | 14:51:51 | 2018-09-21 14:51:51 |
| NULL       | NULL     | NULL                |
+------------+----------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
技术图片
mysql> create table t5 (id1 timestamp);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc t5;
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                       |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| id1   | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 插入数据null,会自动插入当前时间的时间
mysql> insert into t5 values (null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t5;
+---------------------+
| id1                 |
+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 14:56:50 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#添加一列 默认值是‘0000-00-00 00:00:00‘
mysql> alter table t5 add id2 timestamp;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table t5 \\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t5
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t5` (
  `id1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `id2` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0000-00-00 00:00:00‘
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

# 手动修改新的列默认值为当前时间
mysql> alter table t5 modify id2 timestamp default current_timestamp;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table t5 \\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t5
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t5` (
  `id1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `id2` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

mysql> insert into t5 values (null,null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t5;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| id1                 | id2                 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 14:56:50 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 2018-09-21 14:59:31 | 2018-09-21 14:59:31 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
mysql> create table t5 (id1 timestamp);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc t5;
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                       |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| id1   | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 插入数据null,会自动插入当前时间的时间
mysql> insert into t5 values (null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t5;
+---------------------+
| id1                 |
+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 14:56:50 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#添加一列 默认值是‘0000-00-00 00:00:00‘
mysql> alter table t5 add id2 timestamp;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table t5 \\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t5
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t5` (
  `id1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `id2` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0000-00-00 00:00:00‘
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

# 手动修改新的列默认值为当前时间
mysql> alter table t5 modify id2 timestamp default current_timestamp;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table t5 \\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t5
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t5` (
  `id1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `id2` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

mysql> insert into t5 values (null,null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t5;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| id1                 | id2                 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2018-09-21 14:56:50 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 2018-09-21 14:59:31 | 2018-09-21 14:59:31 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> create table t6 (t1 timestamp);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc t6;
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                       |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| t1    | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t6 values (19700101080001);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t6;
+---------------------+
| t1                  |
+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 08:00:01 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# timestamp时间的下限是19700101080001
mysql> insert into t6 values (19700101080000);
ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect datetime value: ‘19700101080000‘ for column ‘t1‘ at row 1

mysql> insert into t6 values (‘2038-01-19 11:14:07‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# timestamp时间的上限是2038-01-19 11:14:07
mysql> insert into t6 values (‘2038-01-19 11:14:08‘);
ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect datetime value: ‘2038-01-19 11:14:08‘ for column ‘t1‘ at row 1
mysql> 
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mysql> create table t6 (t1 timestamp);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc t6;
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                       |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| t1    | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t6 values (19700101080001);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t6;
+---------------------+
| t1                  |
+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 08:00:01 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# timestamp时间的下限是19700101080001
mysql> insert into t6 values (19700101080000);
ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect datetime value: ‘19700101080000‘ for column ‘t1‘ at row 1

mysql> insert into t6 values (‘2038-01-19 11:14:07‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# timestamp时间的上限是2038-01-19 11:14:07
mysql> insert into t6 values (‘2038-01-19 11:14:08‘);
ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect datetime value: ‘2038-01-19 11:14:08‘ for column ‘t1‘ at row 1
mysql> 
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mysql> create table t7 (y year); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into t7 values (2018); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from t7; +------+ | y | +------+ | 2018 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
mysql> create table t7 (y year);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into t7 values (2018);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t7;
+------+
| y    |
+------+
| 2018 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
技术图片
mysql> create table t8 (dt datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (‘2018-9-26 12:20:10‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (‘2018/9/26 12+20+10‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (‘20180926122010‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (20180926122010);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t8;
+---------------------+
| dt                  |
+---------------------+
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
mysql> create table t8 (dt datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (‘2018-9-26 12:20:10‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (‘2018/9/26 12+20+10‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (‘20180926122010‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t8 values (20180926122010);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t8;
+---------------------+
| dt                  |
+---------------------+
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
| 2018-09-26 12:20:10 |
+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片

字符串类型

字符串类型指CHAR、VARCHAR、BINARY、VARBINARY、BLOB、TEXT、ENUM和SET。该节描述了这些类型如何工作以及如何在查询中使用这些类型。

类型大小用途
CHAR 0-255字节 定长字符串
VARCHAR 0-65535 字节 变长字符串
TINYBLOB 0-255字节 不超过 255 个字符的二进制字符串
TINYTEXT 0-255字节 短文本字符串
BLOB 0-65 535字节 二进制形式的长文本数据
TEXT 0-65 535字节 长文本数据
MEDIUMBLOB 0-16 777 215字节 二进制形式的中等长度文本数据
MEDIUMTEXT 0-16 777 215字节 中等长度文本数据
LONGBLOB 0-4 294 967 295字节 二进制形式的极大文本数据
LONGTEXT 0-4 294 967 295字节 极大文本数据

CHAR 和 VARCHAR 类型类似,但它们保存和检索的方式不同。它们的最大长度和是否尾部空格被保留等方面也不同。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。

