SpringBoot系列——@Async优雅的异步调用

Posted huanzi-qch

tags:

篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了SpringBoot系列——@Async优雅的异步调用相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。

  前言

  众所周知,java的代码是同步顺序执行,当我们需要执行异步操作时我们需要创建一个新线程去执行,以往我们是这样操作的:

    /**
     * 任务类
     */
    class Task implements Runnable 

        @Override
        public void run() 
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":异步任务");
        
    
        //新建线程并执行任务类
        new Thread(new Task()).start();

   jdk1.8之后可以使用Lambda 表达式

        //新建线程并执行任务类
        new Thread(() -> 
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":异步任务");
        ).start();

  当然,除了显式的new Thread,我们一般通过线程池获取线程,这里就不再展开

 

  Spring 3.0之后提供了一个@Async注解,使用@Async注解进行优雅的异步调用,我们先看一下API对这个注解的定义:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/Async.html

技术图片

 

  本文记录在SpringBoot项目中使用@Async注解,实现优雅的异步调用

 

   代码与测试

  项目工程结构

技术图片

  因为要测试事务,所以需要引入

        <!--添加springdata-jpa依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--添加mysql驱动依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 

  在启动类开启启用异步调用,同时注入ApplicationRunner对象在启动类进行调用测试

package cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync;

import cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@EnableAsync//开启异步调用
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootAsyncApplication 

    @Autowired
    private TestService testService;

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootAsyncApplication.class, args);
    

    /**
     * 启动成功
     */
    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner applicationRunner() 
        return applicationArguments -> 
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始调用异步业务");
            //无返回值
//            testService.asyncTask();

            //有返回值,但主线程不需要用到返回值
//            Future<String> future = testService.asyncTask("huanzi-qch");
            //有返回值,且主线程需要用到返回值
//            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":返回值:" + testService.asyncTask("huanzi-qch").get());

            //事务测试,事务正常提交
//            testService.asyncTaskForTransaction(false);
            //事务测试,模拟异常事务回滚
//            testService.asyncTaskForTransaction(true);

            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":调用异步业务结束,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
        ;
    

  看一下我们的测试业务类TestService

package cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync.service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public interface TestService 
    /**
     * 异步调用,无返回值
     */
    void asyncTask();

    /**
     * 异步调用,有返回值
     */
    Future<String> asyncTask(String s);

    /**
     * 异步调用,无返回值,事务测试
     */
    void asyncTaskForTransaction(Boolean exFlag);
package cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync.service;

import cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync.pojo.TbUser;
import cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync.repository.TbUserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService 

    @Autowired
    private TbUserRepository tbUserRepository;

    @Async
    @Override
    public void asyncTask() 
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try 
            //模拟耗时
            Thread.sleep(3000);
         catch (InterruptedException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":void asyncTask(),耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
    

    @Async("asyncTaskExecutor")
    @Override
    public Future<String> asyncTask(String s) 
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try 
            //模拟耗时
            Thread.sleep(3000);
         catch (InterruptedException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":Future<String> asyncTask(String s),耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
        return AsyncResult.forValue(s);
    

    @Async("asyncTaskExecutor")
    @Transactional
    @Override
    public void asyncTaskForTransaction(Boolean exFlag) 
        //新增一个用户
        TbUser tbUser = new TbUser();
        tbUser.setUsername("huanzi-qch");
        tbUser.setPassword("123456");
        tbUserRepository.save(tbUser);

        if(exFlag)
            //模拟异常
            throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
        
    

 

  配置线程池

package cn.huanzi.qch.springbootasync.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.task.AsyncTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

/**
 * 线程池的配置
 */
@Configuration
public class AsyncConfig 

    private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;

    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 20;

    @Bean("asyncTaskExecutor")
    public AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor() 
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        asyncTaskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(MAX_POOL_SIZE);
        asyncTaskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(CORE_POOL_SIZE);
        asyncTaskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-task-thread-pool-");
        asyncTaskExecutor.initialize();
        return asyncTaskExecutor;
    

  配置好后,@Async会默认从线程池获取线程,当然也可以显式的指定@Async("asyncTaskExecutor")

 

  无返回值

    /**
     * 启动成功
     */
    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner applicationRunner() 
        return applicationArguments -> 
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始调用异步业务");
//无返回值 testService.asyncTask();
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":调用异步业务结束,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)); ;

 技术图片

 

  有返回值

  有返回值,但主线程不需要用到返回值

    /**
     * 启动成功
     */
    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner applicationRunner() 
        return applicationArguments -> 
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始调用异步业务");//有返回值,但主线程不需要用到返回值
            Future<String> future = testService.asyncTask("huanzi-qch");

            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":调用异步业务结束,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
        ;
    

 技术图片

  有返回值,且主线程需要用到返回值

    /**
     * 启动成功
     */
    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner applicationRunner() 
        return applicationArguments -> 
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始调用异步业务");
//有返回值,且主线程需要用到返回值
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":返回值:" + testService.asyncTask("huanzi-qch").get());

            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":调用异步业务结束,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
        ;
    

技术图片

  可以发现,有返回值的情况下,虽然异步业务逻辑是由新线程执行,但如果在主线程操作返回值对象,主线程会等待,还是顺序执行 

 

  事务测试

  为了方便观察、测试,我们在配置文件中将日志级别设置成debug

#修改日志登记,方便调试
logging.level.root=debug

 

  事务提交

    /**
     * 启动成功
     */
    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner applicationRunner() 
        return applicationArguments -> 
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始调用异步业务");//事务测试,事务正常提交
            testService.asyncTaskForTransaction(false);

            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":调用异步业务结束,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
        ;
    

技术图片

技术图片

技术图片

 

  模拟异常,事务回滚

    /**
     * 启动成功
     */
    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner applicationRunner() 
        return applicationArguments -> 
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始调用异步业务");
//事务测试,模拟异常事务回滚
            testService.asyncTaskForTransaction(true);

            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":调用异步业务结束,耗时:" + (endTime - startTime));
        ;
    

技术图片

技术图片

 技术图片

 

  后记

  SpringBoot使用@Async优雅的异步调用就暂时记录到这里,以后再进行补充

 

  代码开源

  代码已经开源、托管到我的GitHub、码云:

  GitHub:https://github.com/huanzi-qch/springBoot

  码云:https://gitee.com/huanzi-qch/springBoot

 

以上是关于SpringBoot系列——@Async优雅的异步调用的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

SpringBoot - 优雅的实现异步编程

Springboot 使用@Async开启异步调用

SpringBoot系列:Spring Boot异步调用@Async

Async:简洁优雅的异步之道

解决异步问题,教你如何写出优雅的promise和async/await,告别callback回调地狱!

springboot隔离@Async异步任务的线程池