CHAR列的长度固定为创建表是声明的长度,范围(0-255);而VARCHAR的值是可变长字符串范围(0-65535)。

技术图片
mysql> create table t9 (v varchar(4),c char(4));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t9 values (‘ab  ‘,‘ab  ‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 在检索的时候char数据类型会去掉空格
mysql> select * from t9;
+------+------+
| v    | c    |
+------+------+
| ab   | ab   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 来看看对查询结果计算的长度
mysql> select length(v),length(c) from t9;
+-----------+-----------+
| length(v) | length(c) |
+-----------+-----------+
|         4 |         2 |
+-----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 给结果拼上一个加号会更清楚
mysql> select concat(v,‘+‘),concat(c,‘+‘) from t9;
+---------------+---------------+
| concat(v,‘+‘) | concat(c,‘+‘) |
+---------------+---------------+
| ab  +         | ab+           |
+---------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 当存储的长度超出定义的长度,会截断
mysql> insert into t9 values (‘abcd  ‘,‘abcd  ‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t9;
+------+------+
| v    | c    |
+------+------+
| ab   | ab   |
| abcd | abcd |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片
mysql> create table t9 (v varchar(4),c char(4));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t9 values (‘ab  ‘,‘ab  ‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 在检索的时候char数据类型会去掉空格
mysql> select * from t9;
+------+------+
| v    | c    |
+------+------+
| ab   | ab   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 来看看对查询结果计算的长度
mysql> select length(v),length(c) from t9;
+-----------+-----------+
| length(v) | length(c) |
+-----------+-----------+
|         4 |         2 |
+-----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 给结果拼上一个加号会更清楚
mysql> select concat(v,‘+‘),concat(c,‘+‘) from t9;
+---------------+---------------+
| concat(v,‘+‘) | concat(c,‘+‘) |
+---------------+---------------+
| ab  +         | ab+           |
+---------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 当存储的长度超出定义的长度,会截断
mysql> insert into t9 values (‘abcd  ‘,‘abcd  ‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t9;
+------+------+
| v    | c    |
+------+------+
| ab   | ab   |
| abcd | abcd |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
技术图片

BINARY 和 VARBINARY 类似于 CHAR 和 VARCHAR,不同的是它们包含二进制字符串而不要非二进制字符串。也就是说,它们包含字节字符串而不是字符字符串。这说明它们没有字符集,并且排序和比较基于列值字节的数值值。

BLOB 是一个二进制大对象,可以容纳可变数量的数据。有 4 种 BLOB 类型:TINYBLOB、BLOB、MEDIUMBLOB 和 LONGBLOB。它们区别在于可容纳存储范围不同。

有 4 种 TEXT 类型:TINYTEXT、TEXT、MEDIUMTEXT 和 LONGTEXT。对应的这 4 种 BLOB 类型,可存储的最大长度不同,可根据实际情况选择。

ENUM和SET类型

ENUM中文名称叫枚举类型,它的值范围需要在创建表时通过枚举方式显示。ENUM只允许从值集合中选取单个值,而不能一次取多个值

SET和ENUM非常相似,也是一个字符串对象,里面可以包含0-64个成员。根据成员的不同,存储上也有所不同。set类型可以允许值集合中任意选择1或多个元素进行组合。对超出范围的内容将不允许注入,而对重复的值将进行自动去重。

类型 大小 用途
ENUM

对1-255个成员的枚举需要1个字节存储;

对于255-65535个成员,需要2个字节存储;

最多允许65535个成员。

单选:选择性别
SET

1-8个成员的集合,占1个字节

9-16个成员的集合,占2个字节

17-24个成员的集合,占3个字节

25-32个成员的集合,占4个字节

33-64个成员的集合,占8个字节

多选:兴趣爱好
技术图片
mysql> create table t10 (name char(20),gender enum(‘female‘,‘male‘)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 选择enum(‘female‘,‘male‘)中的一项作为gender的值,可以正常插入 mysql> insert into t10 values (‘nezha‘,‘male‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) # 不能同时插入‘male,female‘两个值,也不能插入不属于‘male,female‘的值 mysql> insert into t10 values (‘nezha‘,‘male,female‘); ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column ‘gender‘ at row 1 mysql> create table t11 (name char(20),hobby set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 可以任意选择set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)中的项,并自带去重功能 mysql> insert into t11 values (‘yuan‘,‘烫头,喝酒,烫头‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from t11; +------+---------------+ | name | hobby | +------+---------------+ | yuan | 喝酒,烫头 | +------+---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) # 不能选择不属于set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)中的项, mysql> insert into t11 values (‘alex‘,‘烫头,翻车,看妹子‘); ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column ‘hobby‘ at row 1
技术图片
mysql> create table t10 (name char(20),gender enum(‘female‘,‘male‘));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# 选择enum(‘female‘,‘male‘)中的一项作为gender的值,可以正常插入
mysql> insert into t10 values (‘nezha‘,‘male‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 不能同时插入‘male,female‘两个值,也不能插入不属于‘male,female‘的值
mysql> insert into t10 values (‘nezha‘,‘male,female‘);
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column ‘gender‘ at row 1

mysql> create table t11 (name char(20),hobby set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# 可以任意选择set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)中的项,并自带去重功能
mysql> insert into t11 values (‘yuan‘,‘烫头,喝酒,烫头‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t11;
+------+---------------+
| name | hobby        |
+------+---------------+
| yuan | 喝酒,烫头     |
+------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 不能选择不属于set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)中的项,
mysql> insert into t11 values (‘alex‘,‘烫头,翻车,看妹子‘);
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column ‘hobby‘ at row 1

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